Pantera
History
Russia
Name	K-317
Builder	Sevmash, Severodvinsk
Yard number	822
Laid down	6 November 1986
Launched	21 May 1990
Commissioned	27 December 1990
Renamed	Pantera (Барнаул)
Namesake	Panthera
Homeport	Gadzhiyevo
Identification	See Pennant numbers
Status	Active
General characteristics
Class and type	Akula-class submarine
Displacement	8,010–14,470 long tons (8,140–14,700 t) surfaced 12,570 long tons (12,770 t) submerged
Length	110.3 m (361 ft 11 in)[1] maximum
Beam	13.6 m (44 ft 7 in)
Draught	9.7 m (31 ft 10 in)
Propulsion	one 190 MW OK-650B/OK-650M pressurized water nuclear reactor (HEU <= 45%[2]) 1 OK-7 steam turbine 43,000 hp (32 MW) 2 OK-2 Turbogenerators producing 2 MW 1 seven-bladed propeller 2 OK-300 retractable electric propulsors for low-speed and quiet maneuvering at 5 knots (9.3 km/h; 5.8 mph)
Speed	10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph) surfaced 28–35 knots (52–65 km/h; 32–40 mph) submerged[3]
Endurance	100 days[4]
Test depth	480 m (1,570 ft)
Complement	73[5]
Sensors and processing systems	MGK-500 or 540 active/passive suite Flank arrays Pelamida towed array sonar MG-70 mine detection sonar
Electronic warfare & decoys	Bukhta ESM/ECM MG-74 Korund noise simulation decoys (fired from external tubes) MT-70 Sonar intercept receiver Nikhrom-M IFF
Armament	4 × 533 mm torpedo tubes (28 torpedoes) and 4 × 650 mm torpedo tubes (12 torpedoes). 1–3 × Igla-M surface-to-air missile launcher fired from sail (surface use only) Granat cruise missiles, now Kalibr
Notes	Chiblis Surface Search radar Medvyeditsa-945 Navigation system Molniya-M Satellite communications MGK-80 Underwater communications Tsunami, Kiparis, Anis, Sintez and Kora Communications antennas Paravan Towed VLF Antenna Vspletsk Combat direction system

The K-317 Pantera is an Akula-class submarine in the Russian Navy.

Design

Project 971 has a double-hull design. The robust body is made of high quality alloy steel with σт = 1 GPa (10,000 kgf / cm²). To simplify the installation of equipment, the boat was designed using zonal blocks, which made it possible to transfer a significant amount of work from the cramped conditions of the sub's compartments directly to the workshop. After completion of the installation, the zonal unit is “rolled” into the hull of the boat and connected to the main cables and pipelines of the ship's systems.^[6] A two-stage damping system is used: all mechanisms are placed on damped foundations, in addition, each zone unit is isolated from the body by rubber-cord pneumatic shock absorbers.^[6] In addition to reducing the overall noise level of nuclear submarines, such a scheme can reduce the impact of underwater explosions on equipment and crew.^[7][6] The boat has a developed vertical tail unit with a streamlined boule, in which the towed antenna is located. Also on the submarine are two reclining thrusters and retractable bow horizontal rudders with flaps. A feature of the project is the smoothly mated connection of the tail unit to the hull. This is done to reduce noise-generating hydrodynamic eddies.

Power supply is carried out by a nuclear power plant. The lead boat, K-284 Akula, is equipped with an OK-650M.01 pressurized water-cooled nuclear reactor. On later orders, the AEU has minor improvements. Some sources report that subsequent boats are equipped with OK-9VM reactors.^[8] The thermal power of the reactor is 190 MW, the shaft power is 50,000 liters. with. Two auxiliary electric motors in the hinged outboard columns have a capacity of 410 hp. with., there is one diesel generator ASDG-1000.

Construction and career

The submarine was laid down on 6 November 1986 at Sevmash, Severodvinsk. Launched on 21 May 1990 and commissioned on 27 December 1990.^[9]

Initially, the boat carried only tactical numbers, but on 10 October 1990, the Commander-in-Chief of the USSR Navy V.N. which opened in 1919, gave the name Pantera.^[10]

In 1993, under the leadership of Captain I Rank Vasily Mikhalchuk, the crew of the boat won the prize of the Commander-in-Chief of the Navy and took first place in the Navy in anti-submarine training.^[11]

In 1996, during a military campaign, as a result of an accident in the refrigeration system, freon began to flow into the compartments, the crew was able to eliminate the malfunction on their own without surfacing.^[12]

In January 1999, the commander of the submarine, Captain 1st Rank Sergei Spravtsev was awarded the title of Hero of Russia.^[12]

Until the end of the 1990s, he made 2 military campaigns and performed a search operation.^[10]

The submarine needed to replace the battery, the GAK needed to be repaired.^[10]

On 2 November 2006, during the welding work in the third compartment, a fire broke out. Two firefighters were poisoned by combustion products.^[12][13]

His overhaul and modernization were completed in 2007.^[14] During the repair, the hydroacoustic complex, communication and control equipment were modernized.^[15]

On 28 January 2008, after the completion of the repair, he was accepted into the combat composition of the Navy. he became a part of the 24th submarine of the 12th Eskpl of the Northern Fleet (Gadzhiyevo) based in the Yagelnaya Bay of the Sayda Bay.^[13]

Citations