Ronald S. Weinstein
Born(1938-11-20)November 20, 1938
Schenectady, New York
DiedDecember 3, 2021(2021-12-03) (aged 83)
Alma materUnion College (BS)
Tufts Medical School (MD)
Known forTelepathology, Urinary Bladder Cancer, Science Education
Scientific career
FieldsCancer biology, Multi-drug resistance
InstitutionsUniversity of Arizona College of Medicine
Rush Medical College

Ronald S. Weinstein (November 20, 1938 – December 3, 2021) was an American pathologist. He was a professor at the University of Arizona College of Medicine-Tucson. Weinstein served for 32 years as an academic pathology department chair, in Chicago, Illinois and then Tucson, Arizona, while also serving as a serial entrepreneur engaged in university technology transfer.

He is past president of six medical organizations, including the United States and Canadian Academy of Pathology and the International Society for Urological Pathology, which he co-founded. He is a cancer researcher, an educator, and an inventor.

Early life and education

Weinstein was born on November 20, 1938, in Schenectady, New York.[1] He completed his undergraduate studies at Union College in Schenectady. In college, he was a Ford Foundation-funded Congressional Intern in Washington, D.C., in the office of US Representative Samuel S. Stratton, and studied governmental affairs. His primary focus remained medical science research. After graduation from Union College, Weinstein spent three summers working as a chemist at Woods Hole Marine Biological Laboratory. Weinstein obtained his M.D. degree from Tufts Medical School in Boston in 1965. In medical school, he had been a Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) post-sophomore research fellow and had done research on high-resolution freeze-fracture electron microscopy with Stanley Bullivant, PhD, a biophysicist and Harvard faculty member. As an MGH pathology resident, he co-authored research papers on intercellular junctions, cancer cell, and red cell membranes.[2][3][4][5]

Career

During the Vietnam War, he served as a United States Air Force Major at the Aerospace Medical Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, in Dayton, Ohio, where he was involved in toxicology research, and participated in computer science courses in computer programming and system design at the Air Force Institute of Technology on the same campus. He researched the potential sources of toxic chronic chemical injury, from trace amounts of rocket propellants and oxidizers, to airmen working in Titan missile silo environments.[6][7] From 1972 to 1975, he was Professor of Pathology at Tufts University School of Medicine. He continued his research on normal cell membranes and cancer cell membranes and initiated research on animal models for urinary bladder cancer.[8][9][10] In 1975, Weinstein was named the Harriet Blair Borland Professor and chairman of pathology at Rush Medical College in Chicago. Weinstein participated in National Cancer Institute (NCI) funded cancer clinical trials as director of the National Bladder Cancer Group's Central Pathology Laboratory (1982–1990), which qualified patients for inclusion in urinary bladder cancer clinical trials.[11] In addition, he was Founding Director of the NCI-funded National Urinary Bladder Flow Cytometry Network which established clinical flow cytometry laboratory procedures and standards (1985–1990).[12] In 1990, Weinstein was named Professor and Chair of Pathology at The University of Arizona's College of Medicine. He studied cancer multi-drug resistance at the Arizona Cancer Center.[13][14][15] He also holds academic appointments in the university's College of Pharmacy and its Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health.

In 1988–89, Weinstein was president of the United States and Canadian Academy of Pathology.[16] In 1995–1996, he was president of the International Society for Urological Pathology.[17] In 2003–04, he was president of the American Telemedicine Association.[18] In 2010–2011, he was president of the Association for Pathology Informatics.[19]

Development of telepathology and telemedicine

While a department chair at Rush Medical College in Chicago, Weinstein carried out the first public demonstration of satellite-enabled robotic telepathology, between El Paso, TX. and Washington, DC, in 1986.[20] In 1993, Weinstein patented telepathology systems and telepathology diagnostic networks.[21][22] He established an international telepathology service network linking the United States, Mexico and China.[23][24] Weinstein has been referred to as the “father of telepathology” in a 2011 journal article written by a student and a faculty member from an Indian medical school.[25] Weinstein received the Association of Pathology Informatics’ Lifetime Achievement Award.[26]

In 1996, he became Founding Director of the Arizona Telemedicine Program (ATP), which he co-founded with Arizona State Representative Robert "Bob" Burns.[27] The ATP links 160 sites in 70 communities by broadband telecommunications and has provided telemedicine services for 1.4 million cases in 61 subspecialties of medicine. He became executive director of the Institute for Advanced Telemedicine and Telehealth (T-Health Institute), a Phoenix division of the ATP, in 2004.

The ATP includes: the Tucson-based Warren Street Clinic, a dual-purpose clinical education facility which provides real-time tele-medicine specialty services across the network and hands-on training for participants in the ATP's regularly scheduled full day telemedicine courses;[28] the T-Health Amphitheater, a video conferencing center located at the T-Health Institute on the Phoenix Biomedical Campus is in downtown Phoenix;[29] and the federally-funded Southwest Telehealth Resource Center, which provides technical support and staff training for telehealth programs in the southwestern United States.[30]

Research and development

Technology innovations, classifications, and validations

Weinstein has had a career-long interest in the development of medical science research technologies including: freeze-fracture electron microscopy;[31][32] urinary bladder flow cytometry;[33] image analysis;[34] holographic microscopy;[35] robotic telepathology;[36][37] quantitative immunohistochemistry;[38] array light microscopy;[39] and digital pathology.[40]

Cancer research

Weinstein studied mechanisms of carcinogenesis, pre-cancer development, and cancer invasion and metastasis.[3][13] He studied cell membrane properties in normal epithelium, pre-cancers and cancers.[41]

Medical science education reform

To encourage the democratization of medical science knowledge, Weinstein developed a series of class-room courses on “mechanisms of diseases” that have been utilized in middle schools, high schools, and universities.[42]

Global health

Weinstein was involved in the creation and evaluation of multi-national telemedicine and telepathology programs.[23][43] In 1981–1983, he was International Councilor of the International Academy of Pathology. In 1998–1999, he was president of the International Council of Societies of Pathology, a World Health Organization registered entity. Weinstein was an advisor on telemedicine for the Minister of Health in Mexico, China, and Panama.[43] He was a frequent lecturer at international medical conferences.

Publications

Weinstein has published over 300 articles in peer reviewed scientific and pathology journals, 57 book chapters, and 11 books. These have been cited over 11,000 times in the science literature.[44]

Honors and awards

Weinstein is president emeritus of the American Telemedicine Association.[18] In 2013, he was inducted into the United States Distance Learning Association "Hall-of-Fame".[45] The T-Health Amphitheater, in Phoenix, AZ, a "Classroom-of-the-Future" co-designed by Weinstein, received the 21st Century Achievement Award, Education and Academia category, from the International Computer World Honors program.[46]

Involvement in business

In 1982, Weinstein, and his sister and business partner, Beth Newburger, co-founded OWLCAT, Inc., an early entrant in the IBM computer-based, S.A.T. examination preparation course business. Two years later, OWLCAT, Inc. was acquired by Digital Research, Inc. (DRI). DRI successfully marketed the OWLCAT education software products.[47]

In 1985, Weinstein and Newburger co-founded Corabi International Telemetrics, Inc.[48] Corabi equipped several US Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Centers with robotic telepathology systems. These were used for proof-of-concept studies validating telepathology for clinical use.[49] In 2001, Weinstein co-founded DMetrix, Inc., a spin-out company of The University of Arizona's College of Optical Sciences. DMetrix, Inc. was awarded 29 US Patents on its DX-40 ultra-rapid array microscope digital slide scanner.[21]

For his work in university technology transfer, he received the University of Arizona's "2012 Technology Innovator-of-the-Year" Award.[50]

Personal life

In 1964, Weinstein married the former Mary Corabi; they met while they were both working at Woods Hole. They have two grown children and two grandsons.[1] Dr. Weinstein died in December 2021 of heart failure.

References

  1. 1 2 Erikson, Jane (July 10, 2005). "Biomedical visionary". Arizona Daily Star.
  2. ↑ McNutt, N. Scott; Weinstein, Ronald S. (1970-12-01). "THE ULTRASTRUCTURE OF THE NEXUS: A Correlated Thin-Section and Freeze-Cleave Study". The Journal of Cell Biology. 47 (3): 666–688. doi:10.1083/jcb.47.3.666. ISSN 0021-9525. PMC 2108148. PMID 5531667.
  3. 1 2 McNutt, N. Scott; Weinstein, Ronald S. (1969-08-08). "Carcinoma of the Cervix: Deficiency of Nexus Intercellular Junctions". Science. 165 (3893): 597–598. Bibcode:1969Sci...165..597M. doi:10.1126/science.165.3893.597. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 5815840. S2CID 19900574.
  4. ↑ Weinstein, Ronald S. (1969-07-10). "The Structure of Cell Membranes". New England Journal of Medicine. 281 (2): 86–89. doi:10.1056/nejm196907102810206. ISSN 0028-4793. PMID 4891366.
  5. ↑ Steck, Theodore L.; Weinstein, Ronald S.; Straus, John H.; Wallach, Donald F. H. (1970-04-10). "Inside-Out Red Cell Membrane Vesicles: Preparation and Puirification". Science. 168 (3928): 255–257. Bibcode:1970Sci...168..255S. doi:10.1126/science.168.3928.255. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 5418644. S2CID 35056880.
  6. ↑ WEINSTEIN, R (1972). "Effects of continuous inhalation of dichloromethane in the mouse: Morphologic and functional observations*1". Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. 23 (4): 660–679. doi:10.1016/0041-008x(72)90107-x. PMID 4118878.
  7. ↑ Weinstein, Ronald S.; George, Marilyn E.; Steingart, Richard H. (1975). "Contribution of Heinz bodies to alterations in red cell deformability". Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. 32 (3): 545–558. doi:10.1016/0041-008x(75)90119-2. PMID 1154414.
  8. ↑ Scott McNutt, N.; Weinstein, Ronald S. (1973). "Membrane ultrastructure at mammalian intercellular junctions". Progress in Biophysics and Molecular Biology. 26: 45–101. doi:10.1016/0079-6107(73)90017-5. PMID 4122630.
  9. ↑ Weinstein, Ronald S. (1976-07-01). "Changes in Plasma Membrane Structure Associated with Malignant Transformation in Human Urinary Bladder Epithelium". Cancer Research. 36 (7 Part 2): 2518–2524. ISSN 0008-5472. PMID 1277160.
  10. ↑ Weinstein, Ronald S.; Merk, Frederick B.; Alroy, Joseph (1976). The Structure and Function of Intercellular Junctions in Cancer. Advances in Cancer Research. Vol. 23. pp. 23–89. doi:10.1016/s0065-230x(08)60543-6. ISBN 9780120066230. PMID 179291.
  11. ↑ Heney, NM; Koontz, WW; Barton, B; Soloway, M; Trump, DL; Hazra, T; Weinstein, RS (December 1988). "Intravesical thiotepa versus mitomycin C in patients with Ta, T1 and TIS transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder: a phase III prospective randomized study". The Journal of Urology. 140 (6): 1390–1393. doi:10.1016/S0022-5347(17)42052-0. ISSN 0022-5347. PMID 3143016.
  12. ↑ Aamodt, R. L.; Coon, J. S.; Deitch, A.; White, R. W. deVere; Koss, L. G.; Melamed, M. R.; Weinstein, R. S.; Wheeless, L. L. (1992-02-01). "Flow cytometric evaluation of bladder cancer: recommendations of the NCI flow cytometry network for bladder cancer". World Journal of Urology. 10 (1): 63–67. doi:10.1007/BF00186094. ISSN 0724-4983. S2CID 23883977.
  13. 1 2 Weinstein, Ronald S.; Jakate, Shriram M.; Dominguez, Jose M.; Lebovitz, Miriam D.; Koukoulis, George K.; Kuszak, Jerome R.; Klusens, Larry F.; Grogan, Thomas M.; Saclarides, Theodore J. (1991-05-15). "Relationship of the Expression of the Multidrug Resistance Gene Product (P-Glycoprotein) in Human Colon Carcinoma to Local Tumor Aggressiveness and Lymph Node Metastasis". Cancer Research. 51 (10): 2720–2726. ISSN 0008-5472. PMID 1673639.
  14. ↑ Grogan, T. M.; Spier, C. M.; Salmon, S. E.; Matzner, M.; Rybski, J.; Weinstein, R. S.; Scheper, R. J.; Dalton, W. S. (1993-01-15). "P-glycoprotein expression in human plasma cell myeloma: correlation with prior chemotherapy". Blood. 81 (2): 490–495. doi:10.1182/blood.V81.2.490.490. ISSN 0006-4971. PMID 8093668.
  15. ↑ Bellamy, W. T.; Mendibles, Pamela; Bontje, Petra; Thompson, Floyd; Richter, Lynne; Weinstein, Ronald S.; Grogan, Thomas M.; Gorgan, T. M. (1996-01-01). "Development of an orthotopic SCID mouse-human tumor xenograft model displaying the multidrug-resistant phenotype". Cancer Chemotherapy and Pharmacology. 37 (4): 305–316. doi:10.1007/s002800050390. ISSN 0344-5704. PMID 8548875. S2CID 21001345.
  16. ↑ Past Presidents: Ronald S. Weinstein. United States and Canadian Academy of Pathology. Retrieved November 18, 2017.
  17. ↑ "History | ISUP". isupweb.org. Retrieved 2018-01-16.
  18. 1 2 Past Presidents. American Telemedicine Association. Retrieved November 18, 2017.
  19. ↑ "API Governing Council - Association for Pathology Informatics". www.pathologyinformatics.org. Retrieved 2018-01-16.
  20. ↑ Colburn, Don (1986-08-27). "The Next Best Thing To Being". Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved 2017-12-20.
  21. 1 2 Cucoranu, IoanC.; Pantanowitz, Liron; Parwani, AnilV.; Vepa, Suryanarayana; Weinstein, RonaldS. (2014-01-01). "Digital pathology: A systematic evaluation of the patent landscape". Journal of Pathology Informatics. 5 (1): 16. doi:10.4103/2153-3539.133112. PMC 4060404. PMID 25057430.
  22. ↑ Eren, Halit; Webster, John G. (2015-12-01). Telemedicine and Electronic Medicine. CRC Press. pp. 581–596. ISBN 9781482236590.
  23. 1 2 Weinstein, RS; Bhattacharyya, A; Yu, YP; Davis, JR; Byers, JM; Graham, AR; Martinez, R (1995). "Pathology consultation services via the Arizona-International Telemedicine Network". Archives d'Anatomie et de Cytologie Pathologiques. 43 (4): 219–26. ISSN 0395-501X. PMID 8526556.
  24. ↑ Halliday, Bradford E; Bhattacharyya, A.K; Graham, Anna R; Davis, John R; Leavitt, S.Anne; Nagle, Ray B; Mclaughlin, Wendy J; Rivas, Ricardo A; Martinez, Ralph (1997). "Diagnostic accuracy of an international static-imaging telepathology consultation service". Human Pathology. 28 (1): 17–21. doi:10.1016/s0046-8177(97)90273-2. PMID 9013826.
  25. ↑ Sankaye, Smita; Kachewar, Sushil (2011). "Telepathology for effective healthcare in developing nations". The Australasian Medical Journal. 4 (11): 592–595. doi:10.4066/AMJ.2011.855. PMC 3562914. PMID 23386872.
  26. ↑ API Lifetime Achievement Award. Association of Pathology Informatics. Retrieved November 18, 2017.
  27. ↑ Del Grande, David J. (September 22, 2017). "UA telehealth pioneer sees program thriving". Arizona Jewish Post. Retrieved November 18, 2017.
  28. ↑ "Training | telemedicine.arizona.edu". telemedicine.arizona.edu. Retrieved 2018-01-16.
  29. ↑ "T-Health Institute | telemedicine.arizona.edu". telemedicine.arizona.edu. Retrieved 2018-01-16.
  30. ↑ "Southwest Telehealth Resource Center Helps Rural Providers Connect - The Rural Monitor". The Rural Monitor. 2017-08-23. Retrieved 2018-01-16.
  31. ↑ Weinstein RS, McNutt NS: Heat etching with a Bullivant Type II simple freeze cleave device. Proc Electron Micros Soc Am 1970; 28:106 107
  32. ↑ Branton, Daniel; Bullivant, Stanley; Gilula, Norton B.; Karnovsky, Morris J.; Moor, H.; Mühlethaler, K.; Northcote, D. H.; Packer, Lester; Satir, Birgit (1975). "Freeze-Etching Nomenclature". Science. 190 (4209): 54–56. Bibcode:1975Sci...190...54B. doi:10.1126/science.1166299. JSTOR 1740879. PMID 1166299. S2CID 11846420.
  33. ↑ Coon JS, Weinstein RS, (ed): Diagnostic Flow Cytometry. Williams and Wilkens, Co., Baltimore, pp. 1-199, 1991
  34. ↑ Bacus, JW; Wiley, EL; Galbraith, W; Marshall, PN; Wilbanks, GD; Weinstein, RS (June 1984). "Malignant cell detection and cervical cancer screening". Analytical and Quantitative Cytology. 6 (2): 121–30. ISSN 0190-0471. PMID 6465697.
  35. ↑ Haddad, W. S.; Cullen, D.; Boyer, K.; Rhodes, C. K.; Solem, J. C.; Weinstein, R. S. (1988). "Design for a Fourier-Transform Holographic Microscope". X-Ray Microscopy II. Springer Series in Optical Sciences. Vol. 56. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. pp. 284–287. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-39246-0_49. ISBN 9783662144909.
  36. ↑ Weinstein, RS; Bloom, KJ; Rozek, LS (July 1987). "Telepathology and the networking of pathology diagnostic services". Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine. 111 (7): 646–52. ISSN 0003-9985. PMID 3606341.
  37. ↑ Eren, Halit; Webster, John G. (2015-12-01). Telemedicine and Electronic Medicine. CRC Press. pp. 577–591. ISBN 9781482236590.
  38. ↑ Beck, William T.; Grogan, Thomas M.; Willman, Cheryl L.; Cordon-Cardo, Carlos; Parham, David M.; Kuttesch, John F.; Andreeff, Michael; Bates, Susan E.; Berard, Costan W. (1996-07-01). "Methods to Detect P-Glycoprotein-associated Multidrug Resistance in Patients' Tumors: Consensus Recommendations". Cancer Research. 56 (13): 3010–3020. ISSN 0008-5472. PMID 8674056.
  39. ↑ Weinstein, Ronald S.; Descour, Michael R.; Liang, Chen; Barker, Gail; Scott, Katherine M.; Richter, Lynne; Krupinski, Elizabeth A.; Bhattacharyya, Achyut K.; Davis, John R. (2004). "An array microscope for ultrarapid virtual slide processing and telepathology. Design, fabrication, and validation study". Human Pathology. 35 (11): 1303–1314. doi:10.1016/j.humpath.2004.09.002. PMID 15668886.
  40. ↑ Kayser K, Molnar B, Weinstein RS. Digital Pathology Virtual Slide Technology in Tissue-based Diagnosis, Research and Education. VSV Interdisciplinary Medical Publishing, Berlin, 2006, pp.1-193
  41. ↑ Bock, Gregory R.; Clark, Sarah (2008-04-30). Junctional Complexes of Epithelial Cells. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 240–260. ISBN 9780470513415.
  42. ↑ Weinstein, Ronald S.; Waer, Amy L.; Weinstein, John B.; Briehl, Margaret M.; Holcomb, Michael J.; Erps, Kristine A.; Holtrust, Angelette L.; Tomkins, Julie M.; Barker, Gail P.; Krupinski, Elizabeth A. (2017). "Second Flexner Century: The Democratization of Medical Knowledge". Academic Pathology. 4. doi:10.1177/2374289517718872. PMC 5521343. PMID 28782004.
  43. 1 2 Vega, Silvio; Marciscano, Ivette; Holcomb, Michael; Erps, Kristine A.; Major, Janet; Lopez, Ana Maria; Barker, Gail P.; Weinstein, Ronald S. (2013-08-09). "Testing a Top-Down Strategy for Establishing a Sustainable Telemedicine Program in a Developing Country: The Arizona Telemedicine Program–U.S. Army–Republic of Panama Initiative". Telemedicine and e-Health. 19 (10): 746–753. doi:10.1089/tmj.2013.0025. ISSN 1530-5627. PMID 23931731.
  44. ↑ "Ronald S Weinstein | The University of Arizona (UA) | ResearchGate". ResearchGate. Retrieved 2018-01-17.
  45. ↑ "Hall of Fame". www.usdla.org. Retrieved 2017-12-19.
  46. ↑ "Computerworld Honors Program - 2008 Awards Ceremony". cwhonors.org. Retrieved 2017-12-19.
  47. ↑ Inc, Ziff Davis (1984-09-18). PC Mag. Ziff Davis, Inc. p. 321. {{cite book}}: |last= has generic name (help)
  48. ↑ "Dry Spell Is Ending For High-tech Oasis". tribunedigital-chicagotribune. Retrieved 2018-01-17.
  49. ↑ Dunn, Bruce E; Almagro, Urias A; Choi, Hongyung; Sheth, Neela K; Arnold, James S; Recla, Daniel L; Krupinski, Elizabeth A; Graham, Anna R; Weinstein, Ronald S (1997). "Dynamic-robotic telepathology: Department of veterans affairs feasibility study". Human Pathology. 28 (1): 8–12. doi:10.1016/s0046-8177(97)90271-9. PMID 9013824.
  50. ↑ Beal, Tom (March 7, 2012). "UA honors innovators for ideas to save lives". Arizona Daily Star.
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