Rao

Nand Lal

Chaudhary
An imaginary portrait of Rao Nandlal Chaudhary (Mandloi)
Known for
  • Jagirdir of Kampel, Indore & Surrounding area during Mughal and Maratha Empire
  • Founder of Indrapuri (Indore)
ChildrenTejkaran

Rao Nandlal Chaudhary (or Nandlal Mandloi) was the chief of the Zamindars of Kampel, near Indore.[1][2] He was a Gaur Brahmin.[3] Under the suzerainty of the Mughals, he controlled Kampel and some of its surrounding area including Indore.[4] He accepted the suzerainty of the Marathas, after the Nizam acceded to the Peshwa's demands in 1724.

History

During the Mughal era, the area under the modern Indore district was equally divided between the administrations (sarkars) of Ujjain and Mandu. Kampel was the headquarters of a mahal (administrative unit) under the Ujjain sarkar of Malwa Subah (province). The area of the modern Indore city was included in the Kampel pargana (administrative unit).[5]

In 1715, the Marathas invaded this region (Mughal territory) and demanded chauth (tax) from the Mughal Amil (administrator) of Kampel. The Amil fled to Ujjain, and the local zamindars agreed to pay Chauth to the Marathas. The chief zamindar, Nandlal Chaudhury (later known as Nandlal Mandloi), paid a chauth of around Rs. 25,000 to the Marathas. Jai Singh II, the Mughal Governor of Malwa, reached Kampel on 8 May 1715, and defeated the Marathas in a battle near the village. The Marathas came back in early 1716, and raided Kampel in 1717. In March 1718, the Marathas, led by Santaji Bhonsale, invaded Malwa again, but were unsuccessful this time.

Subedar Malhar Rao Holkar, first Maharaja of Indore

By 1720, the headquarters of the local pargana were transferred from Kampel to Indore, due to the increasing commercial activity in the city. In 1724, the Marathas under the new Peshwa Baji Rao I, launched a fresh attack on the Mughals in Malwa. Baji Rao I himself led the campaign, accompanied by his lieutenants Udaji Rao Pawar, Malhar Rao Holkar and Ranoji Scindia. The Mughal Nizam met the Peshwa at Nalchha on 18 May 1724, and acceded to his demand of collecting chauth from the area. The Peshwa returned to the Deccan, but left Malhar Rao Holkar at Indore to oversee the chauth collection.

The Marathas maintained friendly relations with Nandlal Chaudhary, who held influence over the local Sardars (chiefs). In 1728, they defeated the Mughals decisively at Amjhera, and consolidated their authority in the area over the next few years. On 3 October 1730, Malhar Rao Holkar was appointed as the Maratha chief of Malwa. The local zamindars, who had the title of Chaudhari, came to be known as Mandlois (after mandal, an administrative unit) during the Maratha reign. The Holkar dynasty of the Marathas, which controlled the region, conferred the title of Rao Raja upon the local zamindar family.[6] After Nandlal died, his son Tejkarana was accepted as the Mandloi of Kampel by the Peshwa Baji Rao I. The pargana was formally granted to Malhar Rao Holkar by merging 28 and one-half Pargana by the Peshwa in 1733. The pargana headquarters were transferred back to Kampel during his reign. After his death, his daughter-in-law Ahilyabai Holkar moved the headquarters to Indore in 1766. The tehsil of Kampel was converted into Indore tehsil by a change in the name.[5] Ahilyabai Holkar moved the state's capital to Maheshwar in 1767, but Indore remained an important commercial and military center.

Founder of Indore

Indore was then known as 'Indrapuri' (after the Lord Indreshwar Mahadev Temple) renamed as Indrapur. This city subsequently been called as 'Indur' during the Maratha rule and later as 'Indore' during the British era.

Baji Rao I, the Peshwa of the Maratha Empire riding a horse into battle

See also

References

  1. ↑ Rajaram Vyankatesh Nadkarnia The rise and fall of the Maratha Empire
  2. ↑ Palsokar, R. D. Bajirao I: An Outstanding Cavalry General. New Delhi: Reliance Pub. House, 1995. p.126
  3. ↑ |Book=Smuggling as Subversion Colonialism, Indian Merchants, and the Politics of Opium
  4. ↑ Nadkarnia, Rajaram Vyankatesh (1966). "The Rise and Fall of the Maratha Empire".
  5. 1 2 P N Shrivastav, ed. (1971). Madhya Pradesh District Gazetteers: Indore (First ed.). Government Central Press. pp. 2, 55–59.
  6. ↑ Major General Sir John Malcolm, Central India, Part I, pp. 68–70
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