Redondo Beach, California
City
Redondo Beach - King Harbor sign
Redondo Beach - King Harbor sign
Flag of Redondo Beach, California
Flag
Official seal of Redondo Beach, California
Seal
Official logo of Redondo Beach, California
Logo
Location of Redondo Beach in Los Angeles County, California
Location of Redondo Beach in Los Angeles County, California
Redondo Beach, California is located in the United States
Redondo Beach, California
Redondo Beach, California
Location in the contiguous United States
Coordinates: 33°51′29″N 118°22′44″W / 33.85806°N 118.37889°W / 33.85806; -118.37889
CountryUnited States
StateCalifornia
CountyLos Angeles
IncorporatedApril 29, 1892[1]
Government
 • TypeCouncil–manager[2]
 • MayorBill Brand[3]
 • Mayor Pro TemTodd Loewenstein
 • City Council[3]Nils Nehrenheim
Todd Loewenstein
Zein Obagi Jr.
Paige Kaluderovic
Scott Behrendt
 • City treasurerEugene Solomon[4]
 • City clerkEleanor Manzano[5]
Area
[6]
 • Total6.21 sq mi (16.09 km2)
 • Land6.20 sq mi (16.06 km2)
 • Water0.01 sq mi (0.03 km2)  0.16%
Elevation
[7]
62 ft (19 m)
Population
 (2020)[8]
 • Total71,576
 • Density12,000/sq mi (4,400/km2)
Time zoneUTC−8 (Pacific)
 • Summer (DST)UTC−7 (PDT)
ZIP Codes
90277–90278[9]
Area code310/424[10]
FIPS code06-60018
GNIS feature IDs1652782, 2411535
Websiteredondo.org

Redondo Beach (Spanish for 'round') is a coastal city in Los Angeles County, California, United States, located in the South Bay region of the Greater Los Angeles area. It is one of three adjacent beach cities along the southern portion of Santa Monica Bay. The population was 71,576 at the 2020 census, up from 66,748 at the 2010 census.

Redondo Beach was originally part of the 1785 Rancho San Pedro Spanish land grant that later became the South Redondo area. The primary attractions include Municipal Pier and the sandy beach, popular with tourists and a variety of sports enthusiasts. The western terminus of the Metro Rail C Line (formerly the Green Line) is in North Redondo Beach.

History

Don Manuel Domínguez, a signer of the Californian Constitution and owner of Rancho San Pedro, which included all of modern-day Redondo.
View of Redondo Beach Pier and railroad station from the Redondo Hotel, c. 1900
Redondo Beach, 1906

The Chowigna Indians used the site of today's Hopkins Wilderness Park, formerly Nike missile site LA-57 from 1956 to 1963, in Redondo Beach, California, as a lookout place.[11] The wetlands located at the site of the AES power plant in Redondo Beach were a source of foods including halibut, lobster, and sea bass, and also of salt.[12]

In the 1700s, the Chowigna bartered salt from the old Redondo Salt Lake, "a spring-fed salt lake about 200 yards wide and 600 yards long situated about 200 yards from the ocean", with other tribes.[13] Their village by the lake was called "Onoova-nga", or "Place of Salt."

The Chowigna were relocated to missions in 1854, when Manuel Dominguez sold 215 acres (87 ha) of Rancho San Pedro, including the lake, to Henry Allanson and William Johnson for the Pacific Salt Works.[13][14][15]

Redondo Beach saltwater bathhouse, constructed by Henry E. Huntington,[16] ca.1910

Moonstone Beach was a tourist attraction from the late 1880s to the early 1920s. Tourists gathered moonstones from the many mounds that had washed ashore during storms.

The city’s residents and political leaders have long advocated to retire an aging waterfront power plant and allow it to be restored to its natural wetland state,[17][18] rather than converted into a housing development.[19] The city has also participated in legal proceedings to preserve its ability to participate in residential zoning decisions, including the discretion to regulate single-family homes from being transformed by for-profit developers into “six-on-a-lots.”[20][21]

In 2022, the Redondo Beach government (along with the governments of Torrance, Carson, and Whittier) sued the California state government, seeking to block the California HOME Act (SB 9), which permits the construction of duplexes and fourplexes on lots.[22] Redondo Beach mayor Bill Brand has argued that there is no housing crisis in Redondo Beach.[20]

In 2023, Redondo Beach sued to prevent the transformation of the lot of an aging waterfront power plant into a village-style complex of 2,700 residential units (including 540 affordable units) and commercial space.[23][24] The mayor of Redondo Beach, Bill Brand, became mayor after spearheading an effort to block housing on the lot.[20]

Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 6.2 square miles (16.1 km2), over 99% of it land.

Redondo Beach was originally part of the 1784 Rancho San Pedro Spanish land grant of the 43,000-acre (170 km2) Dominguez Rancho that later became the ten-mile (16 km) ocean frontage of Rancho Sausal Redondo.

The beach starts below the bluffs of Palos Verdes in the south (after Torrance Beach) and carries north to the Redondo Pier. The area of the beach that starts in Palos Verdes is known as "RAT (Right After Torrance) Beach."

Neighborhoods

The ocean side of Pacific Coast Highway (PCH) has restaurants and boating activities while inland of PCH is largely residential. Redondo Breakwall is a well-known surf spot in the South Bay. This power plant sports Whaling Wall number 31, a 586 ft × 95 ft (179 m × 29 m) whale mural by artist Robert Wyland titled "Gray Whale Migration".

Redondo Beach's borders

Redondo Beach has a distinct division between the north and south sections of the city, with 190th, Anita, and Herondo streets forming its east–west boundary line. South Redondo is along the beachfront with the pier and marina/harbor complex. The small business district near the pier and marina was revived in the 1990s. That district was once focused on fishing and canning when the pier was used to transport fish-based foodstuffs and canned fish to American and Asian consumers, but that industry experienced an economic downfall in the 1970s and 1980s. The main library is located in the Civic Center.

North Redondo, north of 190th Street, is an inland community separated from the beachfront by Hermosa Beach and Manhattan Beach. While primarily residential, North Redondo contains some of the city's major industrial and commercial space, including the inland aerospace and engineering firms that are part of Southern California's long space legacy. It is also home to the South Bay Galleria shopping center and Artesia Boulevard. North Redondo is the home of the Redondo Beach Performing Arts Center and the Los Angeles Ballet. The North Branch of the Redondo Beach Library serves this area.

Zoning allows properties within two to three blocks of the beach to be developed as large, two to three-unit luxury townhomes; inland areas are more likely to have single-family homes. There is a citywide height limit of 32 ft (9.8 m) for new homes but rooftop living spaces and decks are allowed.[25]

The Marina, Harbor and Pier complexes are planned centers of activity that host seafood restaurants, bars, and smaller shops.

Redondo Beach, 1890
Redondo Beach Pier

Climate

Redondo Beach has a warm-summer Mediterranean climate (Köppen climate classification: Csb) with mild winters and warm, almost rainless summers. The coldest months are December through March, and the warmest months are July through September. Redondo Beach has mild temperatures year round due to its coastal location.

Climate data for Redondo Beach, California (normals 2000–2020, extremes 2000–present)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °F (°C) 91
(33)		 88
(31)		 91
(33)		 93
(34)		 100
(38)		 90
(32)		 88
(31)		 93
(34)		 96
(36)		 102
(39)		 93
(34)		 85
(29)		 102
(39)
Mean maximum °F (°C) 80.4
(26.9)		 79.5
(26.4)		 80.7
(27.1)		 80.6
(27.0)		 79.0
(26.1)		 78.7
(25.9)		 83.3
(28.5)		 82.5
(28.1)		 86.9
(30.5)		 88.4
(31.3)		 85.4
(29.7)		 77.3
(25.2)		 92.6
(33.7)
Mean daily maximum °F (°C) 66.6
(19.2)		 65.9
(18.8)		 66.0
(18.9)		 67.5
(19.7)		 69.5
(20.8)		 72.1
(22.3)		 75.6
(24.2)		 76.5
(24.7)		 76.1
(24.5)		 74.0
(23.3)		 70.6
(21.4)		 66.4
(19.1)		 70.6
(21.4)
Daily mean °F (°C) 57.0
(13.9)		 56.7
(13.7)		 58.0
(14.4)		 59.6
(15.3)		 62.6
(17.0)		 65.3
(18.5)		 69.0
(20.6)		 69.7
(20.9)		 69.0
(20.6)		 65.6
(18.7)		 60.9
(16.1)		 56.6
(13.7)		 62.5
(16.9)
Mean daily minimum °F (°C) 47.3
(8.5)		 47.5
(8.6)		 49.9
(9.9)		 51.6
(10.9)		 55.7
(13.2)		 58.4
(14.7)		 62.4
(16.9)		 62.9
(17.2)		 61.8
(16.6)		 57.1
(13.9)		 51.1
(10.6)		 46.8
(8.2)		 54.4
(12.4)
Mean minimum °F (°C) 38.5
(3.6)		 39.9
(4.4)		 43.7
(6.5)		 46.2
(7.9)		 50.6
(10.3)		 54.9
(12.7)		 58.3
(14.6)		 58.5
(14.7)		 55.9
(13.3)		 50.7
(10.4)		 43.3
(6.3)		 38.3
(3.5)		 37.5
(3.1)
Record low °F (°C) 31
(−1)		 36
(2)		 40
(4)		 43
(6)		 46
(8)		 51
(11)		 53
(12)		 51
(11)		 51
(11)		 47
(8)		 36
(2)		 35
(2)		 31
(−1)
Average precipitation inches (mm) 2.97
(75)		 3.69
(94)		 2.24
(57)		 0.62
(16)		 0.32
(8.1)		 0.09
(2.3)		 0.05
(1.3)		 0.01
(0.25)		 0.12
(3.0)		 0.52
(13)		 0.77
(20)		 2.36
(60)		 13.76
(350)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in) 5.5 5.6 4.9 2.7 1.8 0.7 0.8 0.2 0.5 3.2 3.4 5.8 35.1
Source: NOAA[26]

Demographics

Historical population
CensusPop.Note%±
1890603—
190085541.8%
19102,935243.3%
19204,91367.4%
19309,34790.3%
194013,09240.1%
195025,22692.7%
196046,98686.3%
197057,45122.3%
198057,102−0.6%
199060,1675.4%
200063,2615.1%
201066,7485.5%
202071,5767.2%
U.S. Decennial Census[27]

The city is affluent and predominantly white.[22][20]

2020

The 2020 census found that greater than 50% of Redondo Beach’s residents are white, nearly double the rate of the greater Los Angeles area.[28]

Redondo Beach, like its neighboring beach towns, has become one of the most exclusionary cities in Los Angeles by limiting housing production, resulting in a median home costing $1.4 million, 60% higher than the regional average for Los Angeles.[28]

2010

The 2010 United States Census[29] reported that Redondo Beach had a population of 66,748. The population density was 10,751.1 inhabitants per square mile (4,151.0/km2). The racial makeup of Redondo Beach was 49,805 (74.6%) White (65.2% Non-Hispanic White),[8] 1,852 (2.8%) African American, 291 (0.4%) Native American, 8,004 (12.0%) Asian, 199 (0.3%) Pacific Islander, 2,725 (4.1%) from other races, and 3,872 (5.8%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 10,142 persons (15.2%).

The Census reported that 66,317 people (99.4% of the population) lived in households, 367 (0.5%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 64 (0.1%) were institutionalized.

There were 29,011 households, out of which 7,825 (27.0%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 12,507 (43.1%) were opposite-sex married couples living together, 2,515 (8.7%) had a female householder with no husband present, 1,207 (4.2%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 1,904 (6.6%) unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and 179 (0.6%) same-sex married couples or partnerships. 9,252 households (31.9%) were made up of individuals, and 2,145 (7.4%) had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.29. There were 16,229 families (55.9% of all households); the average family size was 2.94.

Redondo Beach had 12,887 people (19.3%) under the age of 18, 4,198 people (6.3%) aged 18 to 24, 23,149 people (34.7%) aged 25 to 44, 19,532 people (29.3%) aged 45 to 64, and 6,982 people (10.5%) who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39.3 years. For every 100 females, there were 99.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 97.2 males.

There were 30,609 housing units at an average density of 4,930.2 per square mile (1,903.6/km2), of which 14,917 (51.4%) were owner-occupied, and 14,094 (48.6%) were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 0.9%; the rental vacancy rate was 5.3%. 36,796 people (55.1% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 29,521 people (44.2%) lived in rental housing units.

According to the 2010 United States Census, Redondo Beach had a median household income of $99,496, with 5.4% of the population living below the federal poverty line.[8]

2000

Shoreline of Redondo Beach, California

As of the census[30] of 2000, there were 63,261 people, 28,566 households, and 15,254 families residing in the city. The population density was 10,065.4 inhabitants per square mile (3,886.3/km2). There were 29,543 housing units at an average density of 4,700.6 per square mile (1,814.9/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 78.6% White, 9.1% Asian, 2.5% African American, 0.5% Native American, 0.4% Pacific Islander, 4.4% from other races, and 4.6, % from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 13.5% of the population.

There were 28,566 households, out of which 23.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 40.6% were married couples living together, 9.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 46.6% were non-families. 33.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 5.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.21 and the average family size was 2.87.

In the city, 18.8% of the population was under the age of 18; 6.1%, aged 18 to 24; 43.1%, aged 25 to 44; 23.6%, aged 45 to 64; and 8.5% aged 65 or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 101.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 99.8 males.

According to a 2007 estimate, the median income for a household in the city was $93,274, and the median income for a family was $108,753.[31] Males had a median income of $56,796 versus $45,204 for females. The per capita income for the city was $38,305. About 4.0% of families and 5.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 6.2% of those under age 18 and 6.1% of those age 65 or over.

Economy

According to the city's 2020 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report,[32] the top employers in the city are:

# Employer # of Employees  % of Total City Employment
1 Northrop Grumman 6,045 33.04%
2 Redondo Beach Unified School District 868 4.74%
3 City of Redondo Beach 402 2.2%
4 The Cheesecake Factory 261 1.43
5 United States Postal Service 260 1.42%
6 Target 241 1.32%
7 Macy's 232 1.27%
8 DHL Global Forwarding 227 1.24%
9 Frontier 164 0.9%
10 Silverado Beach Cities 140 0.77%

Cost of living

Redondo Beach Pier, 1991

According to public data from the Los Angeles Times, real estate prices increased almost 20% per year between 1999 and 2005. Properties within walking distance of the ocean routinely sell for over $1 million. Money Magazine ranks communities in the area as some of the most expensive places to live in the U.S. The average three-bed, two-bath home costs about $1,000,000 in South Redondo as of 2006 and $875,000 in North Redondo. The 2007 "credit meltdown" has affected home values in the area to a lesser extent than the rest of Southern California.

Sports

The Marvin Braude Bike Trail runs from Torrance through South Redondo, north to Hermosa Beach, Manhattan Beach, and eventually to Santa Monica. At the Redondo Beach King Harbor Marina and Pier complex, the path has onto dedicated lanes of surface streets for about a mile before again turning to the ocean in Hermosa Beach. Continuing north from Manhattan Beach, the path stretches to Marina Del Rey.

Surfing is an element of the South Bay lifestyle year-round. Winter storms in the Pacific Ocean sometimes turn typically placid and rolling South Bay waves into large and occasionally dangerous waves, a draw for surfers. Wave heights in December 2005 were some of the largest on record at 15 feet (4.6 m) to 20 feet (6.1 m).

Beach volleyball is another aspect of Redondo Beach's lifestyle. Professional tournaments managed by the AVP take place in neighboring Hermosa and Manhattan Beach. Redondo Beach is home to gold medalist Kerri Walsh and AVP Pro Casey Jennings.

Government

Local government

Redondo Beach's City Council elections are held on the first Tuesday after the first Monday in March of odd-numbered years after the City Attorney notified California's Secretary of State of not moving both its City Council and Board of Education elections to a statewide primary or general election starting in 2018. The elections are all-mail instead of in-person.

The current mayor and council members are:[33]

  • Mayor: Bill Brand
  • Council Members: Nils Nehrenheim, Todd Loewenstein, Paige Kaluderovic, Zein Obagi, Jr., and Scott Behrendt. [34]

The City of Redondo Beach is a charter city.[35] Almost two thirds of the residents in Los Angeles County, the majority in Southern California, and a plurality of Californians live in charter cities according to the 2010 US Census.[36] As a charter city, Redondo Beach can adopt amendments to its city charter.[37]

State and federal representation

In the California State Legislature, Redondo Beach is in the 24th Senate District, represented by Democrat Ben Allen, and in the 66th Assembly District, represented by Democrat Al Muratsuchi.[38]

In the United States House of Representatives, Redondo Beach is in California's 36th congressional district, represented by Democrat Ted Lieu.[39]

Politics

In the 2008 presidential election Barack Obama won 59% of the vote and John McCain won 37% of the vote.[40]

Education

The Redondo Beach Unified School District serves the city. Redondo Union High School is the zoned high school, with the adjoining campus of Patricia Dreizler Continuation High School located to the east of the Redondo Union High School main grounds serving as a continuation school. The Redondo Beach Learning Academy, a community day school houses 9th-12th graders, is located on the South Bay Adult School campus in Redondo Beach. Dreizler continues to be recognized as a California Model Continuation High School.[41] The Independent Study Program supports grades 9-12 and is housed on the Patricia Deizler campus.[42][43][44] Additionally, Redondo Beach has two middle schools, Adams Middle School and Parras Middle School. Adams Middle School, located in North Redondo Beach, primarily serves 6th to 8th grade students in the North Redondo area, with Parras Middle School being the designated middle school of South Redondo Beach.[45][46] The city also has eight established elementary schools: Alta Vista, Beryl Heights, Birney, Jefferson, Lincoln, Madison, Tulita and Washington.[47] All twelve schools are evenly divided throughout the North and South areas of Redondo Beach, with five elementary schools and one middle school located in North/Central Redondo Beach; and three elementary schools, one middle school, and the singular designated high school placed in South Redondo Beach.[48] The Redondo Beach Educational Foundation was founded in 1992 and revitalized in 2008.[49]

Residents of Redondo Beach were in South Bay Union High School District until 1993, when it dissolved.[50]

Valor Christian Academy (formerly Coast Christian School) is in Redondo Beach.

Infrastructure

Redondo Beach Fire Department harbor patrol

The United States Postal Service operates the Redondo Beach Post Office at 1201 North Catalina Avenue,[51] the Redondo Beach Station #2 Post Office at 1715 Via El Prado,[52] the North Redondo Beach Post Office at 2215 Artesia Boulevard,[53] and the Galleria Post Office at Suite 377D at 1815 Hawthorne Boulevard.[54]

The Los Angeles County Department of Health Services operates the Torrance Health Center in Harbor Gateway, Los Angeles, near Torrance and serving Redondo Beach.[55]

The Beach Cities Health District,[56] one of 78 California Health Districts,[57] is located in Redondo Beach. Created in 1955, as South Bay Hospital, to provide health and wellness services to the residents of Hermosa Beach, Manhattan Beach, and Redondo Beach. The district took on its current name in 1993. In 2002, Beach Cities Health District opened AdventurePlex,[58] a Manhattan Beach fitness facility for youth and their families of the three beach cities. AdventurePlex has mazes, tunnels, outdoor rock climbing walls, complex ropes courses, and an indoor gymnasium.

Redondo Beach Police Department

The Redondo Beach Police Department was established in the 1920s. The Police Department consists of 90 sworn members (officers) plus 57 non-sworn members.[59]

Redondo Beach Public Library

public library image
Redondo Beach Public Library

The first library in Redondo Beach began as a reading room in 1895. The first five-member Library Commission for the city was formed in November 1908. The library moved into the then City Hall's west wing in 1909 and eventually filled the entire west wing at 301 Emerald Street. In 1928 the Chamber of Commerce recommended a new library be built on the site previously occupied by the Hotel Redondo in what is now Veterans Park. The Veterans Park Library is a Spanish/Dutch colonial building designed by architect Lovel Bearse Pemberton and opened on July 2, 1930. It was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1981. After serving as the Main Library for the city for 60 years, a site adjacent to City Hall was identified for a new, modern Main Library building. The new Main Library for the City of Redondo Beach opened on July 8, 1995, at 303 N. Pacific Coast Highway. A North Branch Library was also established in 1930 and started at the Grant Community Hall, it then moved to its current location at 2000 Artesia Boulevard in 1949. A new North Branch Library was constructed on the site in 2009 and opened its doors on September 28, 2010. The North Branch Library is the first City owned Green building and received Gold LEED certification.[60]

Public transportation

Redondo Beach is served by Beach Cities Transit and the Redondo Beach C Line station.

Historically, the city was served by the Santa Fe Railroad and Pacific Electric's Venice-Playa del Rey and Redondo Beach via Gardena lines.[61][62]

Notable people

Demi Moore
Eli Morgan
Judith Resnik
Songs & videos

Television

South Bay Galleria, a shopping mall on the border of Lawndale
  • The television show The O.C. used the beach and pier as a key filming location.[86]
  • As of 2009 the television show Dexter filmed scenes at the Redondo Pier.
  • The television show 24 used the AES power plant in filming many scenes.
  • The television show CSI: Miami has been filmed in Redondo Beach.
  • The television show 90210 was filmed in the Riviera Village neighborhood of Redondo Beach.[87]
  • Three seasons of the television series Riptide were filmed in King Harbor.
  • The television show Even Stevens filmed mall episodes at Redondo Beach's South Bay Galleria. They also used Aviation High School's track field for its outside gym scenes.
  • The '90s television show California Dreams is set in Redondo Beach.
  • The first-season episode of Star Trek: The Original Series titled "Operation -- Annihilate!" included scenes of the planet Deneva, which were filmed at the TRW headquarters in Redondo Beach.[88]
  • TruTV's show Speeders has made a few appearances in Redondo Beach.
  • Extreme Makeover: Home Edition rebuilt a house for the Ripatti-Pearce family who reside in Redondo Beach.

Film

Sister cities

References

  1. ↑ "California Cities by Incorporation Date". California Association of Local Agency Formation Commissions. Archived from the original (Word) on February 21, 2013. Retrieved August 25, 2014.
  2. ↑ "About Redondo Beach". City of Redondo Beach. Retrieved July 21, 2017.
  3. 1 2 "The Mayor and City Council of the City of Redondo Beach". City of Redondo Beach. Retrieved December 16, 2014.
  4. ↑ "City Treasurer's". City of Redondo Beach. Retrieved January 26, 2015.
  5. ↑ "The City Clerk's Office". City of Redondo Beach. Retrieved January 13, 2015.
  6. ↑ "2019 U.S. Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved July 1, 2020.
  7. ↑ "Redondo Beach". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey, United States Department of the Interior. Retrieved December 16, 2014.
  8. 1 2 3 "Redondo Beach (city), California". Redondo Beach (city) QuickFacts. United States Census Bureau. Retrieved December 26, 2021.
  9. ↑ "USPS - ZIP Code Lookup - Find a ZIP+ 4 Code By City Results". Retrieved January 18, 2007.
  10. ↑ "Number Administration System - NPA and City/Town Search Results". Archived from the original on February 14, 2012. Retrieved January 18, 2007.
  11. ↑ Lacey, Marc (April 17, 1992). "An Urban Oasis : Surrounded by condos sits a place the Chowigna Indians once used as a lookout spot. Today, people go there for an escape". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved March 15, 2014.
  12. ↑ Brand, Bill. ""Heart Park" Restoring Redondo Beach" (PDF). The Foggy View, Supplement to the March 2005 Southern Sierran, Sierra Club Palos Verdes - South Bay Group / Angeles Chapter. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 16, 2014. Retrieved March 15, 2014.
  13. 1 2 "SOUTH BAY HISTORY: Redondo Beach's salt lake". San Jose Mercury News. May 20, 2010. Retrieved March 15, 2014.
  14. ↑ "AES Power Plant Informational Brief" (PDF). Building a Better Redondo. July 6, 2011. Archived from the original (PDF) on November 26, 2013. Retrieved June 16, 2013.
  15. ↑ "Welcome to the Redondo Beach Historical Museum: A self-guided tour". redondo.org. Retrieved August 22, 2017.
  16. ↑ "Swimming Pools at the Beach? When L.A. Took the Plunge". PBS SoCal. July 18, 2013.
  17. ↑ AES Dune & Wetland Restoration, South Bay Park Land Conservancy (2023). "South Bay Park Land Conservancy, AES Dune & Wetland Restoration".
  18. ↑ Brand, Bill. ""Heart Park" Restoring Redondo Beach" (PDF). The Foggy View, Supplement to the March 2005 Southern Sierran, Sierra Club Palos Verdes - South Bay Group / Angeles Chapter. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 16, 2014. Retrieved March 15, 2014.
  19. ↑ Dillon, Liam; Campa, Andrew J. (November 14, 2022). "Crude emails reveal nasty side of a California beach city's crusade to halt growth". Los Angeles Times.
  20. 1 2 3 4 "Crude emails reveal nasty side of a California beach city's crusade to halt growth". Los Angeles Times. November 14, 2022. more than half of Redondo Beach's residents are white, nearly double the rate of the L.A. area, per U.S. census data.
  21. ↑ Cody, Kevin (April 22, 2021). "Redondo acts to stop State from allowing "single-family home lot becoming six on a lot"". Easy Reader News.
  22. 1 2 Service, City News (April 1, 2022). "4 Cities Sue to Stop New California Law Permitting More Homes in Single-Family Neighborhoods". Times of San Diego. Four Southern California cities, led by wealthy Redondo Beach,
  23. ↑ Bach, Trevor (August 9, 2023). "YIMBY Law Files Builder's Remedy Suit Against Redondo Beach". The Real Deal. Retrieved September 2, 2023.
  24. ↑ Bach, Trevor (May 12, 2023). "Redondo Beach Again Denies Builder's Remedy Project". The Real Deal. Retrieved September 2, 2023.
  25. ↑ Hubler, Shawn (March 22, 1990) "Tempers Rise When Redondo Beach Council Talks About Height Limits" Los Angeles Times
  26. ↑ "NOWData - NOAA Online Weather Data". NOAA. Retrieved June 11, 2022.
  27. ↑ "Census of Population and Housing". Census.gov. Retrieved June 4, 2015.
  28. 1 2 Dillon, Liam; Campa, Andrew (November 14, 2022). "Crude emails reveal nasty side of a California beach city's crusade to halt growth". Los Angeles Times. Nevertheless, like its neighboring coastal communities, Redondo Beach has become one of the most exclusionary cities in Los Angeles, according to a recent study by the Washington, D.C.-based Urban Institute, which found that Redondo Beach has had limited housing production despite intense demand to live there. Redondo Beach's median home value of $1.4 million is nearly 60% higher than L.A.'s regional average and 44% more than it was five years ago, according to real estate firm Zillow. And more than half of Redondo Beach's residents are white, nearly double the rate of the L.A. area, per U.S. census data.
  29. ↑ "2010 Census Interactive Population Search: CA - Redondo Beach city". U.S. Census Bureau. Archived from the original on July 15, 2014. Retrieved July 12, 2014.
  30. ↑ "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 31, 2008.
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