John J. O'Kelly
President of Sinn Féin
In office
1 May 1926 – 30 April 1931
Vice PresidentMary MacSwiney
Preceded byNew office
Succeeded byBrian O'Higgins
Minister for Education
In office
26 August 1921 – 9 January 1922
PresidentÉamon de Valera
Preceded byNew office
Succeeded byMichael Hayes
Minister for Irish
In office
29 June 1920 – 26 August 1921
PresidentÉamon de Valera
Preceded byNew office
Succeeded byOffice abolished
Leas-Cheann Comhairle of Dáil Éireann
In office
1 April 1919 – 26 August 1921
Ceann ComhairleSeán T. O'Kelly
Preceded byNew office
Succeeded byBrian O'Higgins
Teachta Dála
In office
June 1922 – August 1923
ConstituencyLouth–Meath
In office
December 1918 – May 1921
ConstituencyCounty Louth
Personal details
Born
John Joseph O'Kelly

(1872-06-07)7 June 1872
Valentia Island, County Kerry, Ireland
Died26 March 1957(1957-03-26) (aged 84)
Dublin, Ireland
Political partySinn Féin
Spouse
Nora O'Sullivan
​
(m. 1904)​

John Joseph O'Kelly (Irish: Seán Ua Ceallaigh; known as Sceilg;[1] 7 July 1872 – 26 March 1957) was an Irish republican politician, author and publisher who served as President of Sinn Féin from 1926 to 1931, Minister for Education from 1921 to 1922, Minister for Irish from 1920 to 1921 and Leas-Cheann Comhairle of Dáil Éireann from 1919 to 1921. He served as a Teachta Dála from 1918 to 1921 and 1922 to 1923.[2]

Early years

O'Kelly was born in Coramore, on Valentia Island off the County Kerry coast, he was the son of Patrick Kelly, a farmer, and Ellen Sullivan.[3][4] While his birth date is recorded as 7 July 1872, his family gave it as 4 July.[5]

Political career

He joined Sinn Féin at its inaugural meeting on 5 November 1905. Following the 1916 Easter Rising, O'Kelly joined the Irish Nation League and became treasurer of the Irish National Aid and Volunteers' Dependants' Fund for the relief of prisoners and their families. In February 1917, he was arrested and deported to England where he was interned without trial for several months. On his release O'Kelly was elected to the Provisional Committee of the newly merged Irish Nation League and Sinn Féin, thereafter called Sinn Féin. He was appointed editor of the influential "Catholic Bulletin".[6] In the 1918 general election he was elected as a Sinn Féin MP for Louth by 255 votes in what was the closest contest in Ireland in that election. The closeness of the contest was due to the strong AOH organisation in the county that campaigned for outgoing North Galway MP Richard Hazleton of the Irish Parliamentary Party.

O'Kelly took his seat in Dáil Éireann as a Sinn Féin TD and was Leas-Cheann Comhairle (deputy chairperson) from 1919 to 1921.[7] He was appointed Minister for Irish in the Government of the 2nd Dáil.[8] This position that was expanded as the Minister for Education in the Government of the 2nd Dáil.[9] From 1919 to 1923, he was President of the Gaelic League. He opposed the Anglo-Irish Treaty that was ratified by the Dáil in January 1922, and refused to accept the legitimacy of the Irish Free State established in December 1922. He and others maintained that the Irish Republic continued to exist and that the rump of the Second Dáil, composed of those anti-Treaty TDs who had refused to take their seats in what became the Free State parliament, was the only legitimate government for the whole of Ireland. In June 1922, he was elected to the Third Dáil for the constituency of Louth-Meath but abstained from taking his seat. In August 1923, standing as a Republican for the Meath constituency, he was defeated for an abstentionist seat in the 4th Dáil. He was again defeated in the Roscommon by-election of 1925, his last election attempt.[10] After the resignation of Éamon de Valera as president of Sinn Féin in 1926, O'Kelly, who maintained an abstentionist policy towards Dáil Éireann, was elected in his place and remained in this position until 1931 when Brian O'Higgins took over the leadership.[11]

O'Kelly was hostile towards the 1937 Constitution of Ireland, claiming it was insufficiently supportive of Irish Republicanism and that the Constitution also did not require the President of Ireland to be of Irish birth.[12]

Sceilg was unusual among Irish Republicans in that he regarded Daniel O'Connell and T.M. Healy as political heroes. This apparently reflected local patriotism (both men came from south-western Ireland near to Sceilg's own birthplace) and Sceilg's own devout Catholicism, which led him to exalt O'Connell's achievement of Catholic Emancipation and Healy's claims that the adultery of Charles Stewart Parnell with Katharine O'Shea made Parnell unfit for political leadership. Sceilg was also explicitly hostile to the Spanish Republic declared in 1931, believing it to be anti-Catholic and supported by pro-British Freemasons.

Literary interests

He was a prolific author on Irish language and history topics, editing Banba, The Catholic Bulletin and An Camán. He was intensely religious and an active Catholic. O'Kelly opposed members of the IRA fighting against Franco in the Spanish Civil War. In 1938, he was one of seven remaining abstentionist Second Dáil TDs who transferred what they believed was their authority as the Government of the Irish Republic to the IRA Army Council (see Irish republican legitimatism).

In 1938, he visited Germany, later publishing his impressions in the Irish Independent.[13]

Anti-Semitism

Many of O'Kelly's speeches and writings contained content critical of Freemasons and Jews.[14] In 1916, members of Ireland's Jewish community protested after the Catholic Bulletin published a series of articles by Fr. T.H. Burbage accusing the Jewish community of carrying out ritual murders; O'Kelly refused to apologise for the articles.[15] O'Kelly also featured the anti-semitic writings of Denis Fahey in the Bulletin.[16]

In 1930, O'Kelly, speaking as Sinn Féin President to its members, said, "In the signs of the Anti-Christ, England is today the prey of rival groups of unscrupulous Jews fighting for their lands."[17]

In 1939 O'Kelly spoke at Cork City Hall and praised Nazi Germany's treatment of Jews, saying: "England's difficulty is Ireland's opportunity...its seems to me that England prefers to plant the Jews in Ireland, as she planted the Cromwellians, The Orangemen...How many people in Ireland reflect that the Treaty of Versailles placed Germany...with the heel of Jews on her neck...while Jewish usury emaciated and the Jewish White Slave Trade sought to corrupt the whole land".[17][18]

Death

O'Kelly died in Our Lady's Hospice, Harold's Cross, on 26 March 1957, and was buried in Glasnevin Cemetery on 28 March.[19]

Bibliography

  • Cathal Brugha, 1942
  • Taistealuidheacht, nó Cúrsa na Cruinne ("Travelling, or A World Tour"), 1931
  • Spelling Made Easy, 1946
  • A Trinity of Martyrs (biographies of Terence McSwiney, Cathal Brugha and Austin Stack), 1947
  • Ireland's Spiritual Empire: Saint Patrick as a World Figure, 1952

References

  1. ↑ A pen name he took which refers to the island of Sceilig Mhichíl, which he could see from his childhood home on Valentia Island.
  2. ↑ "Seán Ó Ceallaigh". Oireachtas Members Database. Archived from the original on 22 September 2019. Retrieved 12 February 2012.
  3. ↑ Murphy, Brian P. "O'Kelly, John Joseph ('Sceilg'; Ua Ceallaigh, Seán)". Dictionary of Irish Biography. Retrieved 8 January 2022.
  4. ↑ "General Registrar's Office". IrishGenealogy.ie. Archived from the original on 22 September 2021. Retrieved 26 March 2017.
  5. ↑ "Ó CEALLAIGH, Seán (1872–1957)". ainm.ie. Archived from the original on 11 June 2017. Retrieved 26 March 2017.
  6. ↑ "Recent book on the Bulletin". Archived from the original on 20 May 2011. Retrieved 27 July 2008.
  7. ↑ "John J. O'Kelly". ElectionsIreland.org. Archived from the original on 20 October 2011. Retrieved 12 February 2012.
  8. ↑ "Dáil Éireann debate - Tuesday, 29 June 1920: RATIFICATION OF MINISTERS". Houses of the Oireachtas. Archived from the original on 31 August 2019. Retrieved 11 September 2019.
  9. ↑ "Dáil Éireann debate - Thursday, 25 August 1921: ALTERATION OF MINISTRY OF IRISH TO MINISTRY OF EDUCATION". Houses of the Oireachtas. Archived from the original on 6 September 2019. Retrieved 11 September 2019.
  10. ↑ Took, Christopher & Seán Donnelly. ""Sceilg" O'Kelly John Joseph ("Sceilg") O'Kelly". ElectionsIreland.org. Archived from the original on 22 July 2012. Retrieved 9 June 2012.
  11. ↑ Rafter, Kevin (2005). Sinn Féin, 1905-2005: In the Shadow of Gunmen. Gill & Macmillan. p. 71. ISBN 9780717139927. Archived from the original on 22 September 2021. Retrieved 14 January 2019.
  12. ↑ Dermot Keogh and Dr. Andrew McCarthy, The making of the Irish Constitution 1937: Bunreacht na hÉireann. Mercier Press, 2007 (p.193).
  13. ↑ Irish Independent, 27 March 1957.
  14. ↑ Joost Augusteijn(ed.), The Irish Revolution, 1913–1923. Palgrave Macmillan, 2002, p. 46; David Fitzpatrick, The Two Irelands 1912–1939 Oxford, 1998, p. 188.
  15. ↑ Dermot Keogh, Jews in Twentieth-century Ireland: Refugees, Anti-semitism and the Holocaust, Cork University Press, 1998, pp. 70-1.
  16. ↑ Enda Delaney, 'Political Catholicism in Post-War Ireland', Journal of Ecclesiastical History, Vol. 52, No. 3, July 2001, p. 493
  17. 1 2 Wyman, David S.; Rosenzveig, Charles H. (1996). The World Reacts to the Holocaust. Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 646. ISBN 0801849691. Archived from the original on 22 September 2021. Retrieved 29 October 2019.
  18. ↑ Lawson, Dominic (30 May 2006). "Dominic Lawson: A hard-line Marxist distortion of history". The Independent (UK). Archived from the original on 28 October 2019. Retrieved 28 October 2019.
  19. ↑ Irish Independent, 27 March 1957.

Further reading

  • Dr. Brian P. Murphy, The Catholic Bulletin and Republican Ireland 1898–1926: with special reference to J. J. O'Kelly (Athol Books: Belfast, 2005)
  • "County Louth: the Irish political revolution and the 1918 general election" by Oisín S. Kelly (MA thesis, 2006, UCD)
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