Sailana State
Princely State
1736–1948
Flag of Sailana
Flag
Coat of arms of Sailana
Coat of arms

A map showing the territories of Sailana State (in green).
CapitalSailana
Area 
• 1881
1,165 km2 (450 sq mi)
Population 
• 1881
59,723
History 
• Established
1736
• accession to the Indian Union
1948
Succeeded by
India
(Princely State)
Jaswant Singh II, Raja of Sailana State (r.1895–1919)

Sailana State was an 11 gun salute princely state in India, part of the Malwa Agency of Central India during the British Raj. The state enjoyed an estimated revenue of Rs.5,00,000.[1]

History

Sailana State was founded by Raja Jai Singh, great-grandson of Maharaja Ratan Singh, founder of Ratlam State. It is a branch of the Rathore house.[2] In 1716 Jai singh took revenge against his uncle for the murder of his father, he killed him in a pitched battle at sagode and secured Ratlam for his elder brother. The two brothers then divided the state between themselves. Jai Singh's capital was initially at Raoti. He built Sailana as his new capital in 1736. During this period the Maratha influence in central India had been growing and several states had been annexed or forced to pay heavy tributes to the Peshwa. However Jai Singh had the wisdom to form alliances with the Maratha officials, he helped the Peshwa agent Ambaji Pant Trimbak Purandare to collect tribute in Malwa and used the situation to annex the surrounding lands.[3] He fought 22 battles in his lifetime,[4] establishing himself as an independent ruler.[5][6] Jai Singh maintained an army that was feared by the surrounding states forcing some states to take Holkar's aid against him.[7] The Raja of Sailana favoured Rajputs and Pathans as horsemen while the infantry was drawn from the local populace. His descendant Mokham Singh however replaced this army composition with a surplus of elephants and emptied the state coffers, allowing the Marathas and Pindaris to encroach and loot with impunity.[1] Jai Singh was succeeded by a string of weak rulers. During Raja Mokham Singh's rule much of the territory of Sailana was annexed by Scindia and Holkar, the Raja's of Sailana were further forced to pay tribute to the Scindias of Gwalior.[8] Raja Lakshman Singh of Sailana tried to push the Scindia's out of his kingdom, in 1818 he refused to pay chauth which was regularly levied, the Scindias retaliated by sending an army under Bujang Rao, the Gwalior army which had European arms and was French trained lost its advantage on the hills en route to Sailana and was defeated by Lakshman Singh, the captured soldiers were allowed to leave but all of their guns and artillery were taken. In 1819, Bapu Rao Sindia was appointed to punish the raja of Sailana and enforce tribute upon him. Bapu Rao had previously been sent by the Scindia's to defeat and exact tributes from the Maharaja of Jaipur and the Maharana of Udaipur.[9] On 5 January 1819, John Malcolm mediated between Gwalior and Sailana upon which Raja Lakshman Singh accepted British protection and agreed to pay a fixed tribute to Gwalior until 1860, in return for Daulat Rao Sindhia agreeing to refrain from any interference in Sailana. The tribute treaty did not last for long as Daulat Rao soon relinquished his rights of tribute on Sailana and Ratlam, the tribute was thus paid directly to the British instead.[10] During British rule Sailana saw development under the capable rule of Raja Jashwant Singh II and then under his son Raja Dileep Singh, many reforms were introduced over the coming years, with particular attention being paid to education and the provision of vernacular educational facilities. By 1947, education and medical aid were provided free of charge, the local municipality was placed on a democratic footing and the judiciary and executive made independent of each other. Although the economy was primarily agricultural, some limited industrialisation included oil mills, and iron and steel works. On 15 June 1948, Raja Dileep Singh signed the accession to the Indian Union.[11]

Rulers

The chiefs of Sailana are Rathore Rajputs and have a common ancestry with the Maharajas of Jodhpur and Ratlam.[1]

Rajas

NameYear
Jai Singh1736–1757
Jaswant Singh1757–1772
Ajab Singh1772–1782
Mokham Singh1782–1797
Lakshman Singh1797–1826
Ratan Singh1826–1827
Nahar Singh1827–1841
Takhat Singh1841–1850
Rajmata Nath Kanwarji (regent)1850–1859
Duleh Singh1850–1895
Jashwant Singh II1895–1919
Dileep Singh1919 – 1948 (1948 – 1961 titular)
Digvijay Singh (titular)1961–1990
Vikram Singh (titular)1990 – present

Jagirdars of Sailana State

All the jagirdars owe fealty and service to the ruler and pay cesses and tanka. No jagirdar has the right to adopt without the permission of the raja. The 1st class jagirdars are allowed to wear gold anklets, and at their succession, they are installed by the ruling raja himself. Half of the states lands were alienated because of the large number of Jagirs.[6] Raja Dilip Singh (r. 1919–1948) later extinguished several Jagirs and replaced them with governors. This harsh but effective action helped the states revenue which was then used to provide medical and educational facilities in Sailana.[12]

The following were the 1st class Jagirdars of Sailana in 1908.

NameRevenue (Rs.)Dynasty
Semlia30,000Rathore
Birmawal/Kaneri26,000Rathore
Raoti20,000Rathore
Kariya17,000Rathore

The following were the 2nd class Jagirdars of Sailana in 1908.

NameRevenue (Rs.)Dynasty
Ghatwas5,00Rathore
Umran4,000Songara
Nayapura1,100Rathore
Mewasa3,000Sisodia
Chandoria2,000Rathore
Nalkui1,700Songara
Kotria1,200Rathore
Bharoda4,000Rathore
Advania6,000Rathore
Morda4,000Rathore

The 3rd class jagirdars were hereditary office holders of the state.

See also

References

  1. 1 2 3 Playne, Somerset; Solomon, R. V.; Bond, J. W.; Wright, Arnold (2006). Indian states : a biographical, historical, and administrative survey. New Delhi: Asian Educational Services. pp. 629–634. ISBN 81-206-1965-X. OCLC 76941475.
  2. ↑ Singh, Raja Vikram (29 May 2016). "Cooking like a maharaja". Deccan Chronicle. Retrieved 20 April 2022.
  3. ↑ Madhya Pradesh District Gazetteers: Ratlam – Page 53-55
  4. ↑ Playne, Somerset; Solomon, R. V.; Bond, J. W.; Wright, Arnold (2006). Indian states : a biographical, historical, and administrative survey. New Delhi: Asian Educational Services. p. 632. ISBN 81-206-1965-X. OCLC 76941475. The Ruler died at the age of 61 years, having, during his reign, fought no fewer than 22 battles.
  5. ↑ Sinh, Raghubir (1993). Malwa in transition, or, A century of anarchy : the first phase, 1698–1765. New Delhi: Asian Educational Services. pp. 123–125. ISBN 81-206-0750-3. OCLC 76936900.
  6. 1 2 Imperial Gazetteer of India. Vol. 21. Oxford: Clarendon Press. 1908. pp. 385–7.
  7. ↑ Sinh, Raghubir (1993). Malwa in transition, or, A century of anarchy : the first phase, 1698–1765. New Delhi: Asian Educational Services. p. 282. ISBN 81-206-0750-3. OCLC 76936900. The danger of Jai Singh of Sailana to the state of Jhabua forced its well wishers to rely on Maratha help.
  8. ↑ Central India State Gazetteer Series Malwa Vol-v Part-a pg.357–358
  9. ↑ Chaurasia, Radhey Shyam (2004). History of the Marathas. New Delhi: Atlantic Publishers & Distributors. p. 41. ISBN 81-269-0394-5. OCLC 435374931.
  10. ↑ Chaurasia, Radhey Shyam (2004). History of the Marathas. New Delhi: Atlantic Publishers & Distributors. p. 226. ISBN 81-269-0394-5. OCLC 435374931. He relinquished his rights of tribute from Ratlam and Sailana to the British government, perhaps because the states were outside the area that he claimed to be his own.
  11. ↑ Princely States of India. worldstatesmen.org
  12. ↑ Rulers, Leading families, and officials in the states of central India. 1935. pp. 152–154

23°28′N 74°55′E / 23.47°N 74.92°E / 23.47; 74.92

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