Scarborough, Maine
Town
Official seal of Scarborough, Maine
Seal
Location in Cumberland County and the state of Maine.
Location in Cumberland County and the state of Maine.
Coordinates: 43°35′0″N 70°21′10″W / 43.58333°N 70.35278°W / 43.58333; -70.35278
CountryUnited States
StateMaine
CountyCumberland
Settled1635
IncorporatedJuly 14, 1658
VillagesBlue Point
Dunstan
Eight Corners
Grand Beach
Higgins Beach
North Scarborough
Oak Hill
Pine Point
Pleasant Hill
Prouts Neck
Scarborough
Government
 • TypeCouncil-Manager
Area
[1]
 • Total70.63 sq mi (182.93 km2)
 • Land47.61 sq mi (123.31 km2)
 • Water23.02 sq mi (59.62 km2)
Elevation
16 ft (5 m)
Population
 (2020)
 • Total22,135
 • Density465/sq mi (179.5/km2)
Time zoneUTC-5 (Eastern (EST))
 • Summer (DST)UTC-4 (EDT)
ZIP codes
04070, 04074
Area code207
FIPS code23-66145
GNIS feature ID0582714
WebsiteOfficial website Edit this at Wikidata

Scarborough is a town in Cumberland County on the southern coast of the U.S. state of Maine. Located about 7 miles (11 km) south of Portland, Scarborough is part of the Portland–South Portland–Biddeford, Maine metropolitan statistical area. The population was 22,135 at the 2020 census,[2] making it the most populous town (not city) in Maine.[3]

History

In about 1630, John V. Stratton opened a trading post on Stratton Island in Saco Bay off Scarborough's shore.[4] In 1631, the Plymouth Council for New England granted the "Black Point Patent" to Captain Thomas Cammock, nephew of the Earl of Warwick. Cammock built a house and began residence in 1635 on the 1,500-acre (6.1 km2) tract of land, which extended from the Spurwink River to Black Point—today this area is known as Prouts Neck.[4] While on a voyage to the West Indies, in 1643, Thomas Cammock died at Barbadoes. Having no heirs, his patent was conveyed to his wife, Margaret Cammock. Settlements developed at Black Point, Blue Point (i.e., Pine Point), Dunstan (i.e., West Scarborough) and Stratton Island.[4] By 1650, there were fifty homes.[4] The town offered excellent fishing and farming. On July 14, 1658, the Massachusetts General Court incorporated all of those settlements as Scarborough, named for Scarborough in Yorkshire, England.[5]

At the outbreak of King Philip's War in 1675, Scarborough was an important coastal settlement with over one hundred houses and one thousand head of cattle.[4] By 1676, the town had been laid to waste as a result of the war—some settlers were killed and others were taken hostage by the Native Americans.[4] Subsequently, Massachusetts sent soldiers accompanied by Indian allies in 1677 to secure the town for resettlement. On June 29, 1677, while pursuing some Indians sent as a ruse, the company was ambushed by warriors under Chief Squandro. In the New England militia of nearly one hundred soldiers, fifty to sixty were left dead or mortally wounded. Among the casualties was Captain Benjamin Swett. Called the Battle at Moore's Brook. In 1681, a great fort was erected at Black Point. After several attempts to rebuild between guerrilla incursions during King William's War, the survivors evacuated in 1690 and moved south to Portsmouth, New Hampshire or Boston.[4]

A truce was signed in 1699 between the Province of Massachusetts Bay and the Eastern Indians. Resettlement of Scarborough started in 1702 when seven settlers arrived from Lynn, Massachusetts, and construction began on a fort located on the western shore of Prout's Neck's Garrison's Cove.[4] This fort was commanded by Captain John Larrabee.

Despite the treaty, in August 1703, five hundred French and Indians under command of the Sieur de Beaubassin made a sudden descent upon English settlements from Casco Bay (Portland) to Wells. The fort on Prout's Neck sat atop a bluff. When the French and Native Americans arrived, they were protected from gunfire by the overhanging cliff. They subsequently began tunneling into the bluff to breach the fort from below. Had it not been for a two-day downpour that made the disturbed bank slough, exposing the previously hidden excavators to snipers in the fort, the French and Native Americans might have been successful in their attempts to capture the fort and the eight people inside. However, Beaubassin retreated in search of easier prey.

Despite occasional subsequent harassment, the second settlement succeeded. By 1749, it was economically prosperous. Cattle and timber were important local products for export, with Scarborough's many water power sites operating a dozen sawmills.[6]

Geography

Scarborough from the air, looking to the southeast (December 2015). Note the Prouts Neck Peninsula and the Scarborough River and its tributaries.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 70.63 square miles (182.93 km2), of which 47.61 square miles (123.31 km2) is land and 23.02 square miles (59.62 km2) is water.[1] Drained by the Scarborough River, Nonesuch River, Libby River and Spurwink River, the town is situated beside the Gulf of Maine, part of the Atlantic Ocean. The highest point is Beech Ridge, elevation 215 feet (66 m). In early years of Scarborough's settlement bonfires were set on Scottow Hill, elevation 144 feet (44 m), as warnings to the surrounding countryside of approaching danger.

Scarborough is crossed by Interstate 95, Interstate 295, U.S. Route 1, and State Routes 9, 77, 114, and 207. It is bordered by the town of Cape Elizabeth to the northeast, South Portland and Westbrook to the north and northwest, Gorham and Buxton to the west, and Saco and Old Orchard Beach to the south and southwest.

Demographics

Historical population
CensusPop.Note%±
18002,099—
18102,094−0.2%
18202,2326.6%
18302,106−5.6%
18402,1723.1%
18501,837−15.4%
18601,807−1.6%
18701,692−6.4%
18801,8479.2%
18901,794−2.9%
19001,8654.0%
19101,9454.3%
19201,832−5.8%
19302,44533.5%
19402,84216.2%
19504,60061.9%
19606,41839.5%
19707,84522.2%
198011,34744.6%
199012,51810.3%
200016,97035.6%
201018,91911.5%
202022,13517.0%
U.S. Decennial Census[7]

2010 census

As of the census[8] of 2010, there were 18,919 people, 7,506 households, and 5,201 families living in the town. The population density was 397.4 inhabitants per square mile (153.4/km2). There were 8,617 housing units at an average density of 181.0 per square mile (69.9/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 94.9% White, 0.5% African American, 0.2% Native American, 2.7% Asian, 0.3% from other races, and 1.4% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.2% of the population.

There were 7,506 households, of which 33.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 58.0% were married couples living together, 8.0% had a female householder with no husband present, 3.3% had a male householder with no wife present, and 30.7% were non-families. 24.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.48 and the average family size was 2.97.

The median age in the town was 44.5 years. 23.6% of residents were under the age of 18; 5.2% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 21.9% were from 25 to 44; 31.9% were from 45 to 64; and 17.2% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the town was 48.4% male and 51.6% female.

2000 census

As of the census[9] of 2000, there were 16,790 people, 6,462 households, and 4,678 families living in the town. The population density was 355.7 inhabitants per square mile (137.3/km2). There were 7,233 housing units at an average density of 151.6 per square mile (58.5/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 97.34% White, 0.38% Black or African American, 0.18% Native American, 1.16% Asian, 0.01% Pacific Islander, 0.17% from other races, and 0.77% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.48% of the population.

There were 6,462 households, out of which 35.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 62.8% were married couples living together, 7.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 27.6% were non-families. 20.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.59 and the average family size was 3.02.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 25.9% under the age of 18, 4.9% from 18 to 24, 30.8% from 25 to 44, 25.3% from 45 to 64, and 13.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 95.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 92.2 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $76,491, and the median income for a family was $95,138. Males had a median income of $61,148 versus $31,372 for females. The per capita income for the town was $40,321. About 3.0% of families and 4.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 2.7% of those under age 18 and 3.0% of those age 65 or over.

Local government

Since October 7, 1969, the town has had a Council-manager government.[4]

Economy

Scarborough is home to the headquarters of Hannaford supermarkets.[10]

Public schools

A Scarborough school bus

The town of Scarborough has its own K–12 public school system.

  • Scarborough High School
  • Scarborough Middle School
  • Wentworth Intermediate School
  • Eight Corners Primary School
  • Pleasant Hill Primary School
  • Blue Point Primary School

Neighborhoods

Higgins Beach.

Sites of interest

Notable people

References

  1. 1 2 "US Gazetteer files 2010". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved December 16, 2012.
  2. ↑ "Census - Geography Profile: Scarborough town, Cumberland County, Maine". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 11, 2022.
  3. ↑ "P1. Race - All county subdivisions within Maine. 2020 DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171)". U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved November 23, 2022.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Town of Scarborough. "About Our Town". Archived from the original on October 13, 2013. Retrieved August 31, 2010.
  5. ↑ Coolidge, Austin J.; John B. Mansfield (1859). A History and Description of New England. Boston, Massachusetts: A.J. Coolidge. pp. 292–299. coolidge mansfield history description new england 1859.
  6. ↑ Varney, George J. (1886), Gazetteer of the state of Maine. Scarborough, Boston: Russell
  7. ↑ "Census of Population and Housing". Census.gov. Retrieved June 4, 2015.
  8. ↑ "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved December 16, 2012.
  9. ↑ "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 31, 2008.
  10. ↑ "Contacts Archived 2012-05-22 at the Wayback Machine." Delhaize Group. Retrieved on May 17, 2012. "HANNAFORD 145 Pleasant Hill Road Scarborough – ME 04074 - U.S.A. "
  11. ↑ "Representative Kelly Noonan Murphy". www.maine.gov. Retrieved December 24, 2023.

Further reading

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