History
United States
NameRobert E. Lee
OperatorEastern Steamship Lines
BuilderNewport News Shipbuilding
Completed1924
FateTorpedoed by U-166 on 30 July 1942
General characteristics
TypePassenger ship
Tonnage5,184
Length373 ft (114 m)
Beam54 ft (16 m)
Depth29 ft (8.8 m)
S.S. Robert E. Lee and U-166 (shipwrecks and remains)
AreaAdjacent to the U-166 submarine remains
NRHP reference No.100002558[1]
Added to NRHP7 December 2018

SS Robert E. Lee was a steam passenger ship built for the Eastern Steamship Lines in 1924.[2] It was sunk on 30 July 1942 after being torpedoed by the German submarine U-166 on its return to New Orleans.[3]

Construction

SS Robert E. Lee was built in Newport News, Virginia, and finished construction in 1924. The ship had a keel length of 375 feet (114 m), a beam length of 54 feet (16 m), and a depth of 29 feet (8.8 m). The ship was constructed to primarily transport passengers between Virginia and New York.[2]

History

A Type IXC U-boat similar to U-166

In February 1942, Robert E. Lee was chartered by the Alcoa Steamship Company to transport goods and personnel from New York to ports located in the Caribbean. One month later, she was contracted by the War Shipping Administration as a freight carrier and was subsequently armed with a stern gun and degaussed to prevent magnetic mine attacks.[2]

Sinking

On 30 July 1942, Robert E. Lee left Trinidad with around 270 passengers bound for Tampa, Florida. She initially traveled with convoy TAW-7, but was soon diverted to New Orleans along with the submarine chaser USS PC-566.[4]

At 22:37, a single torpedo was fired at the ship by U-166. The torpedo was spotted by lookouts 200 yards (180 m) away, but no evasive action was able to be taken.[5] The torpedo struck just aft of the engine room and destroyed the #3 hold. Further damage was also done to the radio compartment and the steering gear.[3]

The ship began to list to port, and then starboard, before finally sinking by the stern about 15 minutes after the torpedo hit.[6] Of the 407 crewmen and passengers, 15 passengers and 10 crewmen died in the sinking.[6][7] The survivors were rescued by the patrol boats USS PC-566 and USS SC-19, and the tug Underwriter, and they were transported without incident to Venice, Louisiana.[3]

Wreckage

In 1986, an oil and gas survey conducted by Shell Offshore discovered the shipwreck of Robert E. Lee in the Mississippi Canyon. It was located at a depth of 4,700 feet (1,400 m). In January 2001, the wreckage was once again spotted, but this time it was located by C & C Technologies.[2][8] Located one mile (1.6 km) away was the wreckage of German submarine U-166 after it had been sunk with depth charges by PC-566.[9]

See also

References

  1. ↑ "National Register Information System – (#100002558)". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. July 9, 2010.
  2. 1 2 3 4 "Robert E. Lee (1942)". HamdanLab. 2016-01-08. Retrieved 2019-11-19.
  3. 1 2 3 "Robert E. Lee (American Steam passenger ship) - Ships hit by German U-boats during WWII - uboat.net". uboat.net. Retrieved 2019-11-19.
  4. ↑ "SS Robert E. Lee". Shipwreck World. 2016-12-01. Retrieved 2019-11-19.
  5. ↑ Alex, Heather; er (2014-07-14). "Gulf camera reveals site of WWII sinking of SS Robert E. Lee, German U-boat". Houston Chronicle. Retrieved 2019-11-19.
  6. 1 2 "The Boat That Sank / The Robert E Lee and World War Two | TRIPS INTO HISTORY". 29 September 2012. Retrieved 2019-11-19.
  7. ↑ Carter Maguire, Special to (16 July 2014). "World War II wreckage haunts Gulf of Mexico". CNN. Retrieved 2019-11-19.
  8. ↑ "World War II Shipwrecks | Bureau of Safety and Environmental Enforcement". www.bsee.gov. Retrieved 2019-11-19.
  9. ↑ Lattens, Jan (2014-08-01). "SS Robert E. Lee (+1942)". WreckSite.
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