| Reed parrotbill | |
|---|---|
 | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Aves |
| Order: | Passeriformes |
| Family: | Paradoxornithidae |
| Genus: | Paradoxornis |
| Species: | P. heudei |
| Binomial name | |
| Paradoxornis heudei (David, A, 1872) | |
| Synonyms | |
|
Calamornis heudei | |
The reed parrotbill (Paradoxornis heudei) is a species of bird in the family Paradoxornithidae. It is found in Manchuria and eastern China and the Russian Far East. It is threatened by habitat loss.
The northern subspecies P. h. polivanovi is sometimes regarded as a separate species, the northern parrotbill.
Description
The reed parrotbill species is known to have significantly short, wide, and deep bills.[2] The reed parrotbill is the only parrotbill to change its appearance based on whether it's in breeding season. In winter, non-breeding season, the reed parrotbill has a pinkish-cream and ash-gray forehead and neck.[3] This species has streaks of black and warm brown from above its eyes to the tip of its head.[3] The region between its eyes and bill is a little whiter than its forehead.[3] The reed parrotbill has a white-tinted stripe that runs from the base of the bird's beak above its eye, and finishes somewhere towards the rear of the bird's head.[3] Its ears are a similar color to its crown, also known as the top of its head.[3] They have different colored streaks on their body which include black and brown.[3] The streaks become blacker the further down the body.[3] In summer, breeding season, the top of the birds head to the feathers in the upper middle of the back below the neck feathers, are a bluish-gray.[3] The lower end of the feathers are more of a dark chestnut.[3] Their ears are slightly paler, and the sides are a lighter chestnut color than they are in non-breeding season.[3]
Habitat
Reed parrotbills are native to East Asia.[2] Their habitat is known as a reedbed, which is a very wet area of reed plants between water and land.[3] Reed parrotbills rely on reedbeds because it is their natural environment that is home to both their water and food.[3] Recently, the population of this species has been declining due to degradation of reedbeds in their environment. This habitat loss has detrimentally affected the population of reed parrotbills.[4] because it's in the Paradoxornithidae family.
Diet
Reed parrotbills feed on insects, including pancake-shaped insects known as Alceridae.[3] Reed parrotbills cut through reed stems with their bills to obtain food inside, and make very loud noises while doing so.[3] They lack the hind part of the stomach that is responsible for grinding food.[3] Reed parrotbills have a difficult time digesting hard food items because they lack the gizzard muscle.[3]
Breeding
Reed parrotbill are occasionally multi-brooded meaning they raise multiple broods a season.[5] Their first laying season occurs from the middle of May to the middle of July.[5] The second occurs from the middle of July to the middle of August.[5] The third season is from the middle of August to the middle of September.[5] They are typically found in pairs during breeding season.[3] They breed mainly in the summer and in their thick nests located in China.[4] However, their habitats are being taken away because of the re-development in China which causes them to have a loss of ecosystem.[4] This directly connects to their breeding, and has caused it to decline.[4]
Conservation status
The reed parrotbill species is predicted to decline rapidly as a result of degradation of their habitat.[2] They are not threatened globally, it's considered "near threatened".[3] The main threats to their species are associated with clearance of reedbeds and over-harvesting reeds.[3] The population trend is decreasing fast, and there is a continuing decline of mature individuals.[4]
References
- ↑ BirdLife International (2012). "Paradoxornis heudei". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2012. Retrieved 26 November 2013.
- 1 2 3 Xiong, Li-Hu; Lu, Jian-Jian (March 2013). "Exploitation of Reedbeds by Specialist Passerines: Reed Parrotbill and Oriental Reed Warbler". The Wilson Journal of Ornithology. 125 (1): 165–173. doi:10.1676/12-040.1. ISSN 1559-4491. S2CID 86071330.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 Robson, Craig (2021). "Reed Parrotbill (Calamornis heudei), version 1.1". Birds of the World. doi:10.2173/bow.reepar3.01.1. S2CID 242146504. Archived from the original on 24 October 2022. Retrieved 24 October 2022.
- 1 2 3 4 5 "Reed Parrotbill". Red List. Archived from the original on 15 May 2023. Retrieved 20 December 2023.
- 1 2 3 4 BOULORD, ANTHONY; MEI, ZHANG; TIAN-HOU, WANG; XIAO-MING, WANG; JIGUET, FRÉDÉRIC (September 2012). "Reproductive success of the threatened Reed Parrotbill Paradoxornis heudei in non-harvested and harvested reedbeds in the Yangtze River estuary, China". Bird Conservation International. 22 (3): 339–347. doi:10.1017/S0959270911000384. ProQuest 1041966616.
- Robson, C. (2007). Family Paradoxornithidae (Parrotbills) pp. 292 – 321 in; del Hoyo, J., Elliott, A. & Christie, D.A. eds. Handbook of the Birds of the World, Vol. 12. Picathartes to Tits and Chickadees. Lynx Edicions, Montreal.