Grass-leaved arrowhead

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Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Order: Alismatales
Family: Alismataceae
Genus: Sagittaria
Species:
S. graminea
Binomial name
Sagittaria graminea
Synonyms[1]
  • Diphorea graminea (Michx.) Raf.
  • Sagitta graminea (Michx.) Nieuwl.
  • Sagittaria cycloptera (J.G.Sm.) C.Mohr
  • Sagittaria eatonii J.G.Sm.
  • Sagittaria repens J.J.Singer.
  • Sagittaria edwardsiana R.T.Clausen
  • Sagittaria graminea var. cycloptera J.G.Sm.
  • Sagittaria graminea subsp. edwardsiana (R.T.Clausen) R.T.Clausen
  • Sagittaria graminea var. elliptica N.Coleman
  • Sagittaria purshii Rich. ex Kunth
  • Sagittaria sagittifolia var. simplex Hook.
  • Sagittaria simplex Torr.
  • Sagittaria stolonifera Engelm. & A.Gray

Sagittaria graminea, the grassy arrowhead[2] or grass-leaved arrowhead,[3] is an aquatic plant species native to eastern North America.

Description

It is a perennial herb up to 100 centimetres (39 inches) tall with narrow, grass-like leaves about 20 cm (8 in) in length and 2.5 cm (1 in) wide.[4][5][6] A very thin flower-bearing stalk raises to about 60 cm (24 in) above water. The flowers are about 1.5 cm (5⁄8 in) wide, with three petals and three sepals; typically the upper flowers only have stamens (male), while lower flowers have only pistils (female).[6] The seeds appear in a head about 1.5 cm wide.[6]

Subspecies

A long list of varietal and subspecific names have been proposed over the years. Most have either been elevated to the species level or relegated to synonymy. As of April 2014, only two are recognized:[1][7]

  • Sagittaria graminea subsp. graminea
  • Sagittaria graminea subsp. weatherbiana (Fernald) R.R.Haynes & Hellq.[8]

Distribution and habitat

The species is known from every Canadian province from Ontario to Newfoundland, and every US state from the Great Plains to the Atlantic, plus Colorado, New Mexico and Cuba. It is considered naturalized in Washington state and in Vietnam.[7][4] It grows in wet areas such as marshes and the banks of rivers and lakes.[6]

References

  1. 1 2 The Plant List, Sagittaria graminea
  2. ↑ USDA, NRCS (n.d.). "Sagittaria graminea". The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov). Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team. Retrieved 26 October 2015.
  3. ↑ BSBI List 2007 (xls). Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland. Archived from the original (xls) on 2015-06-26. Retrieved 2014-10-17.
  4. 1 2 "Sagittaria graminea in Flora of North America @ efloras.org". www.efloras.org. Retrieved 2017-01-30.
  5. ↑ André Michaux. 1803. Flora Boreali-Americana 2: 190, Sagittaria graminea.
  6. 1 2 3 4 Spellenberg, Richard (2001) [1979]. National Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Wildflowers: Western Region (rev ed.). Knopf. p. 334. ISBN 978-0-375-40233-3.
  7. 1 2 "World Checklist of Selected Plant Families: Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew". apps.kew.org. Retrieved 2017-01-30.
  8. ↑ Garden., Missouri Botanical (1996-01-01). "Novon". Novon: A Journal for Botanical Nomenclature. Missouri Botanical Garden. v. 6 1996. ISSN 1055-3177.
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