Diocese of Parma

Dioecesis Parmensis
Parma Cathedral
Location
CountryItaly
Ecclesiastical provinceModena-Nonantola
Statistics
Area2,100 km2 (810 sq mi)
Population
- Total
- Catholics		(as of 2016)
339,547
278,429 (82.0%)
Parishes309
Information
DenominationCatholic Church
RiteRoman Rite
Established4th century
CathedralBasilica Cattedrale della Assunzione di Maria Virgine
Secular priests151 diocesan
104 (Religious Orders)
24 Permanent Deacons
Current leadership
PopeFrancis
BishopEnrico Solmi
Map
Locator map for diocese of Parma, central Po valley, south of the river
Website
www.diocesi.parma.it

The Diocese of Parma (Latin: Dioecesis Parmensis) is a Latin diocese of the Catholic Church. It has properly been called Diocese of Parma-Fontevivo since 1892.[1][2] The bishop's seat is in Parma Cathedral. The diocese is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Modena-Nonantola.

Originally the diocese of Parma was in the ecclesiastical province of Milan, but it subsequently became a suffragan of the Archbishop of Ravenna. In 1106, Pope Paschal II removed Parma from the supervision of Ravenna, but in 1119 Pope Gelasius II restored the dioceses of Emilia to the jurisdiction of Ravenna. With the creation of the new archdiocese of Bologna in 1593, Parma became subject to Bologna. In 1875, the diocese of Parma became immediately subject to the Holy See (papacy).[3]

History

At Easter 967, Bishop Uberto of Parma attended a council at Ravenna, presided over by Pope John XIII and the Emperor Otto I. The council deposed Archbishop Herold of Salzburg for heresy. The emperor confirmed the pope in the possession of all of the territories of the Roman church, including the exarchate of Ravenna. The pope raised the diocese of Magdeburg to the status of an archbishopric at the emperor's request. He also confirmed the privileges of the Church of Ferrara.[4]

In 987, Archbishop Honestus (Onesto) of Ravenna summoned a provincial synod, to meet in the village of Marzaglia, in the diocese of Parma. The bishops who attended included Giovanni of Imola, Gerardo of Faenza, Odone of Cesena, Ulberto of Bologna, Sigolfo of Piacenza, and Uberto of Parma. The assembly dealt with complaints made by the bishop of Bologna against the bishop of Parma, claiming that Bishop Uberto was holding properties close to Bologna which ought to belong to Bologna, which was a poor diocese and unable to staff all of its churches. Archbishop Onesto was able to effect a reconciliation through the mutual exchange of disputed properties.[5]

In 1410 the plague struck Parma with particular virulence. It is claimed that one-quarter of the population died.[6]

Apostolic visitation

In accordance with a bull of Pope Gregory XIII of 14 September 1578, Archbishop Giambattista Castelli of Rimini began an apostolic visitation of the diocese of Parma. His first investigation was of the cathedral chapter, where he discovered that four of the priests whose duty it was to celebrate Mass in the cathedral were not able to recite the prayer Suscipiat Dominus from the canon of the Mass. Then the archbishop turned to an inspection of the canons of the cathedral chapter. He cited the decree of the Council of Trent de reformatione (chapter 12), approved in the 24th Session, which granted their daily stipend from the chapter's income only to those who had attended at each of the canonical hours. The canons replied that their observances had to be modified because the great plague of 1348 had been responsible for a scarcity of clergy, necessitating only attendance at the daily Mass and at the Vespers on the eve of a great feast day. Touching as it did both on local tradition and the canons' income, the archbishop's ruling set off a legal firestorm.[7]

The canons lodged an appeal in Rome with the prefect of the Sacred Congregation of the Council, Cardinal Marcantonio Maffei. They sent Cesare Picolello and Francesco Ballestrieri, armed with a testimonial letter of the elders of the Commune of 9 January 1579, stating that the people of Parma were content with the celebration of the canonical hours in the cathedral. Cardinal Alessandro Sforza was induced to speak with Maffei, and the congregation took up the appeal on 29 January 1579, in the presence of twelve cardinals, nine of whom voted in favor of the canons of Parma, ruling that the canons' service was not in violation of the decrees of the Council of Trent. The pope was informed of the decision and gave his approval.[8]

In 1580, on the initiative of Duke Ottavio, the Jesuits were introduced into Parma, and given the church of San Benedetto, which had belonged to the abbey of S. Giovanni Evangelista. They continued to use the church until the reign of Pope Clement IX. They also acquired the Oratory of S. Rocco.[9] By 1618, the Jesuits had a college for high school students, and one-third of the twenty-six professors at the University of Parma were Jesuits.[10]

Cathedral and chapter

The residence of the canons of the chapter of the cathedral of Parma (Canonica) was established on 29 December 877 by Bishop Wibodus and King Carloman.[11]

The cathedral of Parma, which had been constructed with substantial aid from the countess Matilda of Tuscany, was consecrated by Pope Paschal II on 31 October 1106.[12]

On 3 January 1116 began a series of earthquakes in the neighborhood of Parma, which lasted for thirty days. In 1117 another major earthquake destroyed the cathedral of Parma.[13]

The baptistry of the cathedral was dedicated on 25 May 1270 by Bishop Opizzo de Sancto Vitale.[14]

The largest bell of the cathedral, named "Bajonus", was given by Cardinal Gerardo Bianchi in 1291.[15]

On 8 January 1584, the high altar of the cathedral was consecrated by Bishop Ferrante Farnese.[16]

In 1691, the cathedral was staffed by a chapter composed of three dignities (the archdeacon, archpriest, and provost) and fourteen canons.[17] In 1579, the residence of the canons was at the monastery of S. Giovanni Evangelista in Parma, directly behind the apse of the cathedral.[18]

The cathedral was awarded the status of a minor basilica by Pope Gregory XVI in a bull of 13 June 1834.[19]

On 24 April 1246, Cadalo, the new bishop of Parma, and his family, who were established in the diocese of Verona, created and endowed a new monastery, that of S. Giorgio, in Breida, near Verona.[20] Bishop Cadalo held a diocesan synod in 1061. He was in schism with Pope Alexander II, and counted all of Lombardy in his camp except for territories belonging to Countess Matilda of Tuscany.[21]

Synods

On 28–30 September 1466, a diocesan synod took place, presided over by the vicar general Avinatri, with a special mandate from Bishop Giovanni (Giacomo) Antonio della Torre (1463-1476). The opening Mass was celebrated by della Torre's auxiliary bishop, Agostino. The statutes of the earlier synods of Bishops Obizzo Sanvitale (1257–1295), Papiniano della Rovere (1300–1316), and Delfino della Pergola (1425–1463), were read out.[22] Bishop della Torre held a second synod in March 1470.[23]

In 1564 Bishop Alessandro Sforza (1560–1573) presided over the first diocesan synod following the close of the Council of Trent. In 1568 he took part in the provincial synod of the ecclesiastical province of Ravenna, presided over by Cardinal Giulio della Rovere.[24] Bishop Ferrante Farnese (1573–1606) held a diocesan synod in 1575, another on 11 May 1581, and a third in 1583.[25]

A diocesan synod was held in September 1602 under the presidency of Giovanni Mozanega, protonotary apostolic and vicar general of the diocese of Parma.[26] Bishop Pompeo Cornazzano, O.Cist. (1615–1647) held a diocesan synod in November 1621.[27] Bishop Carlo Nembrini (1652–1677) presided over his first diocesan synod on 5–7 June 1659; he held his second diocesan synod on 26–27 April 1674.[28] A synod was held on 7 May 1691 by Bishop Tommaso Saladino (1681–1694).[29]

Bishop Domenico Maria Villa (1872–1882) presided over a diocesan synod on 1–3 October 1878.[30]

Bishops

to 1100

  • Urbanus (attested 378)[31]
  • Gratiosus (680)[32]
...
  • Alboin (attested 744)[33]
  • Gerolamo (attested c. 775)
  • Pietro (attested 781)[34]
...
  • Lantpertus (Lambertus) (attested 827 – after 835)[35]
  • Wibodus (attested 857–895)[36]
  • Elbungus (895 – after 915)[37]
  • Aicardus (attested 920–927)[38]
  • Sigefredus (attested May 929 – after 944)[39]
  • Adeodatus (attested 947 – after 953)[40]
  • Obertus (attested from 961 – December 980)[41]
  • Sigefredus (980-after 1006)
  • Maiolo (attested c. 1013/1014)
  • Enrico (1015-after February 1026)
  • Ugo (before April 1027 – after April 1040)[42]
  • Cadalo (1046–1071)[43]
  • Everard (1073–c. 1085)[44]
  • Wido (1085–c. 1104)

1100 to 1500

...

1500 to 1800

Sede vacante (1647–1650)[73]

since 1800

  • Cardinal Carlo Francesco Caselli (1804–1828)[81]
  • Remigio Crescini, O.S.B. (1828–1830)[82]
  • Vitale Loschi (1831 -1842)[83]
  • Giovanni Tommaso Neuschel, O.P. (1843–1852) (resigned)[84]
  • Felice Cantimorri, O.F.M.Cap. (1854–1870)[85]
  • Domenico Maria Villa (1872–1882)[86]
  • Giovanni Andrea Miotti (1882-1893)[87]
  • Francesco Magani (1893-1907)
  • Guido Maria Conforti (1907-1931)[88]
  • Evasio Colli (1932-1971)
  • Amilcare Pasini (1971-1981) (resigned)
  • Benito Cocchi (1982-1996)
  • Silvio Cesare Bonicelli (1996-2008)
  • Enrico Solmi (2008-present)[89]

See also

References and notes

  1. ↑ "Diocese of Parma (-Fontevivo)" Catholic-Hierarchy.org. David M. Cheney. Retrieved February 29, 2016
  2. ↑ "Diocese of Parma" GCatholic.org. Gabriel Chow. Retrieved February 29, 2016. In 1892 the diocese absorbed the spiritualities of Fontevivo Abbey, a former territorial abbey. The Bishop of Parma has since also had the title of Abbot of Fontevivo.
  3. ↑ Kehr, p. 414.
  4. ↑ Allodi, I, p. 58. J. D. Mansi (ed.), Sacrorum Conciliorum nova et amplissima collectio, editio novissima, Tomus decimus octavus (18) (Venice: A. Zatta 1773), pp. 499–506. Carl (Charles) Joseph Hefele, Histoire des conciles Tome sixième (Paris:Adrien le Clere 1871), pp. 204–205.
  5. ↑ Allodi, I, p. 58. J. D. Mansi (ed.), Sacrorum Conciliorum nova et amplissima collectio, editio novissima, Tomus decimus nonus (19) (Venice: A. Zatta 1774), pp. 41–42.
  6. ↑ Allodi, I, pp. 681–682.
  7. ↑ Allodi, II, pp. 98–105. Cappelletti, pp. 184–191.
  8. ↑ Allodi, II, pp. 101–102.
  9. ↑ Allodi, II, p. 105.
  10. ↑ Paul F. Grendler (2004). The Universities of the Italian Renaissance. Baltimore MD USA: Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 127–137. ISBN 978-0-8018-8055-1. Paul F. Grendler (2017). The Jesuits and Italian Universities, 1548-1773. Washington DC: CUA Press. pp. 164–170. ISBN 978-0-8132-2936-2.
  11. ↑ Cappelletti, p. 98.
  12. ↑ Chronicon Parmense, p. 325. eodem anno MCVI de mense novembris consecrata fuit ecclesia major sanctae Mariae de Parma a praedicto Paschali Papae. nam celebrato concilio in Guastalla immediate Papa et d. comitissa Matildis venerunt Parmam, et ibi ad preces dictae d. comitissae consecravit praedictam ecclesiam quam ipse construxerat. Cappelletti, p. 158.
  13. ↑ Chronicon Parmense, p. 325. Fuit unus maximus terraemotus et tunc magna pars ecclesiae majoris de Parma corruit.... Cappelletti, p. 159. Mario Baratta, I terramoti d'Italia (Torino: Bocca 1901), pp. 21; 22–24; 715–717.
  14. ↑ Ordinarium, p. 155, note 3.
  15. ↑ Ordinarium, p. 10, with note 1. It was tolled at the funerals of the magistrates of Parma, and of the members of the most noble families: the Rossi, the Sanvitale, the Corrigia and the Pallavicini; the Marchesi di Lupi, and the lords of Cornazzano and Conignaco.
  16. ↑ Allodi, II, p. 111.
  17. ↑ Ritzler-Sefrin, Hierarchia catholica V, p. 302, note 1.
  18. ↑ Allodi, I, p. 187.
  19. ↑ Vitale Loschi (1834). Esecuzione del breve di Sua Santità Gregorio XVI che dichiara Basilica Minore la Catte drale di Parma]]. Parma. Rossi-Ubaldi 1834. (in Italian) Francesco Cherbi (1835). Le grandi epoche sacre, diplomatiche, cronologiche, critiche della chiesa vescovile di Parma (in Italian). Vol. Tomo I. Parma: dalla Stamperia Carmignani. pp. 364–365.
  20. ↑ Kehr, Italia pontificia Vol. VI, part 1, pp. 259–260.
  21. ↑ Allodi, I, p. 225. Vittorio Cavallari, "Cadalo e gli Erzoni," Studi storici veronesi 15 (1965), pp. 95–158. Maureen C. Miller (2018). The Formation of a Medieval Church: Ecclesiastical Change in Verona, 950–1150. Ithaca: Cornell University Press. pp. 74–76. ISBN 978-1-5017-2885-3.
  22. ↑ Allodi, II, p. 772-774. Angelo Pezzana (1847). Storia della città di Parma: 1449–1476 (in Italian). Vol. Tomo terza. Parma: Ducale Tipografia. pp. 269, Appendice no. VIII, pp. 18–26.
  23. ↑ Pezzana, pp. 319–320.
  24. ↑ Nicola Ratti (1794). Della famiglia Sforza (in Italian). Vol. Parte II. Roma: Salomoni. pp. 294, 299.
  25. ↑ Constitutiones a synodo Dicecesana Parmens. An. MDLXXV (Parma: ex Typis Seth Vioti 1576). Constitutiones quaw a Synodo diocesana parmen., in ea presidente Rev.mo domino D. Ferdinando Farnesio conditae sunt Anno MDLXXXI, V. id. maij. Parma, apud Heredes Sethi Viotti, 1582. Constitutiones quae a Synodo diocesana parmen., in ea presidente Ferdinando Farnesio editae, sunt alijs antea conditis Constitutionibus Synodalibus infierendo, illasque innovando et continuando, Anno MDLXXXIII (Parma,: typis Erasmi Viotti, 1584).
  26. ↑ Constitutiones Parmae in synodo Diocesana promulgatae, in ea presidente R. D. Joh. Mozanega Protonotario Apostolico, ed in episcopatu Parmae Vicario Generali, mense septembris MDCII. (Parma: apud Erasmum Viothum 1602).
  27. ↑ Decreta synodalia in Parmensi synodo anno MDCXXI mense novembris ab ill. Rev. Pompejo Cornazzano episcopo Parmae et comite edita (Parma: ex typ. Anthai Viothi 1622).
  28. ↑ Carolus Nembrini (1674). Constitutiones synodales promulgatae in secunda Synodo dioecesana Parmensi anno 1674 die 26. et 27. Aprilis (in Latin). Parma: Petrus a Fratre. Constitutiones synodales ab Ill.ma et Rev.m° d. Carolo Nembrino episc. Parmae, promulgatae in Synodo Dioecesana Parmensi Anno 1659 die 5, 6, 7, mense junii (Parma: apud Erasmo Viotti 1660).
  29. ↑ Synodus diocesana habita A. D. 1691 nonis maij ineunte mense quarto interregni pontificij ab obitu Alexandri Octavi, pubblicata vero 18 Kal. septembris elapso jam mense a die creationis sanctissimi D. N. Innocentii XII (Parma: apud Gal. Rosatum 1691).
  30. ↑ Constitutiones ab illustr.m° et rev.m° d.d. Dominico Maria Villa Dei et Apostolicae Sedis gratia episcopo parmensi praelato domestico et pontificio solio adsistente, promulgatae in synodo dicecesana habita diebus I, II, ac III octobris anno MDCCCLXXVIII (Parma: ex officina episc. Fiaccadoriana 1879).
  31. ↑ Urbanus was a partisan of the antipope Ursicinus, and was deposed by Pope Damasus in the Roman synod of 378. Giovanni Mercati (1902). Parmensia: I. più antico vescovo di Parma. Studi e documenti di storia e diritto, Roma, XXIII (in Italian). Roma: Tip. Poliglotta. Umberto Benigni, "Diocese of Parma." The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 11. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1911. Retrieved: 2016-10-02. Lanzoni, pp. 807–809, no. 1.
  32. ↑ Gratiosus was present at the Roman synod of Pope Agatho, against the Monotheletists. Allodi, I, pp. 23–24.
  33. ↑ Alboin: Allodi, I, pp. 24–25.
  34. ↑ Pietro (Rusco) : Allodi, I, pp. 25–26.
  35. ↑ Allodi attributes the beginning of Lambertus' reign to his consecration and appointment as Bishop of Parma by Pope Paschal I in 819. Lantpertus of Parma was present at the Synod of Mantua on 8 July 827, as one of the bishops of the ecclesiastical province of Emilia. Lambertus subscribed the foundation document of the monastery of S. Alessandro in Parma on 20 June 835, endowed by Queen Cunegonda, the widow of King Bernard of Italy. J.-D. Mansi (ed.) Sacrorum Conciliorum nova et amplissima collectio, editio novissima, Tomus XIV (Venice: A. Zatta 1769), pp. 493–498. Allodi, I, pp. 27, 30. Cappelletti, p. 98. Gams, p. 744 column 2.
  36. ↑ Wibodus (Guibodus, Wihbodus, Widiboldus) received important gifts from Emperor Louis II and his successors. In 879, Carloman granted the bishops the monastery of Berceto. In 880, the Emperor Charles the Fat granted the bishop property in Modenese territory; in 881 the monastery of S. Paolo di Mezzana; and in 883 and 887 confirmed all the episcopal and diocesan privileges. In 887, King Carloman established the residence of the Canons next to the Cathedral of Parma. The tombstone of Bishop Widiboldus bears the date 895; he died on 29 November in that year. Allodi, I, pp. 34–43. Cappelletti, pp. 98–108.
  37. ↑ On 4 March 897 he was in Florence, where he took part in proceedings before Count Palatine Amadeus. In 901 Bishop Elbungus was in Rome, where he and other bishops had assisted at the coronation of Louis III. His Last Will and Testament is dated 27 April 913. Cappelletti, XV, pp. 109–117. Gams, p. 744 column 2.
  38. ↑ Aicardus in 920 restored the cathedral, which had been destroyed by fire.
  39. ↑ Sigefredus was a former chancellor of King Hugo, who accompanied in 937 Hugo's daughter Berta, the promised bride of Constantine Porphyrogenitus;
  40. ↑ Adeodatus: Gams, p. 744.
  41. ↑ Obertus (Umbertus, Erbertus, Ucbertus, Hucbertus, Aubertus) was present in Rome for the coronation of the Emperor Otto I on 2 February 962. Ratherius di Verona dedicated his De contemptu canonum to Bishop Hucbertus. Cappelletti, pp. 122–123. Gams, p. 744.
  42. ↑ Cappelletti, pp. 141–142.
  43. ↑ Cadalo (he subscribed as Kadalo) allegedly obtained his see through simony, with the patronage of the Emperor Henry III. In October 1046, Bishop Cadalo attended Henry III's synod at Pavia, and signed the acts. He attended the Roman synod of Pope Clement II on 3 October 1049, and also, along with the emperor, the synod of Pope Victor II held in Florence on 4 June 1055. The synod condemned simoniacs, but not Bishop Cadalo. He became the antipope Honorius II (1061–1064), while remaining Bishop of Parma. He died in 1071 or 1072. Allodi, I, pp. 117–123; 194–229. Simonetta Cerrini, "Onorio II, antipapa," Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani Volume 79 (2013). Stroll (2011), pp. 133–140; 156–162; 179–183; 239–241.
  44. ↑ In February 1079, Everard was reprimanded by Pope Gregory VII, because he had detained an abbot, who had been summoned and was on his way to a synod in Rome. Everard was suspended from office and ordered to make an appearance himself in Rome (Kehr, V, p. 417 no. 11). Everard attended the synod of Brixen (1080) and became a partisan of the antipope Clement III, in whose interest he even resorted to arms, but was defeated by the Countess Matilda, near Sorbara (2 July 1084). He is said to have died of a plague in 1085, shortly after the death of Pope Gregory VII. Allodi, I, pp. 229–240. Cappelletti, pp. 154–155.
  45. ↑ Bernardus was Abbot of Vallombrosa, succeeding Abbot Amalrius who died on 5 December 1097. He was made a cardinal by Pope Urban II, who died on 29 July 1099. In March and April 1100 he was working in the Lateran in Rome as Cardinal Priest of S. Crisogono. In 1100 or 1101 he was named Papal Legate in Lombardy. In 1104, he was dragged violently from the altar, and driven from the church. In March 1105 he was back in Rome at the Lateran. He was present at the Council of Guastalla in October 1106, where Pope Paschal II named him Bishop of Parma. He resigned the temporal power held by the bishops of this diocese and, having opposed the coronation of Conrad (1127) was again obliged to flee from Parma. He died on 4 or 12 December 1133. Kehr, p. 418, nos. 14–15. Rudolf Hüls (1977). Kardinäle, Klerus und Kirchen Roms: 1049–1130 (in German). Tubingen: Niemeyer Max Verlag GmbH. pp. 172–174. ISBN 978-3-484-80071-7.
  46. ↑ Albertus was a simoniac, and was deposed. Kehr, p. 418 no. 16.
  47. ↑ Lanfranc founded the church and monastery of Fontevivo in 1142, which Pope Lucius II took under his protection in 1144. Allodi infers that Lanfranc was dead by 23 March 1162. Allodi, I, pp. 286–296. Kehr, pp. 434–435.
  48. ↑ Aicardo, who had been Provost of the Cathedral Chapter, was a partisan of Frederick Barbarossa and his Antipope Victor IV (1159–1164), and therefore was deposed (1167) by Pope Alexander III. Allodi, I, pp. 296–303.
  49. ↑ , an uncle of Pope Innocent IV;
  50. ↑ Gratia (or Gracia) of Arezzo had been professor of Canon Law at Bologna University. When the Chapter of the Cathedral of Bologna was unable to agree on the election of an Archdeacon of Bologna in 1211, Pope Innocent III intervened, and appointed Grazia. Pope Honorius summoned him to Rome in 1218, and made him a papal chaplain and an Auditor of the Rota (judge of the court of appeals). He was appointed Bishop of Parma by Pope Honorius III on 3 September 1224, though on 7 April 1225 he was still only bishop-elect. In his time the school of law at Parma was reopened by Magister Uberto Bobbio. He built the episcopal palace. He died on 26 September 1236. Allodi, I, pp. 370–394. Eubel, I, p. 391.
  51. ↑ Allodi, I, pp. 394–396. Eubel, I, p. 391.
  52. ↑ Martinus da Colorno had been a professor of Canon Law in Parma, and was a Canon of the Cathedral Chapter by 1216. He was elected bishop in 1237, and issued a decree as Bishop-elect on 13 November 1237; he was consecrated before 26 September 1238. In 1239, he was sent as part of a delegation of bishops to Emperor Frederick II on behalf of Pope Gregory IX, to demand that the Emperor respond to charges laid against him in the Papal Court. Martin ceded to the government of Parma certain castles which had been seized by the city, but reclaimed by his predecessors. On 15 October 1243, Bishop Martinus was suspended from his functions by Pope Innocent IV (who had been a Canon of Parma), on charges of having wasted the resources of the diocese. He died shortly thereafter. Allodi, I, pp. 396–401; 413–414. Ughelli, p. 177.
  53. ↑ Alberto Sanvitale was the second son of Guarino Sanvitale and Margherita Fieschi, sister of Pope Innocent IV. He died on 16 May 1257. Allodi, I, pp. 415–475. Eubel, I, p. 392.
  54. ↑ Alberto and Obizzo Sanvitale were brothers and nephews of Innocent IV. Obizzo exerted himself greatly for the reform of morals, favoured the "Milizia di Gesù Cristo", and exposed the sect of the Apostolic Brethren, founded by the Parmesan Gherardo Segarelli. Obizzo was transferred to the diocese of Ravenna on 23 July 1295. Allodi, I, pp. 475–561. Eubel, I, pp. 392, 415.
  55. ↑ Giovanni had studied in Bologna, and was a Canon of Piacenza and of Beauvais, as well as Chaplain of Cardinal Gerardo Bianchi. He was appointed Bishop of Parma by Pope Boniface VIII on 19 September 1295, at the suggestion of Cardinal Bianchi, a native of Gainaco, a village in the Diocese of Parma. He died on 25 February 1299. Allodi, I, pp. 561–570. Eubel, I, p. 392.
  56. ↑ Goffredo had been a Canon of Cambrai. He was appointed Bishop of Parma by Pope Boniface VIII on 1 April 1299. He died in Rome in March 1300, and was buried in S. Maria in Aracoeli. It is thought (by Affò) that he never came to Parma. Allodi, I, pp. 570–572. Eubel, I, p. 392.
  57. ↑ Saltarelli had been Procurator General of the Dominican Order at the Papal Court. He was appointed Bishop of Parma on 15 January 1317 by Pope John XXII; his provision had already been decided on 7 September 1316. He was consecrated by Cardinal Nicholas Alberti, Bishop of Ostia. In 1317 he was present at the first two sessions of the provincial synod of Ravenna, which met in Bologna. He was transferred to the diocese of Pisa on 6 June 1323. He died on 24 September 1342. Eubel, I, pp. 392 with note 8, 400.
  58. ↑ Ugolino de' Rossi, a Canon of Parma, was only twenty-three when he was appointed Bishop of Parma, as part of a scheme to limit the power of the Visconti of Milan. The bull of appointment by Pope John XXII was signed on 6 June 1322. He was obliged to flee from Parma, with his father Guglielmo de' Rossi, on account of the latter's political reverses (1334); he made his way to the Papal Court in Avignon. Parma was taken over by the Scaligeri under the leadership of Mastino della Scala. Rossi joined his family in Padua in their attempt to recover Parma, but his father and brother were killed fighting for Venice in 1337. He died in Milan on 28 April 1377. Allodi, I, pp. 618–631; 661–662. Cappelletti, pp. 176–177.
  59. ↑ Beltrando was the nephew of Cardinal Simone da Borsano. He was given the diocese of Parma by Urban VI. Allodi, I, pp. 662–666. Cappelletti, p. 177. Gams, p. 745, puts his date of cession on 11 April 1180. He was transferred to the diocese of Como on 9 August 1380. Eubel, I, p. 217. Allodi, I, p. 667.
  60. ↑ Rusconi was the son of Lotario Rusconi, Podesta of Milan, and Enrica Visconti. His brother Baldessare was Archpriest of the Cathedral of Como, and another relative was Cardinal Giorgio Rusconi, Bishop of Trent. Rusconi died in September 1412. Allodi, pp. 666–684.
  61. ↑ Bernardus di Giambernardello Pace da Carpi was a doctor of Sacred Scripture of the University of Bologna, and had been Provincial of his Order in the province of Flaminia. He served as ambassador for the Ordelassi, lords of Forlì. He was public lecturer at the University of Ferrara. He was elected by the Canons of the Cathedral of Parma on 25 October 1412 (the electoral decree names him Bernardus de Carpo, and provided by Pope John XXIII. He died on 11 July 1425. Ordinarium, p. 3 note 2. Eubel, I, p. 392 with note 11.
  62. ↑ Della Pergola was transferred to the diocese of Modena.
  63. ↑ Della Torre was transferred to the diocese of Cremona.
  64. ↑ Sagramori was a native of Rimini. He was a Protonotary Apostolic, and had been appointed Bishop of Piacenza on 23 October 1475, despite being below the canonical ages for consecration as a bishop. He was transferred to the diocese of Parma on 15 January 1476; he took possession of the diocese by proxy on 1 April 1476. The diocese was governed by a Vicar General, Giorgio Terdoni, JUD, Canon of Lodi. Sagramori made his entry into his diocese in August 1478, having spent the time in Rome as ambassador of the Duke of Parma to the Holy See. After the ceremonies he returned to his post in Rome, leaving Fra Benedetto da Cremona, titular bishop of Tripoli, to administer the diocese. Bishop Sagramori died in Ferrara on 25 August 1482, where he was serving as ambassador of the Duke of Parma to the d'Este Court of Ferrara. Allodi, I, pp. 789–807. Pezzana, III, pp. 379–394; IV, pp. 298–299. Eubel, II, pp. 213, 216.
  65. ↑ Sclafenati was named a cardinal by Pope Sixtus IV on 15 November 1483. Cardinal Sclafenati died in Rome on 8 December 1497 at the age of 47, and was buried in S. Agostino. Allodi, I, pp. 808–824. Eubel, II, pp. 19 no. 32; 213 with note 2.
  66. ↑ A native of Milan, Sangiorgio was learned in Canon Law, and created a cardinal by Pope Alexander VI on 20 September 1493. He had been Archpriest of the Collegiate Church of S. Ambrogio in Milan, and Bishop of Alessandria (1478–1499). He was named Bishop of Parma on 6 September 1499. He died in 1509, on 27 March. Umberto Benassi, Storia di Parma Volume primo (Parma: M. Adorni di L. Battei 1899. Sangiorgio's death was reported by the Venetian ambassador in Rome in a letter to the Signoria of 28 March 1509: Marino Sanuto, Diarii Vol. VIII, p. 41. Cf. Allodi, Giovanni Maria (1856). Serie cronologica dei vescovi di Parma con alcuni cenni sui principali avvenimenti civili (in Italian). Vol. II. Parma: P. Fiaccadori. pp. 5–11. Eubel, II, pp. 22 no. 2; 213.
  67. ↑ Born in 1468, Farnese was named Bishop of Parma on 28 March 1509, but was not consecrated a bishop until 2 July 1519. He was therefore Perpetual Administrator from 1509 to 1519 (Allodi, II, p. 12). His Administrator of the diocese was Bishop Pompeo Musacci of Parma, titular bishop of Lidda. When Farnese became Pope Paul III, he resigned the See of Parma in favour of his homonymous grandson. Allodi, II, p. 250.
  68. ↑ Alessandro Sforza was the brother of Guido Ascanio Sforza, and a grandson of Pope Paul III. He was a Scriptor of Apostolic Briefs at the age of ten. At twelve, he was a Cleric of the Apostolic Camera. At twenty-two he was a Canon of the Vatican Basilica. He was deprived of his dignities by Pope Paul IV, but was restored in 1557, and appointed president of the Annona in the Apostolic Camera. On 26 April 1560, upon the resignation of his elder brother, Pope Pius IV named him Bishop of Parma. He took possession of the diocese on 14 November, at the age of twenty-eight. In 1561 he appointed as his suffragan Canon Girolamo Belliordi, titular bishop of Costanza. In 1562, Bishop Sforza attended the Council of Trent, and visited Parma at the end of the year. In September 1564 he held a diocesan synod. In 1570 he was named papal Legate in Bologna. Sforza resigned the diocese in 1573. He died in Macerata on 16 May 1581. Allodi, II, pp. 80–94. Eubel, III, p. 270 with notes 6, 7, and 8.
  69. ↑ Born on 2 December 1542, Ferrante was the son of Pietro Bertoldo Farnese, Duke of Latera, and Giulia Aquaviva. He was Bishop of Montefiascone and Corneto (1572–1573). He was transferred to the diocese of Parma by Pope Gregory XIII in the Consistory of 30 March 1573, and took possession of the diocese of Parma on 29 April. Farnese held a diocesan synod in September 1575, another in 1581, again in 1583, and finally in 1602. In October 1606 Farnese resigned the diocese. He died in 1606. On 10 October 1606, a Vicar Capitular, Giovanni Linati, was elected to supervise the Sede vacante. Allodi, pp. 94–145. Eubel, III, pp. 249; 270 with notes 8 and 9.
  70. ↑ Picedi had previously been Bishop of Borgo San Donnino (1603–1606). He was appointed Bishop of Parma on 30 August 1606 by Pope Paul V. He died on 4 March 1614. Achille Neri, Vita di Papirio Picedi d'Arcola Lunese (Genova: tipografia Sociale 1875). Gauchat, Hierarchia catholica IV, pp. 124; 275 with note 3.
  71. ↑ Rossi was a Doctor in utroque iure, and had been Private Secretary of the Farnese princes. He served as Bishop of Castro from 1611 to 1614. He was transferred to the diocese of Parma by Pope Paul V on 9 July 1614. He died on 24 March 1615. Gauchat, pp. 140 with note 3; 275.
  72. ↑ Cornazzani was appointed Bishop of Parma by Pope Paul V in the Consistory of 2 December 1615. He died on 5 July 1647. Cappelletti, pp. 182–183. A. Schiavi, La diocesi di Parma (Parma 1925), p. 94. Gauchat, p. 275 with note 5.
  73. ↑ On 12 July 1647, at the request of Ranuccio II Farnese, Duke of Parma, the Chapter proceeded to an election of a Vicar, and elected Canon Marchese Giuseppe Zandamaria as the Vicar Capitular. The vacancy of the episcopal throne lasted two years, ten months, and sixteen days. Allodi, II, pp. 234–239.
  74. ↑ Corio belonged to a noble Milanese family. Having been a soldier, he became Provost of the Cathedral of S. Ambrogio in Milan. He was named Bishop of Parma by Pope Innocent X on 2 May 1650, and was consecrated a bishop on 5 June. He made his solemn entry into his diocese on 13 August. His Vicar General was Giuseppe Zandamaria. He died on 26 July 1651 of a fever. Allodi, II, pp. 239–243. Gauchat, p. 275 with note 6.
  75. ↑ Nembrini was the son of Count Giovanni Nembrini of Ancona. He had been governor of various cities in the Papal States, and served as Vice-Legate in Bologna and then in Ferrara. He was appointed Bishop of Parma by Pope Innocent X in the Consistory of 1 July 1652. On 20 July 1652, he wrote to the Chapter from Rome, naming Carlo Cesarini as his Vicar, who, on 30 July, took possession of the diocese. Nembrini died in Ancona on 16 August 1677. Allodi, II, pp. 246–273. Gauchat, p. 275 with note 7.
  76. ↑ Saladino was appointed in the Consistory of 23 June 1681 by Pope Innocent XI. He died on 21 August 1694. Ritzler-Sefrin, Hierarchia catholica V, p. 308 with note 2.
  77. ↑ Olgiati was appointed in the Consistory of 8 November 1694 by Pope Innocent XII. He was transferred to the diocese of Como on 26 January 1711. Ritzler-Sefrin, V, p. 308 with note 3.
  78. ↑ Marazzani was appointed in the Consistory of 11 May 1711 by Pope Clement XI. He died on 12 August 1760. Ritzler-Sefrin, V, p. 308 with note 4.
  79. ↑ Lalatta was born in Parma in 1712, and had obtained a doctorate in theology from the University of Parma in 1735. He became Archdeacon of Parma in 1740, and was elected Vicar Capitular on 13 August 1760, following the death of Bishop Marazzani. He was appointed Bishop of Parma in the Consistory of 15 December 1760 by Pope Clement XIII, and was consecrated a bishop in Rome by Cardinal Camillo Paolucci on 21 December. He died on 6 May 1788. Ritzler-Sefrin VI, p. 329 with note 2.
  80. ↑ Turchi: Cappelletti, pp. 183–184. Ritzler-Sefrin VI, p. 329 with note 3.
  81. ↑ Caselli, a former superior of the Servites was an associate of Cardinal Consalvi during the negotiation of the Concordat with Napoleon. At the national council of Paris in 1811, he defended the rights of the Holy See. He died on 20 April 1828. Notizie per l'anno 1806 (in Italian). Rome: Cracas. 1806. p. 32. Fredrik Kristian Nielsen (1906). The History of the Papacy in the XIXth Century. Vol. I. London: J. Murray. pp. 219–240, 283, 314. Ritzler-Sefrin, Hierarchia catholica VII, pp. 299, 345.
  82. ↑ A native of Piacenza, Crescini was appointed Bishop of Parma on 23 June 1828, and was consecrated in Rome by Cardinal Giuseppe Spina on 6 July. He was named a cardinal by Pope Pius VIII on 5 July 1830. He died on 20 July 1830, at the age of 73. Ritzler-Sefrin, VII, p. 299.
  83. ↑ Loschi was born at Salsomaggiore, west of Parma, in 1756. He had been a Canon and Vicar General of Parma. He was named Vicar Capitular on the death of Bishop Crescini. He was named Bishop of Parma at the age of 74 by Pope Gregory XVI on 28 February 1831. He was consecrated by his brother, Bishop Lodovico Loschi of Piacenza on 24 April. He died on 31 December 1842, at the age of 86. Domenico Bolzoni (1848). Vita di Monsignore Vitale Loschi, Vescovo di Parma (in Italian). Parma: Paganino. Ritzler-Sefrin, VII, p. 299.
  84. ↑ Born in Szepesváralja (Hungary, Scepusio) in 1780, Neuschel, the Chaplain of the regnant Duchess of Parma, Maria Luisa, was appointed Titular Bishop of Alexandria Troas (Turkey) on 28 January 1828, and consecrated by Bishop Aloisio San Vitale of Borgo San Donnino on 2 March 1828. On 30 September 1828 he was appointed the first Bishop of the new Guastalla (Italy) (1828–1836). On 21 November 1836 he was named Bishop of Borgo San Donnino. He was transferred to the diocese of Parma on 27 January 1843, at the explicit request of Duchess Marie Louise, which he resigned on 17 September 1852. He was then assigned the titular diocese of Theodosiopolis (Aprus) (Armenia Minor), which he held until his death on 10 December 1863. Gams, pp. 743, 759. Ritzler-Sefrin, VII, pp. 122, 208, 300, 379; VIII, p. 547.
  85. ↑ Born in Russi (Ravenna) in 1811, Luigi Cantimorri (Felice da Russi) had previously been Diffinitor of his province of Cesena for the Capuchin Order. He was Bishop of Bagnoregio (1846–1854). He was transferred to the diocese of Parma by Pope Pius IX on 23 June 1854. He died on 28 July 1870. Pellegrino da Forlì (1870). Biografia di monsignore Felice Cantimorri dell'ordine dei Cappuccini vescovo di Parma e conte (in Italian). Stab. libr. Tip. Lit. di C. Coen. pp. 9–10. Ritzler-Sefrin, Hierarchia catholica VIII, pp. 139, 442.
  86. ↑ Villa was a native of Bassano (Vicenza). He was appointed Bishop of Parma on 23 February 1872, and consecrated a bishop in Rome on 25 February by Cardinal Carlo Saccone. He died on 22 July 1882. Ritzler-Sefrin, Hierarchia catholica VIII, p. 442.Umberto Cocconi (1998). Chiesa e società civile a Parma nel XIX secolo: l'azione pastorale e catechistica di Mons. Domenico Villa. Rom, Università Pontificia Salesiana, Diss., 1996 (in Italian). Rome: Elledici. ISBN 978-88-01-01011-4.
  87. ↑ Born in Caspoggio (Sondrio) in 1822, Miotti had been a teacher and then Rector of the Ginnasio Convitto in Sondrio for 12 years, and then director of the Ginnasio di Chieri near Turin. He was Archpriest of Sondrio. L'eco del Purgatorio pubblicazione mensuale indirizzata al suffragio de' fedeli defunti. Anno XXVI (in Italian). Vol. XXXVIII. Bologna: Santuario di Santa Maria Coronata, Unica sanctissimi suffragii. 1893. pp. 143–146. Angelo Manfredi; Giacomo Martina (1999). Vescovi, clero e cura pastorale: studi sulla diocesi di Parma alla fine dell'Ottocento (in Italian). Rome: Gregorian University. pp. 485–561. ISBN 978-88-7652-835-4.
  88. ↑ Conforti was canonized in 2011 by Pope Benedict XVI. Guido M. Conforti (1998). Guido Maria Conforti, arcivescovo-vescovo di Parma: atti, discorsi, lettere del beato : Terremoto di Avezzano ; L'Italia in guerra, seconda visita pastorale ; Consorzio, Capitolo cattedrale e ospizi civili ; Insegnamento catechistico ; notiziari della Gazzetta di Parma : 1915 (in Italian). Vatican City: Libreria Editrice Vaticana. ISBN 978-88-209-2628-1.
  89. ↑ Solmi was born at Spilamberto (Modena) in 1956. He studied at the minor and major seminaries of Modena, and at the interdiocesan seminary in Reggio. He obtained a doctorate in moral theology from the Accademia Alfonsiana in Rome. He held various posts specializing in family pastoral care. Pope Benedict XVI appointed him Bishop of Parma on 19 January 2008, and he was consecrated a bishop at Modena on 9 March. He took formal possession of the diocese on 30 March. Diocesi di Parma, Vescovo: Biografia; retrieved: 24 October 2018. (in Italian) (slow connection)

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 This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "Diocese of Parma". Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company.

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