reStructuredText

Filename extension	.rst
Internet media type	text/x-rst
Developed by	David Goodger
Initial release	June 1, 2001 (2001-06-01)[1]
Latest release	Revision 8407 October 29, 2019 (2019-10-29)
Open format?	Public domain
Website	docutils.sourceforge.io/rst.html

reStructuredText (RST, ReST, or reST) is a file format for textual data used primarily in the Python programming language community for technical documentation.

It is part of the Docutils project of the Python Doc-SIG (Documentation Special Interest Group), aimed at creating a set of tools for Python similar to Javadoc for Java or Plain Old Documentation (POD) for Perl. Docutils can extract comments and information from Python programs, and format them into various forms of program documentation.^[2]

In this sense, reStructuredText is a lightweight markup language designed to be both processable by documentation-processing software such as Docutils, and be easily readable by human programmers who are reading and writing Python source code.

History

reStructuredText evolved from an earlier lightweight markup language called StructuredText^[3] (developed by Zope). There were a number of problems with StructuredText, and reST was developed to address them.^[4] The name reStructuredText was chosen to indicate that reST is a "revised, reworked, and reinterpreted StructuredText."^[5]

Parts of the reST syntax were inspired by the Setext language from the early 1990s. Elements of the common RFC822 Internet Message Format and Javadoc formats were also considered for inclusion in the design.^[6]

reStructuredText was first released in June 2001.^[1] It began to see significant use in the Python community in 2002.^[7]

Reference implementation

The reference implementation of the reST parser is a component of the Docutils text processing framework in the Python programming language, but other parsers are available.

There is no official MIME type registered for reStructuredText, but the unofficial one is text/x-rst.^[8]

Applications

reStructuredText is commonly used for technical documentation, for example, in documentation of Python libraries.^[9] However, it is suitable for a wide range of texts.

Since 2008, reST has been a core component of Python's Sphinx document generation system.

Trac also supports reStructuredText,^[10] as do GitHub and Bitbucket.

In 2011, Distributed Proofreaders, which prepared texts for Project Gutenberg, was considering adoption of reST as a basic format from which other ebook formats could be generated.^[11]

In July 2016 the Linux kernel project decided to transition from DocBook based documentation to reStructuredText and the Sphinx toolchain.^[12]

The software build tool CMake switched from a custom markup language to reStructuredText in version 3.0 for its documentation.^[13]

Examples

================
Document Heading
================

Heading
=======

Sub-heading
-----------

Paragraphs are separated 
by a blank line.

<h1>Document Heading</h1>

<h2>Heading</h2>

<h3>Sub-heading</h3>

<p>Paragraphs are separated
by a blank line.</p>

Text attributes *emphasis*, **strong emphasis**, ``monospace``.

Horizontal rule:

----

<p>Text attributes <em>emphasis</em>,
<strong>strong emphasis</strong>, <code>monospace</code>.</p>

<p>Horizontal rule:</p>

<hr />

Bullet list:

* apples
* oranges
* pears

Numbered list:

1. lather
2. rinse
3. repeat

Nested lists:

1. fruits

   * apple
   * banana

2. vegetables

   * carrot
   * broccoli

<p>Bullet list:</p>

<ul>
  <li>apples</li>
  <li>oranges</li>
  <li>pears</li>
</ul>

<p>Numbered list:</p>

<ol>
  <li>lather</li>
  <li>rinse</li>
  <li>repeat</li>
</ol>

<p>Nested lists:</p>

<ol>
  <li>fruits
    <ul>
      <li>apple</li>
      <li>banana</li>
    </ul>
  </li>
  <li>vegetables
    <ul>
      <li>carrot</li>
      <li>broccoli</li>
    </ul>
  </li>
</ol>

An `example <http://example.com>`_.

.. image:: Icon-pictures.png
    :alt: Image

If text is indented, it is treated as a block quotation:

    Should array indices start at 0 or 1?
    My suggested compromise of 0.5 was rejected without, I thought, proper consideration.
    -- Stan Kelly-Bootle

reST uses :: prior to a pre-formatted code block::

    Y = lambda f: (lambda x: f(x(x)))(lambda x: f(x(x)))

| Multi-line text can
| span in tables
| with a pipe character.

<p>An <a href="http://example.com">example</a>.</p>

<p><img alt="Image"src="Icon-pictures.png" /></p>

<p>If text is indented, it is treated as a block quotation, and the final attribution line is handled automatically:</p>
<blockquote>
Should array indices start at 0 or 1?
My suggested compromise of 0.5 was rejected without, I thought, proper consideration.
-- Stan Kelly-Bootle</blockquote>

<p>reST uses :: prior to a pre-formatted code block:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
Y = lambda f: (lambda x: f(x(x)))(lambda x: f(x(x)))
</pre>

<p>Multi-line text can<br/>span in tables<br/>with a pipe character.</p>

Y = lambda f: (lambda x: f(x(x)))(lambda x: f(x(x)))

See also

• Comparison of document markup languages
• Comparison of documentation generators
• Comparison of note-taking software

References

External links

• Official reStructuredText website with reference pages