SRD5A2

SRD5A2
Identifiers
Aliases	SRD5A2, entrez:6716, steroid 5 alpha-reductase 2
External IDs	OMIM: 607306 MGI: 2150380 HomoloGene: 37292 GeneCards: SRD5A2
Gene location (Human)
Chr.	Chromosome 2 (human)
End	31,580,938 bp
Gene location (Mouse)
Chr.	Chromosome 17 (mouse)
End	74,354,911 bp
RNA expression pattern
	Top expressed in
	corpus epididymis; ; bronchial epithelial cell; ; right uterine tube; ; liver; ; right lobe of liver; ; caput epididymis; ; prostate; ; seminal vesicula; ; urethra; ; vagina;
	Top expressed in
	adrenal gland; ; olfactory epithelium; ; proximal tubule; ; ejaculatory duct; ; female urethra; ; seminal vesicula; ; kidney; ; left colon; ; secondary oocyte; ; left lobe of liver;
	More reference expression data
	More reference expression data
Gene ontology
Molecular function	oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-CH group of donors; sterol 5-alpha reductase activity; cholestenone 5-alpha-reductase activity; amide binding; oxidoreductase activity; 3-oxo-5-alpha-steroid 4-dehydrogenase activity; testosterone dehydrogenase [NAD(P) activity];
Cellular component	cytoplasm; organelle membrane; integral component of membrane; membrane; cell body fiber; intracellular membrane-bounded organelle; neuronal cell body; endoplasmic reticulum; endoplasmic reticulum membrane;
Biological process	cell differentiation; male gonad development; phthalate metabolic process; biphenyl metabolic process; response to organic cyclic compound; lipid metabolism; response to testosterone; response to steroid hormone; cell-cell signaling; response to peptide hormone; sex differentiation; response to organic substance; steroid catabolic process; response to nutrient levels; dibenzo-p-dioxin metabolic process; hypothalamus development; bone development; hippocampus development; response to follicle-stimulating hormone; androgen metabolic process; steroid metabolic process; androgen biosynthetic process; male genitalia development; female genitalia development; progesterone metabolic process; testosterone biosynthetic process; steroid biosynthetic process;
	Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
	6716
	94224
	ENSG00000277893
	ENSMUSG00000038541
	P31213
	Q99N99
	NM_000348
	NM_053188
	NP_000339
	NP_444418
	Wikidata
View/Edit Human	View/Edit Mouse

The human gene SRD5A2 encodes the 3-oxo-5α-steroid 4-dehydrogenase 2 enzyme, also known as 5α-reductase type 2 (5αR2),^[5]^[6] one of three isozymes of 5α-reductase.

5αR2 catalyzes the conversion of the male sex hormone testosterone into the more potent androgen, dihydrotestosterone.

5αR2 is a microsomal protein expressed at high levels in androgen-sensitive tissues such as the prostate. The enzyme is active at acidic pH and is sensitive to the 4-azasteroid inhibitor finasteride. Deficiencies in 5αR2 activity of the can lead to a condition known as 5α-reductase 2 deficiency, which is a cause of 46,XY DSD that presents as atypical male genitalia.

References

1 2 3 GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000277893 - Ensembl, May 2017
1 2 3 GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000038541 - Ensembl, May 2017
↑ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
↑ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
↑ Thigpen AE, Davis DL, Milatovich A, Mendonca BB, Imperato-McGinley J, Griffin JE, Francke U, Wilson JD, Russell DW (Oct 1992). "Molecular genetics of steroid 5 alpha-reductase 2 deficiency". J Clin Invest. 90 (3): 799–809. doi:10.1172/JCI115954. PMC 329933. PMID 1522235.
↑ "SRD5A2 steroid 5 alpha-reductase 2 [Homo sapiens (human)] - Gene - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 31 August 2021.

Thigpen AE, Davis DL, Gautier T, et al. (1992). "Brief report: the molecular basis of steroid 5 alpha-reductase deficiency in a large Dominican kindred". N. Engl. J. Med. 327 (17): 1216–9. doi:10.1056/NEJM199210223271706. PMID 1406794.
Labrie F, Sugimoto Y, Luu-The V, et al. (1992). "Structure of human type II 5 alpha-reductase gene". Endocrinology. 131 (3): 1571–3. doi:10.1210/endo.131.3.1505484. PMID 1505484.
Andersson S, Berman DM, Jenkins EP, Russell DW (1991). "Deletion of steroid 5 alpha-reductase 2 gene in male pseudohermaphroditism". Nature. 354 (6349): 159–61. Bibcode:1991Natur.354..159A. doi:10.1038/354159a0. PMC 4451825. PMID 1944596.
Boudon C, Lobaccaro JM, Lumbroso S, et al. (1995). "A new deletion of the 5 alpha-reductase type 2 gene in a Turkish family with 5 alpha-reductase deficiency". Clin. Endocrinol. 43 (2): 183–8. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2265.1995.tb01913.x. PMID 7554313. S2CID 84417489.
Thigpen AE, Silver RI, Guileyardo JM, et al. (1993). "Tissue distribution and ontogeny of steroid 5 alpha-reductase isozyme expression". J. Clin. Invest. 92 (2): 903–10. doi:10.1172/JCI116665. PMC 294929. PMID 7688765.
Cai LQ, Zhu YS, Katz MD, et al. (1996). "5 alpha-reductase-2 gene mutations in the Dominican Republic". J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 81 (5): 1730–5. doi:10.1210/jcem.81.5.8626825. PMID 8626825.
Hochberg Z, Chayen R, Reiss N, et al. (1996). "Clinical, biochemical, and genetic findings in a large pedigree of male and female patients with 5 alpha-reductase 2 deficiency". J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 81 (8): 2821–7. doi:10.1210/jcem.81.8.8768837. PMID 8768837.
Vilchis F, Canto P, Chávez B, et al. (1997). "Molecular analysis of the 5 alpha-steroid reductase type 2 gene in a family with deficiency of the enzyme". Am. J. Med. Genet. 69 (1): 69–72. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1096-8628(19970303)69:1<69::AID-AJMG13>3.0.CO;2-M. PMID 9066886.
Anwar R, Gilbey SG, New JP, Markham AF (1997). "Male pseudohermaphroditism resulting from a novel mutation in the human steroid 5 alpha-reductase type 2 gene (SRD5A2)". Mol. Pathol. 50 (1): 51–2. doi:10.1136/mp.50.1.51. PMC 379579. PMID 9208814.
Can S, Zhu YS, Cai LQ, et al. (1998). "The identification of 5 alpha-reductase-2 and 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase-3 gene defects in male pseudohermaphrodites from a Turkish kindred". J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 83 (2): 560–9. doi:10.1210/jcem.83.2.4535. PMID 9467575.
Nordenskjöld A, Ivarsson SA (1998). "Molecular characterization of 5 alpha-reductase type 2 deficiency and fertility in a Swedish family". J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 83 (9): 3236–8. doi:10.1210/jcem.83.9.5125. PMID 9745434.
Nordenskjöld A, Magnus O, Aagenaes O, Knudtzon J (1999). "Homozygous mutation (A228T) in the 5alpha-reductase type 2 gene in a boy with 5alpha-reductase deficiency: genotype-phenotype correlations". Am. J. Med. Genet. 80 (3): 269–72. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1096-8628(19981116)80:3<269::AID-AJMG18>3.0.CO;2-T. PMID 9843052.
Nnane IP, Kato K, Liu Y, et al. (1999). "Inhibition of androgen synthesis in human testicular and prostatic microsomes and in male rats by novel steroidal compounds". Endocrinology. 140 (6): 2891–7. doi:10.1210/endo.140.6.6832. PMID 10342882.
Makridakis NM, Ross RK, Pike MC, et al. (1999). "Association of mis-sense substitution in SRD5A2 gene with prostate cancer in African-American and Hispanic men in Los Angeles, USA". Lancet. 354 (9183): 975–8. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(98)11282-5. PMID 10501358. S2CID 23565454.
Vilchis F, Méndez JP, Canto P, et al. (2000). "Identification of missense mutations in the SRD5A2 gene from patients with steroid 5alpha-reductase 2 deficiency". Clin. Endocrinol. 52 (3): 383–7. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2265.2000.00941.x. PMID 10718838. S2CID 25689395.
Hellwinkel OJ, Müller A, Struve D, Hiort O (2000). "Influence of androgens and age on androgen receptor and 5 alpha-reductase II transcription". Eur. J. Endocrinol. 143 (2): 217–25. doi:10.1530/eje.0.1430217. PMID 10913941.
Chávez B, Valdez E, Vilchis F (2000). "Uniparental disomy in steroid 5alpha-reductase 2 deficiency". J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 85 (9): 3147–50. doi:10.1210/jcem.85.9.6786. PMID 10999800. S2CID 84382616.
Kim KS, Liu W, Cunha GR, et al. (2002). "Expression of the androgen receptor and 5 alpha-reductase type 2 in the developing human fetal penis and urethra". Cell Tissue Res. 307 (2): 145–53. doi:10.1007/s004410100464. PMID 11845321. S2CID 3345015.
Hiort O, Schütt SM, Bals-Pratsch M, et al. (2002). "A novel homozygous disruptive mutation in the SRD5A2-gene in a partially virilized patient with 5alpha-reductase deficiency". Int. J. Androl. 25 (1): 55–8. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2605.2002.00325.x. PMID 11869378.

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[refGRCh38Ensembl-1] 1 2 3 GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000277893 - Ensembl, May 2017

[refGRCm38Ensembl-2] 1 2 3 GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000038541 - Ensembl, May 2017

[3] "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[4] "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[pmid1522235-5] Thigpen AE, Davis DL, Milatovich A, Mendonca BB, Imperato-McGinley J, Griffin JE, Francke U, Wilson JD, Russell DW (Oct 1992). "Molecular genetics of steroid 5 alpha-reductase 2 deficiency". J Clin Invest. 90 (3): 799–809. doi:10.1172/JCI115954. PMC 329933. PMID 1522235.

[6] "SRD5A2 steroid 5 alpha-reductase 2 [Homo sapiens (human)] - Gene - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 31 August 2021.

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Oxidoreductases: CH–CH oxidoreductases (EC 1.3)
1.3.1: NAD/NADP acceptor	Enoyl-acyl carrier protein reductase/Enoyl ACP reductase 7-Dehydrocholesterol reductase Biliverdin reductase 2,4 Dienoyl-CoA reductase Dihydroxymethyloxo-tetrahydroquinoline dehydrogenase
1.3.3: Oxygen acceptor	Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase Coproporphyrinogen III oxidase Protoporphyrinogen oxidase Bilirubin oxidase Acyl-CoA oxidase Dihydrouracil oxidase Tetrahydroberberine oxidase Secologanin synthase Tryptophan alpha,beta-oxidase Pyrroloquinoline-quinone synthase L-galactonolactone oxidase
1.3.5: Quinone	Succinate dehydrogenase SDHA SDHB SDHC SDHD
1.3.99: Other acceptors	Fumarate reductase Butyryl-CoA dehydrogenase Acyl CoA dehydrogenase ACADSB ACADS 5α-reductase SRD5A1 SRD5A2 SRD5A3 Glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase Isovaleryl coenzyme A dehydrogenase 3-oxo-5beta-steroid 4-dehydrogenase

See also

References

Further reading