Saffron ringless amanita
Amanita crocea from Commanster, Belgium
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Fungi
Division: Basidiomycota
Class: Agaricomycetes
Order: Agaricales
Family: Amanitaceae
Genus: Amanita
Species:
A. crocea
Binomial name
Amanita crocea
(Quél. in Bourd.) Singer ex Singer
Synonyms[1]
  • Orange Grisette
  • Amanita vaginata var. crocea Quél. 1898 [LEG; MB456911]
  • Amanitopsis crocea (Quél.) E.-J. Gilbert 1928 [LEG; MB251657]
Amanita crocea
View the Mycomorphbox template that generates the following list
Gills on hymenium
Cap is flat or convex
Hymenium is free
Stipe has a volva
Spore print is white
Ecology is mycorrhizal
Edibility is edible but not recommended

Amanita crocea, the saffron ringless amanita,[2] is a species of Amanita widely distributed in Europe. It is not recommended for consumption due to its similarity to poisonous species of the genus.

Description

Amanita crocea from Commanster, Belgium
  • Cap: The cap is free of rings with the volva and has a diameter of 5–10 centimetres (2–4 inches), yellow-orange in colour with an apricot tinge at the centre. It expands to become flat or sometimes convex at the umbo, a small raised central area.
  • Volva: Thick, white, at least 4–10 cm (1+1⁄2–4 in) wide, saffron orange or a little browner than that in colour in the centre when fresh and paler at the margin.
  • Gills: Gills are free and cream in mass (sometimes with a slight salmon or pinkish reflection, and 2–3± millimetres broad.)
  • Stem/stipe: The stem or stipe is 10–15 cm (4–6 in) long and 1–1.5 cm in diameter, tapering, decorated with paler fibrils in a "flame" pattern, with the decoration later becoming orange or brown-orange (darker than the underlying stipe surface) with a membranous sack-like volva at the base.
  • Spores: The white spores measure (8.0-) 9.4 - 11.8 (-18.8) x (7.5-) 8.5 - 11.0 (-16.0) µm.[3][4]

Similar species

Amanita fulva
Amanita caesarea
A. fulva in Bergen, Norway, and A. caesarea in Piacenza mountains

It is similar to Amanita fulva (orange-brown ringless amanita or tawny grisette) and A. caesarea (Caesar's mushroom), belonging to the Vaginatae and Caesareae sections of the Amanita genus, respectively.

The edible tawny grisette is a basidiomycete mushroom located in North America and Europe.[5] It is easily confused with the 'death cap', though is not as substantial. The structure is relatively flimsy and the hollow stem often breaks, even when handled very gently.[6] It has fibres on its stalk usually.[7]

The second similar species, the Caesar's mushroom, is the type species (a species to which the name of a genus is permanently linked) of the Caesareae section of the genus Amanita. It has a distinctive orange cap, yellow gills and stem. Similar orange-capped species occur in North America and India.[8][9]

Ecology

The fungi can occur infrequently between July and October in mycorrhizal with hardwood trees, particularly birch and beech in clearings. Its odour is sweet-smelling and it has a mildly nutty sweet taste.[10] It has also been reported from Iran.[11]

Uses

While edible, guides advise not to eat it as many similar-looking Amanitas are very poisonous.[12]

See also

References

  1. ↑ "Amanita crocea (Quél.) Singer 1951". MycoBank. Retrieved 2004-11-25.
  2. ↑ "Standardized Common Names for Wild Species in Canada". National General Status Working Group. 2020.
  3. ↑ "Amanita crocea". Archived from the original on 2011-07-14. Retrieved 2010-11-28.
  4. ↑ http://www.first-nature.com/fungi/id_guide/amanitaceae/amanita_crocea.php Archived 2010-12-26 at the Wayback Machine Amanita crocea-Pictures, habitat and identification guide.
  5. ↑ http://www.rogersmushrooms.com/gallery/DisplayBlock~bid~5539.asp Rogers mushrooms.
  6. ↑ http://www.wildaboutbritain.co.uk/tawny-grisette Archived 2011-07-16 at the Wayback Machine Tawny Grisette | Wild About Britain.
  7. ↑ http://www.mushroomthejournal.com/greatlakesdata/Taxa/Amanifulva22.html Amanita fulva
  8. ↑ Amanita caesarea. http://alphagamma.150m.com/Amanita_caesarea.html Archived 2011-07-07 at the Wayback Machine
  9. ↑ http://www.eticomm.net/~ret/amanita/species/caesarea.html Archived 2011-07-16 at the Wayback Machine by R.E. Tulloss.
  10. ↑ "Amanita crocea". Archived from the original on 2010-12-26. Retrieved 2010-11-28.
  11. ↑ Bahram, M; Asef, M. R.; Zarre, Sh.; M. Abbasi; S. Reidl (2006). "Addition to the knowledge of Amanita (Agaricales, Pluteaceae) from Iran". Rostaniha. 7 (2): 107–119. ISSN 1608-4306.
  12. ↑ Phillips, Roger (2010). Mushrooms and Other Fungi of North America. Buffalo, NY: Firefly Books. p. 22. ISBN 978-1-55407-651-2.
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.