Séamus McElwaine
Séamus McElwaine mug shot (1983)
Born1 April 1960
County Monaghan, Republic of Ireland
Died26 April 1986 (aged 26)
Roslea, Northern Ireland
OccupationProvisional IRA Volunteer
Known forProvisional Irish Republican Army, Maze Prison escape
Military career
AllegianceIrish Republic
Service/branchIrish Republican Army
RankCommander
UnitSouth Fermanagh Brigade

Séamus Turlough McElwaine (also spelt Seamus McElwain; 1 April 1960 – 26 April 1986[1]) was a volunteer in the South Fermanagh Brigade of the Provisional Irish Republican Army (IRA) during The Troubles, who was killed by British special forces while preparing to ambush an army patrol.

Early life

McElwaine was the oldest of eight children and was born and grew up in the townland of Knockacullion, beside the hamlet and townland of Knockatallon, near the village of Scotstown in the north-west of County Monaghan in the Republic of Ireland.[1][2]

McElwaine took his first steps towards becoming involved in physical force republicanism when he joined Na Fianna Éireann aged 14. At the age of 16, McElwaine turned down an opportunity to study in the United States and joined the IRA, stating "no one will ever be able to accuse me of running away".[1][3]

Paramilitary activities

Gravestone of Séamus McElwaine

McElwaine was an active member of the IRA, who became Officer Commanding of the IRA in County Fermanagh by the age of 19.[3] On 5 February 1980, McElwaine killed off-duty Ulster Defence Regiment (UDR) corporal Aubrey Abercrombie as he drove a tractor in the townland of Drumacabranagher, near Florencecourt. Later that year, on 23 September, McElwaine killed off-duty Royal Ulster Constabulary (RUC) Reserve Constable Ernest Johnston outside his home in Roslea.[3][4] McElwaine was suspected of involvement in at least 10 other killings[5][6] including the attempted murder of RUC officer John Kelly, who was the father of future Democratic Unionist Party politician Arlene Foster, at their farm near Aghadrumsee in 1979.[7][8]

On 14 March 1981, a detachment of the British Army surrounded a farmhouse near Roslea, containing McElwaine and three other IRA members. Despite being armed with four rifles, including an Armalite, the IRA members surrendered and were arrested.[3] While on remand in Crumlin Road Gaol, McElwaine stood in the February 1982 Irish general election as an independent candidate for Cavan–Monaghan and received 3,974 votes (6.84% of the vote).[9][10] In May 1982 McElwaine was convicted of murdering the RUC and UDR members, with the judge describing him as a "dangerous killer" and recommending he spend at least 30 years in prison.[3]

On 25 September 1983, McElwaine was involved in the Maze Prison escape, the largest break-out of prisoners in Europe since World War II and in British prison history. 38 republican prisoners, armed with 6 handguns, hijacked a prison meals lorry and smashed their way out of the Maze prison.[3][11]

After the escape, he joined an IRA active service unit operating in the area of the border between Counties Monaghan and Fermanagh. The unit targeted police and military patrols with gun and bomb attacks, while sleeping rough in barns and outhouses to avoid capture.[12]

Death

Monument in Corlat, Knockatallon, erected in memory of Séamus McElwaine

In April 1986, a British Army patrol near Roslea in the south-east of County Fermanagh discovered an improvised land mine attached to a command wire in a hedgerow and reported the discovery to their superior officers. A detachment from the Special Air Service Regiment was ordered to establish a covert observation post nearby and keep the improvised explosive device under surveillance.[13]

At approximately 5am on the morning of 26 April 1986, McElwaine and another IRA member, Seán Lynch from near Lisnaskea, approached the scene and were ambushed by the hidden SAS soilders.[14][15] Both were severely wounded; McElwaine was questioned then shot dead while incapacitated, while Lynch managed to escape the initial ambush before being arrested the following morning in a search by the British Army and RUC.[16][17][18]

McElwaine was buried in Scotstown, his funeral was attended by an estimated 3,000 people, including Gerry Adams and Martin McGuinness; the latter gave an oration describing McElwaine as "a brave intelligent soldier, a young man who gave up his youth to fight for the freedom of his country" and "an Irish freedom fighter murdered by British terrorists".[19]

Aftermath

In 1987, McElwaine's father, Jimmy, a longtime member of Monaghan County Council, became the chairman of the Séamus McElwain Cumann of Republican Sinn Féin.[20]

On 1 April 1990, a monument to McElwaine was erected in Corlat, a townland beside Knockatallon in the north-west of County Monaghan. The oration was given by a Catholic priest, Father Piaras Ó Dúill, who compared McElwaine to Nelson Mandela, saying they both had the same attitude to oppression and both refused to denounce principle.[21] The inscription on the monument is a quote from Patrick Pearse; "As long as Ireland is unfree the only honourable attitude for Irishmen and Irishwomen is an attitude of revolt".[22] A monument to McElwaine and six other republicans was erected in Roslea in 1998, and unveiled by veteran republican Joe Cahill.[6]

In January 1993, an inquest jury returned a verdict that McElwaine had been unlawfully killed. The jury ruled the soldiers had opened fire without giving him a chance to surrender, and that he was shot dead five minutes after being wounded.[17][18] The Director of Public Prosecutions requested a full report on the inquest from the RUC, but no one has been prosecuted for McElwaine's death.[5][17][18][23]

In April 2006, approximately 1,000 people in Roslea paid tribute to McElwaine during the traditional Easter Commemoration to mark the 90th anniversary of the Easter Rising. Victims groups and unionist politicians, including Democratic Unionist Party member Arlene Foster, had asked the Parades Commission to ban the parade from the area where McElwaine was killed, describing him as an "evil murderer", but the Commission ruled the commemoration could proceed without any restriction.[24] In Corlat, two weeks later, some 500 people attended the launch of a documentary film about McElwaine, Life and death of an IRA activist, marking the 20th anniversary of his death.[25]

References

  1. 1 2 3 Tírghrá. National Commemoration Centre. 2002. p. 278. ISBN 0-9542946-0-2.
  2. ↑ Murray, Raymond (2004). The SAS in Ireland. Mercier Press. p. 369. ISBN 1-85635-437-7.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Urban, Mark (1993). Big Boys' Rules: SAS and the Secret Struggle Against the IRA. Faber and Faber. pp. 141–42, 166. ISBN 0-571-16809-4.
  4. ↑ Malcolm Sutton. "An Index of Deaths from the Conflict in Ireland". CAIN. Retrieved 15 April 2007.
  5. 1 2 "Division over parade for Seamus McElwaine". Impartial Reporter. 6 April 2006.
  6. 1 2 Colin Randall (5 October 1998). "Anger over memorial in honour of IRA killer". The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on 13 March 2005. Retrieved 16 April 2007.
  7. ↑ "Foster criticises tribute to IRA man linked to murder bid on her father". Irish Breaking News. 27 April 2021.
  8. ↑ "Arlene Foster relives horror of father's shooting by IRA and tells how bus blast could have killed her". Belfast Telegraph. 18 December 2015.
  9. ↑ Moloney, Ed (2002). A Secret History of the IRA. Penguin Books. p. 291. ISBN 0-14-101041-X.
  10. ↑ "Elections Ireland: Séamus McElwaine". ElectionsIreland.org. Retrieved 16 April 2007.
  11. ↑ Nicola Byrne (21 September 2003). "Maze party with jelly and ice cream". The Observer. Retrieved 16 April 2007.
  12. ↑ The Provisional IRA. Corgi Books. 1987. p. 419. ISBN 0-552-13337-X.
  13. ↑ "An emotional bus tour tells the stories of the IRA's victims". The Irish Times. 12 August 2017.
  14. ↑ "Séamus McElwaine Shot Dead". RTE News. 26 April 1986.
  15. ↑ Urban, Mark (1993). Big Boys' Rules: SAS and the Secret Struggle Against the IRA. Faber and Faber. pp. 218–219. ISBN 0-571-16809-4.
  16. ↑ "Interview : Seán Lynch - from Long Kesh to the District Policing Partnership". An Phoblacht. 22 May 2008.
  17. 1 2 3 "Amnesty International Report 1994 - United Kingdom". Refworld.org. 1 January 1994. Retrieved 5 November 2016.
  18. 1 2 3 "United Kingdom/Northern Ireland Human Rights, 1993". U.S. Department of State. 31 January 1994. Archived from the original on 17 July 2011. Retrieved 16 October 2018.
  19. ↑ Taylor, Peter (2001). Brits. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 257. ISBN 0-7475-5806-X.
  20. ↑ "Jimmy McElwain". Saoirse Irish Freedom. September 2000. Retrieved 14 December 2020.
  21. ↑ "Séamus McElwaine Memorial". Saoirse Irish Freedom. May 1990. Retrieved 24 August 2007.
  22. ↑ Jim Gibney (15 June 2006). "Conference: Spirit of McElwaine evident among delegates". An Phoblacht. Retrieved 21 August 2020.
  23. ↑ "House of Commons Hansard Debates for 18 January 1993". House of Commons. 18 January 1993. Retrieved 15 April 2007.
  24. ↑ "Protests catalyst for a show of strength". Impartial Reporter. 20 April 2006.
  25. ↑ Brian Mac Domhnaill (25 May 2006). "Remembering McElwain". An Phoblacht. Retrieved 21 August 2020.
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