Robert E. Murray
Robert Murray in 2019
Born
Robert Edward Murray

(1940-01-13)January 13, 1940
Martins Ferry, Ohio, U.S.
Died (aged 80)
St. Clairsville, Ohio, U.S.
Alma materOhio State University (BE)
OccupationBusiness executive
Political partyRepublican
SpouseBrenda Lou Moore
Children3

Robert Edward Murray (January 13, 1940 – October 25, 2020) was an American mining engineer and businessman. He founded and was the chief executive officer of Murray Energy, a mining corporation based in St. Clairsville, Ohio, until it filed for bankruptcy.[1] Murray was criticized for his denial of climate change,[2] his actions following the Crandall Canyon Mine collapse, and for several large SLAPP suits he initiated. Multiple allegations of sexual misconduct were brought against him in 2014 and 2016, which were later settled out of court.

Early life

Murray was born on January 13, 1940, in Martins Ferry, Ohio.[3] He said he lied about his age so he could work in a coal mine at the age of 16 and provide for his family, had experienced multiple mining accidents including a head injury from being struck by a steel beam, had a scar running from his head down his back from a separate accident, and once was trapped in a dark mine for 12 hours before being rescued.[4]

Murray was the valedictorian of the Bethesda High School class of 1957.[5] He received a Bachelor of Engineering in Mining from Ohio State University, and attended a six-week management program at Harvard Business School.[6]

Career

Murray began his mining career at the North American Coal Corporation (NACC). He served in a variety of capacities at NACC, winning election to vice president of operations in 1969. From 1974 to 1983, Murray was president of NACC's Western Division and presided over four of its subsidiaries in North Dakota. In 1974, a strike took place at the Indian Head Mine in Zap, which NACC was attempting to close.[7] In 1983, he became president and CEO of NACC.[8]

Murray was a member of the boards of directors of the National Mining Association, American Coal Foundation, National Coal Council, Ohio Coal Association, and Pennsylvania Coal Association. He was a trustee and former president of the American Institute of Mining, Metallurgical, and Petroleum Engineers, Inc., and the Society for Mining, Metallurgy and Exploration, Inc., and president of The Rocky Mountain Coal Mining Institute.[9]

Murray Energy

Murray founded Murray Energy in 1988 when he bought the Powhatan No. 6 mine from the Ohio Valley Coal Company. Murray focused on high-heat bituminous coal, which he thought would be in demand for power generation. The company later moved towards metallurgical coal used to produce coke for steel production.[10]

Murray told the White House in a letter dated August 4, 2017, that without an emergency order to restart coal-fired electrical generating plants, his company and a major customer, power plant operator FirstEnergy Solutions, would declare bankruptcy.[11]

Murray Energy Holdings, Co. filed bankruptcy in the United States District Court for the Southern District of Ohio on October 29, 2019. Murray was replaced as CEO the same day, although he remained chairman of the board of the new entity, Murray NewCo, while his nephew Robert D. Moore would be president and CEO.[12][13][14] Employees expressed concern about losing their pensions and/or medical benefits. Murray was the last major coal contributor to the United Mine Workers of America's pension plan.[15]

Crandall Canyon Mine collapse

In August 2007, six miners were trapped at the Crandall Canyon Mine in Utah, which was co-owned and operated by Murray Energy subsidiary UtahAmerican Energy. Three rescue workers died attempting to reach the miners, and a series of boreholes found that the miners were unlikely to have survived. The miners were declared dead, and their bodies were never recovered. Prior to the collapse, the Crandall Canyon Mine had received 64 violations and was fined $12,000.[16][17][18]

Murray claimed that the Crandall Canyon Mine collapse was triggered by a natural 3.9 magnitude earthquake[19] and that the practice of retreat mining was not responsible.[20] Responding to reports of retreat mining, Murray said: "I wish you would take the word retreat mining out of your vocabulary. Those were words invented by Davitt McAteer, Oppegard, who are lackies for the United Mine Workers, and officials at the United Mine Workers, who would like to organize this coal mine."[21]

Seismologists and government officials disputed this claim, and said the mine collapse was the cause of a coal mine bump[19] that was caused by the mine's use of retreat mining.[20] Richard E. Stickler, the government's top mine safety official, said: "It was not—and I repeat, it was not—a natural occurring earthquake."[22] An analysis by seismologists at the University of California, Berkeley found that the seismic event was "consistent with an underground collapse".[23][24][25][26] Researchers at the University of Utah also stated that the tremor was not triggered by an earthquake.[27]

On July 24, 2008, the U.S. government's Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) announced its highest penalty for coal mine safety violations, $1.85 million, for the collapse. The government fined Genwal Resources $1.34 million "for violations that directly contributed to the deaths of six miners last year", plus nearly $300,000 for other violations. The government also levied a $220,000 fine against a mining consultant, Agapito Associates, "for faulty analysis of the mine's design".[22]

Robert Murray was criticized for his actions during the rescue attempt. The MSHA cited his volatile behavior, especially at daily briefings for family members. MSHA reported that he "frequently became very irate and would start yelling", even making young children cry. He told family members that "the media is telling you lies" and "the union is your enemy."[23]

Political activity

From 2005 to 2007, the Murray Energy PAC donated over $150,000 to Republican candidates, including donations totaling $30,000 to Senate candidates such as George Allen, Sam Brownback, and Katherine Harris.[28] Donations to Republicans surpassed $1 million from 2005 to 2018.[29] The Ohio Valley Coal PAC, another group affiliated with Murray Energy, donated $10,000 for George W. Bush's 2000 Presidential campaign.[28]

In the wake of the 2006 Sago Mine disaster, lawmakers in West Virginia and Ohio proposed legislation requiring mine workers to wear emergency tracking devices. Murray lobbied against the laws, calling them "extremely misguided."[18] He said that politicians were rushing to pass laws and thus "playing politics with the safety of my employees." Murray said that rather than create "knee-jerk" state laws after the disaster, such as in the case of West Virginia, which passed the law in less than one day after it was proposed, the federal government should host a panel which would study the industry and make recommendations for safety measures.[30]

Murray said the federal government should be involved for uniform standards and because tension between unions and companies created difficulty in reaching private agreement on safety standards. He maintained that the personal tracking devices to be mandated in the state laws, called PEDs, did not work under certain common mining conditions (such as below 600 feet (180 m) in depth), and better devices needed to be developed in order to effectively guard miners in case of accident. He said: "The will is there. Unfortunately, the technology isn't."[30]

Murray had stated that he supported federal mandates for drug testing and fire prevention.[30]

On August 14, 2012, Murray hosted Mitt Romney at Murray Energy's Century coal mine in Beallsville, Ohio. Several miners contacted a nearby morning talk radio host, David Blomquist, to complain that they were forced to attend the rally without pay. Murray chief operating officer Robert Moore said: "Attendance was mandatory but no one was forced to attend the event." Murray closed the mine the day of the rally and suspended pay to workers, arguing that the rally was important to the coal industry and that attending was in the workers' "best interest". Murray and his corporation were a major donor to Romney and other Republicans, and employees reported frequent instances of political pressure from management.[31]

In October 2012, the non-profit group Citizens for Responsibility and Ethics in Washington filed a complaint with the Federal Election Commission against Murray and his company alleging violations of federal campaign law in which employees of Murray Energy were required to give one percent of their salary to the company's political action committee.[32]

On November 9, 2012, three days following the presidential election, Murray laid off 156 workers, citing a supposed "war on coal" by the Obama administration as the reason for his decision.[33]

During the 2016 American presidential election, Murray Energy donated over $300,000 towards candidate Donald Trump's inauguration. A memo from Murray itemized a list of 16 energy actions he desired, including giving subsidies to nuclear and coal plants, reducing mine safety regulations, and reducing environmental oversight. The memo was given to Vice President Mike Pence. A similar memo was given to Department of Energy head Rick Perry, and Murray said he gave the memo to Trump.[34][35]

Murray continued to lobby on energy matters at both the state and national levels until his death.[36][37]

Global warming denial

Murray denied the scientific consensus on climate change. In June 2007, Murray told the United States Senate Committee on Environment and Public Works that "the science of global warming is suspect." He also wrote in a May 2007 MarketWatch editorial: "The actual environmental risk associated with carbon emissions is highly speculative."[18]

In a 2007 speech to the New York Coal Trade Association, Murray called Al Gore "the shaman of global gloom and doom" and added "he is more dangerous than his global warming."[38]

Murray was an opponent of proposed global warming legislation in Congress, saying, "Every one of those global warming bills that have been introduced into Congress today eliminates the coal industry and will increase your electric rates, four to five fold."[39]

Following the presidential election in November 2016, Murray pressed for Donald Trump to withdraw the United States from all international agreements on climate change and stated: "so-called global warming is a total hoax."[40]

Lawsuits

Journalists and the press

Murray filed over a dozen defamation lawsuits against journalists and newspapers, none of which were resolved in his favor.[41] For example, Robert Murray and Murray Energy filed lawsuits against environment reporter Ken Ward Jr. from The Charleston Gazette, philosopher and contributor to The Huffington Post Michael Stark, reporter Margaret Newkirk from the Akron Beacon Journal and the Chagrin Valley Times; he also threatened to sue Steve Fiscor, editor of Coal Age and Engineering & Mining Journal, and R. Larry Grayson, a writer and professor emeritus of energy and mineral engineering at Pennsylvania State University.[42][43][44]

Last Week Tonight

In June 2017, Murray issued a cease and desist letter to the television show Last Week Tonight following the show's attempt to obtain comment about the coal industry.[45] The show went ahead with the episode (June 18),[46] in which host John Oliver discussed the Crandall Canyon Mine collapse and expressed the opinion that Murray did not do enough to protect his miners' safety. On June 21, Murray and his companies brought suit against Oliver, the show's writers, the show's network, HBO, and HBO's corporate owner, Time Warner.[47] The lawsuit alleged that, in the Last Week Tonight episode, Oliver "incited viewers to do harm to Mr. Murray and his companies."[48][49] The ACLU filed an amicus brief that described "the ridiculous case at hand" as a transparent attempt to use the court system to punish legal speech,[50] and gained notoriety for its snarky tone.[51] The defendants removed the action to federal court, but in August 2017, a federal district court judge ruled that there was no diversity jurisdiction and remanded Murray Energy's suits against The New York Times and HBO to West Virginia state court.[52] The suit against HBO was dismissed with prejudice on February 21, 2018.[53]

After Murray dropped an appeal, John Oliver discussed the implications of the lawsuit in his show's November 10, 2019 episode, "SLAPP Suits."[42] Oliver noted that Murray could minimize his personal risk by filing his lawsuit in West Virginia, a jurisdiction where neither Oliver nor Murray lived and that had no legislation to deter strategic lawsuits against public participation (SLAPPs).[42][54] HBO was forced to cover $200,000 in legal fees. Oliver noted that the threat of such lawsuits, and Murray's reputation for litigiousness, may have deterred other media outlets from covering such things as the sexual harassment lawsuits ongoing against Murray.[42][55]

"SLAPP Suits" ended with Oliver leading a musical number, "Eat Shit, Bob!" The 2017 episode had featured a cast member in a squirrel costume with a novelty check bearing these words, in reference to a 2015 incident where, in response to a bonus program implemented at one of Murray's mines which union members feared would undermine safety, a miner voided his $3.22 bonus check, wrote "Eat Shit Bob" on the back of it, and returned it to management.[56][57] This was one of the reasons Murray sued the show.[50] The circuit court judge in the case had noted that the Supreme Court has long upheld "'loose, figurative' language that cannot reasonably be understood to convey facts" as protected speech;[42][58] accordingly, the number leveled a series of intentionally outlandish and obviously false accusations at Murray, including those of murdering Archduke Ferdinand and starting World War I, filling a rocket with puppies and sending it into space, having sexual relations with squirrels per a barbershop quartet, and being the Zodiac Killer. It won the Emmy for Editing for Variety Programming and nominated for Original Music and Lyrics.[59]

Workplace sexual harassment

In 2014, two lawsuits were filed against Murray for sexual harassment and misconduct against his employees.[60] Murray reached confidential settlement agreements with both parties.[61] In 2016, a third lawsuit was filed against Murray for sexual harassment against an employee.[61]

Personal life

Murray resided in Moreland Hills, Ohio, with his wife, Brenda Lou Moore. They had three children.[16][62]

Murray stated that he suffered from idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis,[63] a scarring of the lung tissue leading to shortness of breath. In September 2020, he filed application for black lung benefits with the U.S. Department of Labor.[64] While running coal mining companies, Murray disputed claims filed by miners for black lung benefits and was an advocate against federal regulations intended to reduce black lung.[64]

Philanthropy

In 2009, Murray Energy donated $20,000 to support the development of a state-of-the-art mine training facility at West Virginia University[65] and $10,000 to support the construction of a similar facility at Southeastern Illinois College.[66] Murray also made a personal gift of $1 million to the West Virginia University Research Trust Fund—the largest single donation in the fund's history—and the university established the Robert E. Murray Chairmanship of Mining Engineering in his honor.[67]

In 2018, Murray donated over $1.2 million to a project to construct a new building at the East Richland Christian School.[68] The 28,000-square-foot center is planned to house a gymnasium, kitchen, and classrooms for use by the school, local church, and wider community.[68]

Murray was an active volunteer with the Ohio River Valley Council of the Boy Scouts of America.[69]

Death

Murray died on October 25, 2020, at the age of 80, less than a week after he announced his retirement.[70][71]

References

  1. ↑ Murray, Bob. "A Message from our Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer". Murray Energy Corporation. Archived from the original on November 11, 2017. Retrieved November 6, 2017.
  2. ↑ Lavelle, Marianne (October 11, 2017). "Coal Boss Takes Climate Change Denial to the Extreme". InsideClimate News. Archived from the original on March 25, 2019. Retrieved November 16, 2019.
  3. ↑ Bob Murray, Outspoken Coal Baron Who Fought EPA, Dies at 80 Archived October 29, 2020, at the Wayback Machine Yahoo.
  4. ↑ "Utah mine disaster yields frenetic frontman". Pittsburgh Tribune-Review. Associated Press. August 9, 2007. Archived from the original on June 29, 2017. Retrieved August 9, 2007.
  5. ↑ Loth, Tim (December 21, 2014). "Coal baron Robert Murray is still fired up". The Seattle Times. Archived from the original on December 14, 2015. Retrieved August 23, 2017.
  6. ↑ "Executive Profile Robert Edward Murray". Bloomberg. Retrieved August 22, 2017.
  7. ↑ Donovan, Lauren (August 8, 2007). "Utah mine owner operated in North Dakota mines". The Bismarck Tribune. Archived from the original on August 27, 2017. Retrieved August 10, 2007.
  8. ↑ Resources, American Consolidated Natural (October 19, 2020). "Mr. and Mrs. Robert E. Murray". www.prnewswire.com. Retrieved October 26, 2020.
  9. ↑ Murray Energy Corporation Web site
  10. ↑ McElhinny, Brad (October 29, 2019). "Murray Energy says it can survive if bankruptcy reorganization sheds debt". WV MetroNews. Retrieved October 26, 2020.
  11. ↑ Egan, Matt (August 22, 2017). "Trump rejects cry for help from coal execs". CNN Money. Archived from the original on June 29, 2018. Retrieved August 22, 2017.
  12. ↑ Sprouse, William (October 29, 2019). "Murray Energy Files for Chapter 11". CFO. Archived from the original on December 5, 2019. Retrieved October 30, 2019.
  13. ↑ "Murray Energy Holdings Co. Enters Into Restructuring Support Agreement With Members of Ad Hoc Lender Group and Files Chapter 11 to Access $350 Million in New Money DIP Financing" (Press release). Murray Energy Holdings Co. October 29, 2019. Archived from the original on October 30, 2019. Retrieved October 30, 2019 – via BusinessWire.
  14. ↑ "Murray Energy, WV's largest coal producer, seeks bankruptcy protection". Charleston Gazette-Mail. October 29, 2019. Archived from the original on November 5, 2019. Retrieved October 30, 2019.
  15. ↑ Egan, Matt (November 1, 2019). "'Nervous and scared.' Coal workers fear for pensions after Murray Energy bankruptcy". CNN Business. Archived from the original on November 9, 2019.
  16. 1 2 Gehrke, Robert; Beebe, Robert (August 8, 2007). "Murray's meltdown: Angry, rambling briefing draws rebukes". The Salt Lake Tribune. Archived from the original on February 2, 2013. Retrieved August 14, 2007.
  17. ↑ Gehrke, Robert (August 10, 2007). "Murray's Illinois mine has 2,787 violations since 2005". The Salt Lake Tribune. Archived from the original on October 11, 2007. Retrieved August 10, 2007.
  18. 1 2 3 Russell, Goldman (August 8, 2007). "Mine Owner Faces Old Foes After Collapse". ABC News. Archived from the original on January 12, 2020. Retrieved August 10, 2007.
  19. 1 2 "Owner of Utah mine is a famously combative figure". Boston Herald. Associated Press. August 8, 2007. Archived from the original on December 15, 2007. Retrieved August 10, 2007.
  20. 1 2 Arrillaga, Pauline (August 9, 2007). "Utah mine owner candid, combative". The Seattle Times. Archived from the original on May 11, 2009. Retrieved August 10, 2007.
  21. ↑ Langfitt, Frank (August 9, 2007). "Utah Mine Owner Defends Safety Process". Morning Edition. NPR. Archived from the original on May 30, 2012. Retrieved November 12, 2019.
  22. 1 2 "Feds blame mine operator for fatal collapse". CNN. July 24, 2008. Archived from the original on January 13, 2013.
  23. 1 2 "Year after mine collapse, many failures clear". NBC News. Associated Press. August 6, 2008. Archived from the original on April 13, 2018. Retrieved August 6, 2008.
  24. ↑ Dreger, Douglas S.; Ford, Sean R.; Walter, William R. (July 11, 2008). "Source Analysis of the Crandall Canyon, Utah, Mine Collapse" (PDF). Science. 321 (5886): 217. Bibcode:2008Sci...321..217D. doi:10.1126/science.1157392. PMID 18621662. S2CID 206512498. Archived (PDF) from the original on August 9, 2017. Retrieved January 13, 2020 – via the UC Berkeley Seismology Lab.
  25. ↑ Ford, Sean; Dreger, Douglas; Walter, William; Hellweg, Margaret; Uhrhammer, Robert (August 11, 2007). "Seismic Moment Tensor Report for the 06 Aug 2007, M3.9 Seismic event in central Utah". Berkeley Seismological Laboratory. Archived from the original on June 26, 2017. Retrieved January 13, 2020.
  26. ↑ Sanders, Robert (August 9, 2007). "Seismologists confirm Utah mine collapse probably caused temblor" (Press release). University of California, Berkeley. Archived from the original on January 9, 2018. Retrieved January 13, 2020.
  27. ↑ Oskin, Becky (April 19, 2013). "Mine Disaster CSI: Earthquakes Shed New Light on Utah Collapse". Live Science. Archived from the original on October 4, 2014. Retrieved January 13, 2020.
  28. 1 2 "Mine Collapse: Spotlight On Murray Energy". CBS News. Associated Press. August 8, 2007. Archived from the original on August 12, 2018. Retrieved August 10, 2007.
  29. ↑ "Murray Energy Summary | OpenSecrets". www.opensecrets.org. Retrieved November 15, 2019.
  30. 1 2 3 Bennett, David (February 5, 2005). "Mining for Answers" (PDF). Crain's Cleveland Business. Vol. 27, no. 6. pp. 1, 19. Archived (PDF) from the original on January 13, 2020. Retrieved January 13, 2020.
  31. ↑ Banerjee, Neela (August 29, 2012). "Ohio miners say they were forced to attend Romney rally". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on May 30, 2013. Retrieved September 2, 2012.
  32. ↑ Sheppard, Kate (October 9, 2012). "CREW Files FEC Complaint Over Coal Company's Coerced Campaign Donations". Mother Jones. Archived from the original on October 29, 2017. Retrieved October 13, 2012.
  33. ↑ Mufson, Steven (November 9, 2012). "After Obama reelection, Murray Energy CEO reads prayer, announces layoffs". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on February 9, 2013. Retrieved November 13, 2012.
  34. ↑ "Murray Energy GOP Donations 2016". Open Secrets. Retrieved March 2, 2018.
  35. ↑ Friedman, Lisa (January 10, 2018). "How a Coal Baron's Wish List Became President Trump's To-Do List". The New York Times. Archived from the original on April 22, 2018. Retrieved November 12, 2019. The memo was written by Robert E. Murray, a longtime Trump supporter who donated $300,000 to the president's inauguration. In it, Murray, the head of Murray Energy, presented Trump with a wish list of environmental rollbacks just weeks after the inauguration.
  36. ↑ Gearino, Dan (October 29, 2019). "Coal Giant Murray Energy Files for Bankruptcy Despite Trump's Support". InsideClimate News. Archived from the original on December 18, 2019. Retrieved November 2, 2019.
  37. ↑ Brady, Jeff (November 7, 2019). "Despite Bankruptcy And Illness, Bob Murray Remains A Loud Voice For Coal". Morning Edition. NPR. Archived from the original on January 8, 2020. Retrieved January 13, 2020.
  38. ↑ Romboy, Dennis (August 8, 2007). "Heated defense of mining not odd for owner Murray". Deseret News. Archived from the original on November 19, 2019. Retrieved August 10, 2007.
  39. ↑ "Briefing on Rescue Attempts for Six Trapped Utah Miners | Transcript". CNN Newsroom. August 7, 2007. Archived from the original on July 20, 2013. Retrieved January 13, 2020.
  40. ↑ Loh, Tim (November 10, 2016). "Trump May 'Dig' Coal, But Industry's Outlook Is Flat at Best". Bloomberg News. Archived from the original on September 1, 2017. Retrieved April 3, 2017.
  41. ↑ Peters, Jonathan (May 28, 2014). "A coal magnate's latest lawsuit was tossed—but Ohio can do more to defend free expression". Columbia Journalism Review. Archived from the original on August 29, 2017.
  42. 1 2 3 4 5 Oliver, John (November 10, 2019). SLAPP Suits: Last Week Tonight with John Oliver (HBO). Last Week Tonight. Archived from the original on December 21, 2021. Retrieved November 10, 2019 – via YouTube.
  43. ↑ "Murray Energy vs. WV Gazette". Belmont County Common Pleas Court. October 30, 2012. Case No. 12 CV 341. Retrieved November 13, 2012 – via Scribd.
  44. ↑ "A coal magnate's latest lawsuit was tossed--but Ohio can do more to defend free expression". Columbia Journalism Review. May 28, 2014.
  45. ↑ Locker, Melissa (June 18, 2017). "John Oliver and a Giant Squirrel Picked a Fight with the Coal Industry on Last Week Tonight". Time. Archived from the original on January 12, 2020.
  46. ↑ Oliver, John (June 18, 2017). Coal: Last Week Tonight with John Oliver (HBO). Last Week Tonight. Archived from the original on December 21, 2021 – via YouTube.
  47. ↑ Woodruff, Betsy (June 21, 2017). "Republican Coal King Sues HBO Over John Oliver's Show". The Daily Beast. Archived from the original on June 18, 2018. Retrieved June 21, 2017.
  48. ↑ Puente, Maria (June 22, 2017). "Murray Energy sues John Oliver, HBO over coal-industry story". USA Today. Archived from the original on July 20, 2018. Retrieved June 23, 2017.
  49. ↑ Egan, Matt (June 22, 2017). "John Oliver sued by coal CEO claiming 'character assassination'". CNN Money. Archived from the original on April 29, 2018. Retrieved June 23, 2017.
  50. 1 2 The Marshall County Coal Company, The Marion County Coal Company, The Harrison County Coal Company, The Ohio County Coal Company, Murray Energy Corporation, And Robert E. Murray, Plaintiffs, V. John Oliver, Charles Wilson, Partially Important Productions, LLC, Home Box Office, Inc., Time Warner Inc., And Does 1through 10 (United States District Court for the Northern District of West Virginia January 8, 2017) ("Plaintiffs are attempting to use this Court as vehicle to chill protected speech [...] Plaintiffs’ claim does not come close to stating a claim upon which relief can be granted."), Text.
  51. ↑ Weiss, Debra Cassens (August 3, 2017). "Snarky, profane ACLU brief supports John Oliver against coal company CEO". ABA Journal. American Bar Association. Archived from the original on November 14, 2017. Retrieved November 16, 2019.
  52. ↑ Michael Phillis (August 11, 2017). "Defamation Suit Against John Oliver Remanded To W.Va". Law360.
  53. ↑ French, Leonard (February 23, 2018). "Murray Energy lawsuit against John Oliver DISMISSED". Lawful Masses. Archived from the original on January 3, 2020. Retrieved February 24, 2012.
  54. ↑ Horton, Adrian (November 11, 2019). "John Oliver takes on muzzling lawsuits – and the man who sued his show". The Guardian. Archived from the original on January 6, 2020. Retrieved November 10, 2019.
  55. ↑ Martinelli, Marissa (November 11, 2019). "John Oliver Taunts Coal Baron Enraged by Giant Talking Squirrel with Giant Singing Squirrels". Slate. Archived from the original on December 21, 2019. Retrieved November 11, 2019.
  56. ↑ Jamieson, Dave (July 9, 2015). "'Kiss My Ass, Bob': A Miner Challenged Coal Magnate Bob Murray. Now He's Fighting For His Job". The Huffington Post. Archived from the original on June 11, 2019. Retrieved January 13, 2020.
  57. ↑ Jamieson, Dave (April 7, 2016). "How To Tell Your Boss To Kiss Your Ass, And Get Away With It". The Huffington Post. Archived from the original on October 30, 2019. Retrieved January 13, 2020.
  58. ↑ Schaffstall, Katherine (November 11, 2019). ""Eat S***, Bob!": John Oliver Takes Aim at Coal Tycoon Bob Murray With Musical Number, Fiery Segment". The Hollywood Reporter. Archived from the original on December 17, 2019. Retrieved January 13, 2020.
  59. ↑ "Last Week Tonight with John Oliver". Primetime Emmy Awards. Archived from the original on December 14, 2021. Retrieved January 2, 2022.
  60. ↑ Perkins, Dennis (November 11, 2019). "John Oliver gloriously demonstrates why rich assholes really shouldn't sue John Oliver". The A.V. Club. Archived from the original on January 12, 2020. Retrieved November 11, 2019.
  61. 1 2 Murray Energy Corporation, et al., v. Cassidy, Cogan, Shappell & Voegelin L.C., et al., 34 (S.D. Ohio 24 May 2019).
  62. ↑ Tizon, Thomas Alex (August 9, 2007). "Mine's part-owner sings praises of the work as he reports on collapse that has trapped six". The Detroit News. Retrieved on August 10, 2007.
  63. ↑ Woodruff, Betsy (June 22, 2017). "Republican Coal King Sues HBO Over John Oliver's Show". The Daily Beast. Archived from the original on March 19, 2018. Retrieved June 22, 2017.
  64. 1 2 "Bob Murray, Who Fought Against Black Lung Regulations As A Coal Operator, Has Filed For Black Lung Benefits". WVPB. October 1, 2020. Retrieved October 1, 2020.
  65. ↑ October 21, 2009; WVU dedicates new coal mining simulator; SNL Energy Daily Coal Report. Retrieved November 2, 2009.
  66. ↑ "Local mine donates to training operation". The Daily Register. Harrisburg, Illinois. September 11, 2009.
  67. ↑ October 2009; Robert E. Murray Chairmanship in Mining Engineering established at WVU; Coal News. Retrieved November 2, 2009.
  68. 1 2 Hanson, Shelley (July 29, 2018). "December finish expected for new Ickes Family Life Center". The Times Leader. Martins Ferry, Ohio. Archived from the original on December 4, 2018. Retrieved March 27, 2019.
  69. ↑ Wendell, Bryan (May 31, 2019). "13 Scouters to receive 2019 Silver Buffalo Award, Scouting's top honor for volunteers". Scouting Magazine.
  70. ↑ Goulding, Gage (October 25, 2020). "Founder of Murray Energy, Bob Murray, dead at 80". WTOV. Retrieved October 26, 2020.
  71. ↑ "Coal magnate Robert Murray dies; he long fought regulators". Washington Post. Associated Press. ISSN 0190-8286. Archived from the original on October 30, 2020. Retrieved October 26, 2020.
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