The Earl of Clanwilliam
The Earl of Clanwilliam
Born(1832-10-03)3 October 1832
Died4 August 1907(1907-08-04) (aged 74)
Badgemore House, Henley-on-Thames
Buried
Wilton, Wiltshire
Allegiance United Kingdom
Service/branch Royal Navy
Years of service1845-1902
RankAdmiral of the Fleet
Commands heldHMS Tribune
HMS Hercules
Steamship reserve at Portsmouth
Flying Squadron
North America and West Indies Station
Portsmouth Command
Battles/warsCrimean War
Second Opium War
AwardsKnight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath
Knight Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George
The memorial to Richard James Meade, Chapel of the Old Naval College, Greenwich

Admiral of the Fleet Richard James Meade, 4th Earl of Clanwilliam GCB KCMG (3 October 1832 – 4 August 1907), styled Lord Gillford until 1879, was a Royal Navy officer. As a junior officer, he served at the Battle of Escape Creek and at the Battle of Fatshan Creek during the campaign against Chinese pirates. He also took part in the Battle of Canton, where he was severely wounded, during the Second Opium War.

As a senior officer Meade went on to be commander of the Steamship reserve at Portsmouth, commander of the Flying Squadron and Commander-in-Chief, North America and West Indies Station. His last appointment was as Commander-in-Chief, Portsmouth.

Early career

The Battle of Fatshan Creek during the campaign against Chinese pirates

Born the eldest son of Richard Meade, 3rd Earl of Clanwilliam and Lady Elizabeth Herbert (daughter of George Herbert, 11th Earl of Pembroke), Meade was educated at Eton College and joined the Royal Navy in November 1845.[1] Promoted to lieutenant on 15 September 1852, Meade was appointed to the frigate HMS Impérieuse in which he served in the Baltic Sea during the Crimean War.[2] He transferred to the frigate HMS Raleigh in September 1856 bound for China and, although the ship was wrecked near Hong Kong, all the crew survived.[2] He served under Commodore Charles Elliot at the Battle of Escape Creek in May 1857 and under Commodore Henry Keppel at the Battle of Fatshan Creek in June 1857 during the campaign against Chinese pirates.[2]

Meade transferred to the second-rate HMS Calcutta, flagship of the Commander-in-Chief, East Indies Station, in August 1857 and, having landed with the naval brigade, took part in the Battle of Canton in December 1857 during the Second Opium War: he was severely wounded in the left arm by a bullet fired from a gingal.[3] He was mentioned in dispatches, promoted to commander on 26 February 1858[4] and transferred to the sloop HMS Hornet later that month.[3]

Promoted to captain on 22 July 1859, Meade became commanding officer of the corvette HMS Tribune on the Pacific Station in 1862 and commanding officer of the battleship HMS Hercules in the Channel Fleet in 1868.[3] He was appointed an aide-de-camp to the Queen and became commanding officer of the steamship reserve at Portsmouth in 1872.[3]

Senior command

The frigate HMS Inconstant, Meade's flagship as Commander of the Flying Squadron

Meade became Junior Naval Lord in the Second Disraeli ministry in May 1874 and, having been promoted to rear admiral on 31 December 1876,[5] was appointed a Companion of the Order of the Bath on 2 June 1877.[6] He succeeded to his father's titles in October 1879 and was elevated to Second Naval Lord in the same ministry in December 1879 where he sat until the Government fell in May 1880.[3] He became commander of the Flying Squadron, with his flag in the frigate HMS Inconstant in August 1880, and was promoted to vice-admiral on 26 July 1881.[7] However, while the squadron was in port at Sydney on 22 July, he "suffered a fainting fit, the attack resembling paralysis."[8] The effects were severe enough to delay the departure of the squadron, planned for 24 July, to 10 August.[9][10]

A Vanity Fair caricature showing the Earl of Clanwilliam

Meade was appointed a Knight Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George on 3 March 1882[11] and became Commander-in-Chief, North America and West Indies Station, with his flag in the central battery ship HMS Bellerophon, in August 1885.[3] Promoted to full admiral on 22 June 1886,[12] he was advanced to Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath on 21 June 1887.[13]

Meade was appointed a commissioner of the Royal Patriotic Fund Corporation in 1888 and became Commander-in-Chief, Portsmouth in June 1891.[3] Promoted to Admiral of the Fleet on 20 February 1895,[14] he was advanced to Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath on 25 May 1895.[15]

He retired in October 1902[16] and died at his home, Badgemore House, near Henley-on-Thames from pneumonia on 4 August 1907.[3] He was buried at the family vault at Wilton, Wiltshire and his titles passed to his eldest surviving son, Arthur.[3]

Memorials

A memorial to Meade stands in the entrance lobby of the chapel at the Old Royal Naval College in Greenwich, south-east London.[17]

Family

On 17 June 1867 Meade married Elizabeth Kennedy (the eldest daughter of Sir Arthur Kennedy); they had four sons and four daughters:[3][18]

References

  1. ↑ "Meade, Richard James, fourth earl of Clanwilliam (1832–1907)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/34968. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  2. 1 2 3 Heathcote, p. 170
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Heathcote, p. 171
  4. ↑ "No. 22104". The London Gazette. 26 February 1858. p. 1028.
  5. ↑ "No. 24400". The London Gazette. 2 January 1877. p. 5.
  6. ↑ "No. 24467". The London Gazette. 2 June 1877. p. 3497.
  7. ↑ "No. 25000". The London Gazette. 29 July 1881. p. 3740.
  8. ↑ "Illness of the Earl of Clanwilliam". The Argus. Melbourne. 23 July 1881. p. 9. Retrieved 1 January 2020.
  9. ↑ "The Detached Squadron". The Sydney Morning Herald. Sydney. 9 August 1881. p. 5. Retrieved 1 January 2020.
  10. ↑ "The Detached Squadron". The Sydney Morning Herald. Sydney. 11 August 1881. p. 5. Retrieved 1 January 2020.
  11. ↑ "No. 25080". The London Gazette. 3 March 1882. p. 976.
  12. ↑ "No. 25600". The London Gazette. 25 June 1886. p. 3033.
  13. ↑ "No. 25712". The London Gazette. 21 June 1887. p. 3361.
  14. ↑ "No. 26601". The London Gazette. 22 February 1895. p. 1066.
  15. ↑ "No. 26628". The London Gazette. 25 May 1895. p. 3079.
  16. ↑ "No. 27483". The London Gazette. 17 October 1902. p. 6568.
  17. ↑ "Admiral of the Fleet Richard James – ORNC Chapel, Greenwich, London, UK". Way marking. Retrieved 22 July 2015.
  18. ↑ Whitaker′s Peerage, 1907
  19. ↑ "Herbert Mead". Dreadnought project. Retrieved 20 January 2019.
  20. ↑ "Court Circular". The Times. No. 36945. London. 8 December 1902. p. 9.

Sources

  • Heathcote, Tony (2002). The British Admirals of the Fleet 1734 – 1995. Pen & Sword Ltd. ISBN 0-85052-835-6.
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