Ringsaker Municipality
Ringsaker kommune
Municipality
View of the lake Mjøsa in Ringsaker
View of the lake Mjøsa in Ringsaker
Flag of Ringsaker Municipality
Flag
Coat of arms of Ringsaker Municipality
Coat of arms
Innlandet within Norway
Innlandet within Norway
Ringsaker within Innlandet
Ringsaker within Innlandet
Coordinates: 61°1′27″N 10°48′7″E / 61.02417°N 10.80194°E / 61.02417; 10.80194
CountryNorway
CountyInnlandet
DistrictHedmarken
Established1 Jan 1838
Administrative centreBrumunddal
Government
 • Mayor (2007)Anita Ihle Steen (Ap)
Area
 • Total1,280.08 km2 (494.24 sq mi)
 • Land1,122.55 km2 (433.42 sq mi)
 • Water157.53 km2 (60.82 sq mi)  12.3%
 • Rank#77 in Norway
Population
 (2022)
 • Total35,073
 • Rank#30 in Norway
 • Density31.2/km2 (81/sq mi)
 • Change (10 years)
Increase +5.7%
DemonymRingsaksokning[1]
Official language
[2]
 • Norwegian formBokmål
Time zoneUTC+01:00 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+02:00 (CEST)
ISO 3166 codeNO-3411[3]
WebsiteOfficial website
Data from Statistics Norway

Ringsakerⓘ is a municipality in Innlandet county, Norway. It is located in the traditional district of Hedemarken. The administrative centre of the municipality is the town of Brumunddal. Other settlements in Ringsaker include the town of Moelv and the villages of Furnes, Kvål, Kylstad, Mesnali, Nydal, Rudshøgda, Stavsjø, Tingnes, and Byflaten.

The 1,280-square-kilometre (490 sq mi) municipality is the 77th largest by area out of the 356 municipalities in Norway. Ringsaker is the 30th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 35,073. The municipality's population density is 31.2 inhabitants per square kilometre (81/sq mi) and its population has increased by 5.7% over the previous 10-year period.[4][5]

General information

Ringsaker from Høsbjør mountain
Looking towards Tingnes from Helgøya

The municipality of Ringsaker was established on 1 January 1838 (see formannskapsdistrikt law).[6]

During the 1960s, there were many municipal mergers across Norway due to the work of the Schei Committee. On 1 January 1964, the municipality of Ringsaker (population: 16,490) was merged with the neighboring municipalities of Furnes (population: 7,288) and Nes (population: 4,184) plus the Hamarsberget and Vikersødegården exclave areas of the municipality of Vang (population: 34) to create the new, larger municipality of Ringsaker. On 1 January 1965, a part of Ringsaker (population: 100) was transferred to the neighboring Hamar Municipality. On 1 January 1967 there was a municipal land swap between Vang and Ringsaker municipalities. The 500-decare (120-acre) Stav, Valsigsvea, and Arnkvern Nedre areas of Vang (population: 50) was transferred to Ringsaker Municipality and the 450-decare (110-acre) Stensby and Holmlund areas of Ringsaker (population: 114) was transferred to Vang.[6]

On 1 January 1992, the parts of the Stensby, Hanstad, Viker, and Stammerud areas of Ringsaker (population: 224) were transferred to the neighboring Hamar Municipality.[6]

Name

The municipality (originally the parish) is named after the old Ringsaker farm (Old Norse: Ringisakr or Hringisakr) since the first Ringsaker Church was built there. The first element is the genitive case of ringir or ringi which has an unknown meaning. One possibility is that Ringir or Hringir ('Lord of the Ring') may have been an epithet or alias for the Norse god Ullr, based on a ceremony mentioned in the poem Atlakviða where an oath is sworn by hringi Ullar ('the ring of Ullr'). The last element is akr which means "acre" or "field".[7]

Coat of arms

The coat of arms was granted on 1 February 1985. The official blazon is "Gules, an moose statant argent" (Norwegian: I rødt en stående sølv elg). This means the arms have a red field (background) and the charge is a moose. The moose has a tincture of argent which means it is commonly colored white, but if it is made out of metal, then silver is used. The moose design is inspired by the pre-historic cave paintings found at the Stein farm in Ringsaker, indicating the early inhabitation of the area. The arms were designed by Arne Løvstad. The municipal flag has the same design as the coat of arms.[8][9][10]

Churches

Ringsaker Church
Nes Church

The Church of Norway has six parishes (sokn) within the municipality of Ringsaker. The municipality makes up all of the Ringsaker prosti (deanery) within the Diocese of Hamar.

Churches in Ringsaker
Parish (sokn)Church nameLocation of the churchYear built
Brumunddal/VeldreBrumunddal ChurchBrumunddal1965
Veldre ChurchByflaten2000
BrøttumBrøttum ChurchBrøttum1790
Mesnali ChurchMesnali1933
FurnesFurnes ChurchFurnes1707
NesHelgøya ChurchHelgøya1870
Nes ChurchTingnes1250
Stavsjø ChurchStavsjø1880
RingsakerRingsaker ChurchMoelv1100s
ÅsmarkaÅsmarka ChurchÅsmarka1859

Geography

Ringsaker is located on the east side of the lake Mjøsa, the largest lake in Norway. It borders the municipality of Lillehammer to the northwest; the municipalities of Øyer, Stor-Elvdal, and Åmot to the north; Hamar Municipality to the east; the municipalities of Stange and Østre Toten to the south; and Gjøvik Municipality to the west.

Ringsaker is situated in an agricultural and lumbering region. Ringsaker lies in the traditional district of Hedmarken which consists largely of rolling agricultural terrain, hilly green mountains, and pine forests. The Hedmarksvidda plateau is in the upper parts of the municipality. The rivers Brumunda, Flakstadelva, and Moelva all flow through the municipality.

The principal urban centers in Ringsaker include the towns of Brumunddal and Moelv.

Climate

Ringsaker has a humid continental climate (Dfb by the Köppen-Geiger system), with fairly dry and cold winters and pleasant summers. The driest month is February, and the wettest is August. In February 1996, a low of −31.4 °C (−24.5 °F)) was recorded. The all-time high is 33.5 °C (92.3 °F)) from July 2014. The Kise weather station has been recording since April 1951.

Climate data for Kise 1991-2020 (128 m)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) −1.6
(29.1)		 −1.2
(29.8)		 3.8
(38.8)		 9.4
(48.9)		 15.1
(59.2)		 19.2
(66.6)		 21.6
(70.9)		 20.3
(68.5)		 15.5
(59.9)		 8.7
(47.7)		 3.3
(37.9)		 −6
(21)		 9.0
(48.2)
Daily mean °C (°F) −4.9
(23.2)		 −5.1
(22.8)		 −1
(30)		 4
(39)		 9.4
(48.9)		 13.7
(56.7)		 16.3
(61.3)		 15.2
(59.4)		 11
(52)		 5.4
(41.7)		 0.7
(33.3)		 −3.6
(25.5)		 5.1
(41.2)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) −8.9
(16.0)		 −9
(16)		 −5.2
(22.6)		 −0.3
(31.5)		 4.6
(40.3)		 8.9
(48.0)		 11.5
(52.7)		 10.7
(51.3)		 7
(45)		 2.2
(36.0)		 −1.9
(28.6)		 −6.8
(19.8)		 1.1
(34.0)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 46.6
(1.83)		 24.5
(0.96)		 26.3
(1.04)		 31.4
(1.24)		 54.3
(2.14)		 67.9
(2.67)		 72.3
(2.85)		 85.3
(3.36)		 57.8
(2.28)		 56.5
(2.22)		 49.5
(1.95)		 35.8
(1.41)		 608.2
(23.95)
Source: NOAA-WMO averages 91-2020 Norway [11]

Economy

Ringsaker's main industries are agriculture, forestry, and diversified manufacturing. The area of Sjusjøen has a relatively large amount of holiday cottages that are especially attractive for outdoor sports including cross-country skiing vacations.

Government

Ringsaker Municipality is responsible for primary education (through 10th grade), outpatient health services, senior citizen services, welfare and other social services, zoning, economic development, and municipal roads and utilities. The municipality is governed by a municipal council of directly elected representatives. The mayor is indirectly elected by a vote of the municipal council.[12] The municipality is under the jurisdiction of the Østre Innlandet District Court and the Eidsivating Court of Appeal.

Municipal council

The municipal council (Kommunestyre) of Ringsaker is made up of 39 representatives that are elected to four year terms. The tables below show the current and historical composition of the council by political party.

Ringsaker kommunestyre 2019–2023 [13]  
Party name (in Norwegian)Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 18
  Progress Party (Fremskrittspartiet) 2
  Green Party (Miljøpartiet De Grønne) 1
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 3
  Pensioners' Party (Pensjonistpartiet) 2
  Red Party (Rødt) 1
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 10
  Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti) 1
 Ringsaker List (Ringsaklista)1
Total number of members:39
Ringsaker kommunestyre 2015–2019 [14][15]  
Party name (in Norwegian)Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 21
  Progress Party (Fremskrittspartiet) 2
  Green Party (Miljøpartiet De Grønne) 1
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 4
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 1
  Pensioners' Party (Pensjonistpartiet) 2
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 5
  Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti) 1
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 1
 Ringsaker List (Ringsaklista)3
Total number of members:41
Ringsaker kommunestyre 2011–2015 [16]  
Party name (in Norwegian)Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 21
  Progress Party (Fremskrittspartiet) 2
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 6
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 1
  Pensioners' Party (Pensjonistpartiet) 1
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 3
  Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti) 1
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 2
 Ringsaker List (Ringsakerlista)4
Total number of members:41
Ringsaker kommunestyre 2007–2011 [15]  
Party name (in Norwegian)Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 16
  Progress Party (Fremskrittspartiet) 4
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 4
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 1
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 4
  Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti) 3
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 3
 Ringsaker List (Ringsaklista)6
Total number of members:41
Ringsaker kommunestyre 2003–2007 [15]  
Party name (in Norwegian)Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 20
  Progress Party (Fremskrittspartiet) 4
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 4
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 1
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 6
  Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti) 5
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 1
Total number of members:41
Ringsaker kommunestyre 1999–2003 [15][17]  
Party name (in Norwegian)Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 30
  Progress Party (Fremskrittspartiet) 5
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 8
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 3
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 8
  Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti) 6
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 1
Total number of members:61
Ringsaker kommunestyre 1995–1999 [18]  
Party name (in Norwegian)Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 35
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 7
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 2
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 12
  Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti) 4
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 1
Total number of members:61
Ringsaker kommunestyre 1991–1995 [19]  
Party name (in Norwegian)Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 29
  Progress Party (Fremskrittspartiet) 1
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 8
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 2
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 11
  Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti) 10
Total number of members:61
Ringsaker kommunestyre 1987–1991 [20]  
Party name (in Norwegian)Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 37
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 11
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 2
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 7
  Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti) 4
Total number of members:61
Ringsaker kommunestyre 1983–1987 [21]  
Party name (in Norwegian)Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 37
  Progress Party (Fremskrittspartiet) 2
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 9
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 2
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 7
  Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti) 3
 Freely elected representatives (Frie Folkevalgte)1
Total number of members:61
Ringsaker kommunestyre 1979–1983 [22]  
Party name (in Norwegian)Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 37
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 10
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 2
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 9
  Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti) 2
 Freely elected representatives (Frie Folkevalgte)1
Total number of members:61
Ringsaker kommunestyre 1975–1979 [23]  
Party name (in Norwegian)Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 38
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 6
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 3
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 10
  Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti) 2
  Joint list of the Liberal Party (Venstre) and
New People's Party (Nye Folkepartiet)		 1
 Politically independent (Politisk Uavhengige)1
Total number of members:61
Ringsaker kommunestyre 1971–1975 [24]  
Party name (in Norwegian)Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 39
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 6
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 2
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 11
  Local List(s) (Lokale lister) 3
Total number of members:61
Ringsaker kommunestyre 1967–1971 [25]  
Party name (in Norwegian)Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 40
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 6
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 1
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 10
  Socialist People's Party (Sosialistisk Folkeparti) 2
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 2
Total number of members:61
Ringsaker kommunestyre 1963–1967 [26]  
Party name (in Norwegian)Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 40
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 7
  Communist Party (Kommunistiske Parti) 1
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 2
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 9
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 2
Total number of members:61
Ringsaker herredsstyre 1959–1963 [27]  
Party name (in Norwegian)Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 32
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 4
  Communist Party (Kommunistiske Parti) 2
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 2
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 8
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 3
Total number of members:51
Ringsaker herredsstyre 1955–1959 [28]  
Party name (in Norwegian)Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 33
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 5
  Communist Party (Kommunistiske Parti) 2
  Farmers' Party (Bondepartiet) 8
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 3
Total number of members:51
Ringsaker herredsstyre 1951–1955 [29]  
Party name (in Norwegian)Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 32
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 6
  Communist Party (Kommunistiske Parti) 2
  Farmers' Party (Bondepartiet) 8
Total number of members:48
Ringsaker herredsstyre 1947–1951 [30]  
Party name (in Norwegian)Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 30
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 5
  Communist Party (Kommunistiske Parti) 3
  Farmers' Party (Bondepartiet) 7
  Joint list of the Liberal Party (Venstre) and the Radical People's Party (Radikale Folkepartiet) 1
  Joint List(s) of Non-Socialist Parties (Borgerlige Felleslister) 2
Total number of members:48
Ringsaker herredsstyre 1945–1947 [31]  
Party name (in Norwegian)Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 30
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 2
  Communist Party (Kommunistiske Parti) 5
  Farmers' Party (Bondepartiet) 3
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 1
  Joint List(s) of Non-Socialist Parties (Borgerlige Felleslister) 7
Total number of members:48
Ringsaker herredsstyre 1937–1940* [32]  
Party name (in Norwegian)Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 28
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 4
  Farmers' Party (Bondepartiet) 7
  Joint list of Liberal Party and Small farm-holders
(Venstre og Småbrukere)		 1
  Joint List(s) of Non-Socialist Parties (Borgerlige Felleslister) 2
  Local List(s) (Lokale lister) 6
Total number of members:48
Note: Due to the German occupation of Norway during World War II, no elections were held for new municipal councils until after the war ended in 1945.

Mayors

The mayors of Ringsaker (incomplete list):

  • 1861-1867: August Konow
  • 1877-1883: Even Larsen Glestad (V)
  • 1901-1901: Thore Røhr
  • 1914-1919: Axel Krogvig
  • 1928-1928: Karl Røhrsveen (Bp)
  • 1929-1931: Karsten Fonstad (Ap)
  • 1932-1941: Karl Østvold (Ap)
  • 1941-1942: Oskar Kjonerud (NS)
  • 1942-1945: Anders Rud (NS)
  • 1945-1964: Karl Østvold (Ap)
  • 1965-1981: Peder Esbjørnsen (Ap)
  • 1982-1991: Magne Johansen (Ap)
  • 1991-2007: Thor Lillehovde (Ap)
  • 2007–present: Anita Ihle Steen (Ap)

History

Number of minorities (1st and 2nd generation) in Ringsker by country of origin in 2017[33]
AncestryNumber
 Poland555
 Lithuania233
 Vietnam186
 Somalia140
 Sweden118
 Germany116
 Estonia109
 Thailand106
 Latvia93
 Denmark90
 Netherlands88
 Bulgaria85

Harald Hårfagre in 882

Ringsaker is first mentioned in King Harald Hårfagre's Saga, in the Heimskringla by Snorri Sturluson. The saga reports that Harald Hårfagre (872–930) was but ten years old when he succeeded his father (Halfdan the Black). After Halfdan the Black's death, many chiefs coveted the dominions he had left. Among these King Gandalf was the first; then Högne and Fróði, sons of King Eystein of Hedemark; and also King Hogne Karuson of Ringerike.

Hake, the son of Gandalf, led an expedition of 300 men against Vestfold. King Harald's army, led by Guthorm, met and fought a great battle, and King Harald was victorious, killing king Hake. Then King Harald turned back, but King Gandalf had come to Vestfold so they defeated him also. When the sons of King Eystein in Hedemark heard the news, they proposed to meet at Ringsaker in Hedemark with the remaining kings, Hogne Karuson and Herse Gudbrand. King Harald and Guthorm found out where the Oppland kings were meeting, and coming undetected at night, set fire to the houses in which Hogne Karuson and Herse Gudbrand slept. King Eystein's two sons and their men fought, but both Hogne and Frode died.

After the fall of these kings, King Harald had subdued Hedemark, Ringerike, Gudbrandsdal, Hadeland, Thoten, Romerike, and the whole northern part of Vingulmark. In addition, King Gandalf was slain, and King Harald took the whole of his kingdom as far south as the river Raum (Glomma).[34][35]

Saint Olaf in 1018

Ringsaker is again mentioned in a saga about 1018 when Olaf (later Saint Olaf) sent people to advise the Opplands that he was coming, as it was custom for the king to live as guest there every third year. In the autumn, he left Sarpsborg and went first to Vingulmark. He inquired about their Christianity, teaching some and punishing others. He went through that district, and on to Romerike. Christianity was weaker there and he punished all who had not obeyed his word. The king of Romerike proceeded to Ringsaker, to consult King Hrorek of Hedemark. They sent messages to King Gudrod of Gudbrandsdal, and to the King of Hadaland, inviting them to meet at Hedemark. The kings agreed to resist Olaf. They summoned the leaders from their kingdoms, and when they had assembled, the kings directed them to gather warriors. Most approved of the measure, but the kings were betrayed to Olav by Ketil Kavl of Ringanes (the southernmost district in Hedemark, Stange), who proceeded rapidly down lake Mjøsa to Eid, where Olaf was then located.

King Olaf, accompanied by 400 men, arrived at Ringsaker before the next day dawned. Ketil knew where the kings slept, and Olaf had all these houses surrounded. The kings were taken prisoners. King Hrorek's eyes were put out. King Gudrod's tongue was cut out. King Ring and two others were banished from Norway. King Olaf took possession of the land these kings had possessed, and after this Olaf alone bore the title of king in Norway.[34][35]

Sigurd of Røyr in 1163

Sigurd of Røyr, who was Haakon II's champion, lived at Røyr (Rør) in Ringsaker. He died at Re in 1163.[34][35]

Institutions

A SOS Children's Village has been planned for Ringsaker—Norway's second.[36]

Notable people

Public service

Jens Rynning
Thor Lillehovde, 2012

The arts

Sigrid Undset, 1928

Sport

References

  1. ↑ "Navn på steder og personer: Innbyggjarnamn" (in Norwegian). Språkrådet.
  2. ↑ "Forskrift om målvedtak i kommunar og fylkeskommunar" (in Norwegian). Lovdata.no.
  3. ↑ Bolstad, Erik; Thorsnæs, Geir, eds. (26 January 2023). "Kommunenummer". Store norske leksikon (in Norwegian). Kunnskapsforlaget.
  4. ↑ Statistisk sentralbyrå. "Table: 06913: Population 1 January and population changes during the calendar year (M)" (in Norwegian).
  5. ↑ Statistisk sentralbyrå. "09280: Area of land and fresh water (km²) (M)" (in Norwegian).
  6. 1 2 3 Jukvam, Dag (1999). Historisk oversikt over endringer i kommune- og fylkesinndelingen (PDF) (in Norwegian). Statistisk sentralbyrå. ISBN 9788253746845.
  7. ↑ Rygh, Oluf (1900). Norske gaardnavne: Hedmarkens amt (in Norwegian) (3 ed.). Kristiania, Norge: W. C. Fabritius & sønners bogtrikkeri. pp. 25–26.
  8. ↑ "Civic heraldry of Norway - Norske Kommunevåpen". Heraldry of the World. Retrieved 27 April 2023.
  9. ↑ "Ringsaker, Hedmark (Norway)". Flags of the World. Retrieved 27 April 2023.
  10. ↑ "Godkjenning av våpen og flagg". Lovdata.no (in Norwegian). Norges kommunal- og arbeidsdepartementet. 1 February 1985. Retrieved 27 April 2023.
  11. ↑ "NOAA WMO normals Norway 1991-2020".
  12. ↑ Hansen, Tore; Vabo, Signy Irene, eds. (20 September 2022). "kommunestyre". Store norske leksikon (in Norwegian). Kunnskapsforlaget. Retrieved 14 October 2022.
  13. ↑ "Kommunestyrevalg 2019 - Innlandet". Valgdirektoratet. Retrieved 4 April 2022.
  14. ↑ "Kommunestyrevalg 2015 - Hedmark". Valgdirektoratet.
  15. 1 2 3 4 "Table: 04813: Members of the local councils, by party/electoral list at the Municipal Council election (M)" (in Norwegian). Statistics Norway.
  16. ↑ "Kommunestyrevalg 2011 - Hedmark". Valgdirektoratet.
  17. ↑ "Kommunestyrevalget 1999" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo-Kongsvinger: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 2000.
  18. ↑ "Kommunestyrevalget 1995" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo-Kongsvinger: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1996.
  19. ↑ "Kommunestyrevalget 1991" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo-Kongsvinger: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1993.
  20. ↑ "Kommunestyrevalget 1987" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo-Kongsvinger: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1988.
  21. ↑ "Kommunestyrevalget 1983" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo-Kongsvinger: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1984.
  22. ↑ "Kommunestyrevalget 1979" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1979.
  23. ↑ "Kommunevalgene 1975" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1977.
  24. ↑ "Kommunevalgene 1972" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1973.
  25. ↑ "Kommunevalgene 1967" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1967.
  26. ↑ "Kommunevalgene 1963" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1964.
  27. ↑ "Kommunevalgene og Ordførervalgene 1959" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1960.
  28. ↑ "Kommunevalgene og Ordførervalgene 1955" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1957.
  29. ↑ "Kommunevalgene og Ordførervalgene 1951" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1952.
  30. ↑ "Kommunevalgene og Ordførervalgene 1947" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1948.
  31. ↑ "Kommunevalgene og Ordførervalgene 1945" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1947.
  32. ↑ "Kommunevalgene og Ordførervalgene 1937" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1938.
  33. ↑ "Immigrants and Norwegian-born to immigrant parents, by immigration category, country background and percentages of the population". ssb.no. Archived from the original on 2 July 2015. Retrieved 26 June 2017.
  34. 1 2 3 Stagg, Frank Noel (1956). East Norway and its Frontier. George Allen & Unwin, Ltd.
  35. 1 2 3 Sturluson, Snorri (c. 1225). Heimskringla (The Chronicle of the Kings of Norway) (in Norwegian).
  36. ↑ Astrid Øvre Helland (16 December 2013). "Har ikke plass til flere barn". Bergens Tidende.
  37. ↑ "Hovel Helseth". Store norske leksikon. Retrieved 10 July 2016.
  38. ↑ "Ole Rynning". Norsk biografisk leksikon. Retrieved 12 December 2018.
  39. ↑ Beyer, Edvard. "Tryggve Andersen". In Godal, Anne Marit (ed.). Store norske leksikon (in Norwegian). Oslo: Norsk nettleksikon. Retrieved 25 September 2014.
  40. ↑ Dahl, Willy. "Tryggve Andersen". In Helle, Knut (ed.). Norsk biografisk leksikon (in Norwegian). Oslo: Kunnskapsforlaget. Retrieved 25 September 2014.
  41. ↑ Svendsen, Trond Olav. "Ringsaker". In Godal, Anne Marit (ed.). Store norske leksikon (in Norwegian). Oslo: Norsk nettleksikon. Retrieved 25 September 2014.
  42. ↑ Hagen, Erik Bjerck. "Alf Prøysen". In Godal, Anne Marit (ed.). Store norske leksikon (in Norwegian). Oslo: Norsk nettleksikon. Retrieved 25 September 2014.
  43. ↑ IMDb Database retrieved 04 October 2020
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