Schizocoely (adjective forms: schizocoelous or schizocoelic) is a process by which some animal embryos develop. The schizocoely mechanism occurs when secondary body cavities (coeloms) are formed by splitting a solid mass of mesodermal embryonic tissue.[1][2] All schizocoelomates are protostomians and they show holoblastic, spiral, determinate cleavage.

Etymology

The term schizocoely derives from the Ancient Greek words σχίζω (skhízō), meaning 'to split', and κοιλία (koilía), meaning 'cavity'.[3][4] This refers to the fact that fluid-filled body cavities are formed by splitting of mesodermal cells.

Taxonomic distribution

Animals called protostomes develop through schizocoely for which they are also known as schizocoelomates.

Schizocoelous development often occurs in protostomes,[1][5][6] as in phyla Mollusca, Annelida, and Arthropoda. Deuterostomes usually exhibit enterocoely;[7] however, some deuterostomes like enteropneusts can exhibit schizocoely as well.[8]

Embryonic development

The term refers to the order of organization of cells in the gastrula leading to development of the coelom. In mollusks, annelids, and arthropods, the mesoderm (the middle germ layer) forms as a solid mass of migrated cells from the single layer of the gastrula. The new mesoderm then splits, creating the pocket-like cavity of the coelom.

See also

References

  1. 1 2 Moore, Janet; Overhill, Raith (2006). An introduction to the invertebrates. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521857369.
  2. ↑ Lüter, Carsten (2000-06-01). "The origin of the coelom in Brachiopoda and its phylogenetic significance". Zoomorphology. 120 (1): 15–28. doi:10.1007/s004359900019. ISSN 1432-234X. S2CID 24929317.
  3. ↑ Bailly, Anatole (1981-01-01). Abrégé du dictionnaire grec français. Paris: Hachette. ISBN 2010035283. OCLC 461974285.
  4. ↑ Bailly, Anatole. "Greek-french dictionary online". www.tabularium.be. Retrieved 2020-03-05.
  5. ↑ Adoutte, André; Balavoine, Guillaume; Lartillot, Nicolas; Rosa, Renaud de; Adoutte, André; Balavoine, Guillaume; Lartillot, Nicolas; Rosa, Renaud de (1999-03-01). "Animal evolution: the end of the intermediate taxa?". Trends in Genetics. 15 (3): 104–108. doi:10.1016/S0168-9525(98)01671-0. ISSN 0168-9525. PMID 10203807.
  6. ↑ Technau, Ulrich; Scholz, Corinna B. (2003). "Origin and evolution of endoderm and mesoderm". The International Journal of Developmental Biology. 47 (7–8): 531–539. ISSN 0214-6282. PMID 14756329.
  7. ↑ Satoh, Gouki; Harada, Yoshito; Satoh, Nori (September 2000). "The expression of nonchordate deuterostome Brachyury genes in the ascidian Ciona embryo can promote the differentiation of extra notochord cells". Mechanisms of Development. 96 (2): 155–163. doi:10.1016/S0925-4773(00)00395-6. PMID 10960780. S2CID 6732563.
  8. ↑ Kaul-Strehlow, Sabrina; Stach, Thomas (2011-05-11). "The pericardium in the deuterostome Saccoglossus kowalevskii (Enteropneusta) develops from the ectoderm via schizocoely". Zoomorphology. 130 (2): 107. doi:10.1007/s00435-011-0125-0. ISSN 1432-234X. S2CID 22199440.


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