Rina Natan | |
|---|---|
רינה נתן | |
 | |
| Born | September 8, 1923 Siegen, Germany |
| Died | August 13, 1979 (aged 55) |
Rina Natan (Hebrew: רינה נתן; September 8, 1923 – August 13, 1979) was the first known Israeli transgender woman.
Biography
Natan was born male on September 8, 1923, in the town of Siegen in Germany, to a wealthy Jewish family. As a child she excelled in music and art. Beginning as a child, she used to wear women's clothing. During World War II, she stayed for a period of time in France, where she learned agriculture. She moved to Palestine in 1946. In Palestine she moved between the Kibbutzes Ma'agan Michael, Ashdot Ya'akov, and Na'an. During the 1948 Arab-Israeli war she served in the army as a paramedic, but after her release she struggled to find a job, and therefore rejoined the army.
In the beginning of 1953, Natan's name made headlines after she was arrested by the police, under suspicions that she was wearing women's clothing for criminal intent. Natan explained to the police officers, as reported by the newspaper Haaretz: "I am a woman in my soul and in my emotions, and only for a physiological error I was born a man". In the years following she returned to the headlines for another arrest by the police,[lower-alpha 1] a hunger strike which she did in an endeavor to receive a permit for a gender-reassignment surgery.
Natan claimed initially that she was born with both male and female sexual organs – meaning, she was intersex.[1] Surgeries had already been performed on intersex people in Israel, although in fall 1954 Natan was checked by a committee of doctors who said that she was not intersex.
In her efforts to be permitted to undergo gender reassignment surgery, she began harming herself. A doctor committee on behalf of the ministry of health recommended to comply with her request and allow her to undergo surgery, although the Attorney General of Israel at the time, Haim Cohn, refused the recommendation towards the end of 1954. In the wake of her recurring self-harm, she was reluctantly forced to receive testosterone injections. She resumed her battle, and on May 25, 1956 she arrived to a hospital bleeding and squirming in pain, after she had cut her penis. The "Herut" newspaper reported she smiled at the horrified doctors, and said:
"Nothing will be of help this time, and you will have to perform surgery on me, take away the unnecessary organs, and make me a woman."
Given the danger to her life, the doctors performed the surgery, and Natan became the first transsexual woman in Israel – undergoing sex reassignment surgery out of her own will. Following the surgery Natan received a new ID, in which her name was changed to Rina and her sex was changed to female, although in her passport the sex remained male. In November 1958, she left Israel to Zürich in Switzerland. Eventually, she made her way to Mannheim where she lived until January 1961, before moving to Saarbrücken and marrying 65-year-old businessman Willy Benjamin Knäbel in July 1961. Knäbel died in 1971 and Nathan died at the age of 56 in 1971.[2] The death certificate indicates that she had converted to Catholicism during her years in Germany.[3]
See also
Notes
- ↑ The arrest was due to "breach of public order"', and after no clause was found that could indict her for wearing women's clothing, it was decided to release her.
References
- ↑ "This World", edition 806, from April 2, 1953 (translated): "The story begins about 29 years ago in the city of Siegen, near Bonn, in Germany, when was born the person whom the nature equipped with sex organs of both sexes, undeveloped in a sufficient way... although his parents decided to raise him as a boy. It could be that this was decided by the consideration that his masculine qualities were more conspicuous than the feminine ones."
- ↑ Gil Engelstein & Iris Rachamimov (2019) "Crossing borders and demolishing boundaries: the connected history of the Israeli transgender community 1953–1986," Journal of Modern Jewish Studies, 18:2, 142-159
- ↑ “Sterbekunde Rina Nathan-Knäbel,” Landeshauptstadt Saarbrücken- Saarbrücker Standesamt 1544/1979.
Further reading
- Avner Shapira, "Pioneering Pride: The Unsung Heroes of Israel's LGBT Community", Haaretz, June 6, 2013
- Kristof Steiner, "A timeline of Israel's LGBTQ progression", Timeout, August 30, 2017
- "Transgender History Lesson", from the website "A Wider Bridge"
- Gil Engelstein & Iris Rachamimov (2019) "Crossing borders and demolishing boundaries: the connected history of the Israeli transgender community 1953–1986," Journal of Modern Jewish Studies, 18:2, 142-159 doi:10.1080/14725886.2019.1593696. ISSN 1472-5886. S2CID 150697999.