The beliefs and practices of Scientology include material related to sex and the rearing of children, which collectively form the second dynamic (urge toward survival) in Scientology. These beliefs and practices are based on the written works of Church of Scientology founder L. Ron Hubbard.

The second dynamic

In Hubbard's eight dynamics, "sex" is the second dynamic, representing both the sexual act and the family unit.[1][2] According to Reuters: "The second dynamic includes all creative activity, including sex, procreating and the raising of children."[1]

Pain and sex

On August 26, 1982[3] Hubbard authored a Hubbard Communications Office Bulletin (HCOB) entitled "Pain and Sex", in which he accuses psychiatrists (abbreviated "psychs"),[4] of orchestrating a global conspiracy to undermine society and spread chaos:

Combined, pain and sex make up the insane Jack-the-Rippers (who killed only prostitutes) and the whole strange body of sex-murder freaks, including Hinckley, and the devotees of late-night horror movies. Under the false data of the psychs (who have been on the track a long time and are the sole cause of decline in this universe) both pain and sex are gaining ground in this society and, coupled with robbery which is a hooded companion of both, may very soon make the land a true jungle of crime.[3]

In the same bulletin, Hubbard claims that pain and sex are both "invented tools of degradation" by "destructive creatures" (referring to psychiatrists) with the intention "to shrink people and cut their alertness, knowingness, power and reach".[4]

Homosexuality

In 1950 Hubbard published Dianetics: The Modern Science of Mental Health, wherein he classified homosexuality as an illness or sexual perversion. According to Jeffrey S. Siker in Homosexuality and Religion, this was within the mainstream of opinion at the time.[5] According to scholar Carole Cusack, "Hubbard's pronouncements on heterosexual relations in that era matched the Christian (and Hollywood) ideal of happy marriages; responsible and protective fathers, kind and nurturing mothers, and well-brought-up, affectionate children. However, his personal practice was later revealed to be radically different."[6]

Hubbard's emotional tone scale, classifying individuals and human behaviour on a chart running from +40 (the most beneficial) to −40 (the least beneficial), gave sexual perversions a score of 1.1, "the level of the pervert, the hypocrite, the turncoat, [...] the subversive". Such people, he argued, were "skulking coward[s] who yet contain enough perfidious energy to strike back, but not enough courage ever to give warning".[5][7][8]

Sex during pregnancy

Hubbard warned against sexual activity (including masturbation) during pregnancy, on the premise that sexual activity during pregnancy could damage fetal development,[9] by producing engrams detrimental to future activity. This view is disputed by doctors, as Paulette Cooper commented in her book The Scandal of Scientology:

Hubbard's theory never makes it really clear, at least in a manner that would be accepted by most medical doctors, exactly how engrams can be planted before a foetus had developed a nervous system or the sense organs with which to register an impression, or even how a person could retain or "remember" verbal statements before he had command of a language.[10]

These same beliefs form the basis for Hubbard's "Silent birth" doctrine, which dictates that no words are spoken during the childbirth process.[11] According to a Scientology manual on raising children, a couple should be silent before and after coition.[12]

Promiscuity

In the 1967 book The Dynamics of Life (originally written circa 1948), Hubbard states that "promiscuity inevitably and invariably indicates a sexual engram of great magnitude. Once that engram is removed, promiscuity can be expected to cease". A footnote then defines promiscuity as "having sexual relations with many people".[13] Hubbard writes in his book The Way to Happiness that if sex is "misused or abused, carries with it heavy penalties and punishments: nature seems to have intended it that way also".[14]

In later years, Hubbard sought to distance himself from efforts to regulate the sexual affairs of Scientologists. In a 1967 policy letter, he declared: "It has never been any part of my plans to regulate or to attempt to regulate the private lives of individuals. Whenever this has occurred, it has not resulted in any improved condition... Therefore all former rules, regulations and policies relating to the sexual activities of Scientologists are cancelled."[5][15]

Scientology auditing

In an interview with Playboy magazine, Hubbard's estranged son Ronald DeWolf asserted that auditing focused on sex and the individual's sex life, and could later be used as a form of control: "Auditing would address a guy's entire sex life. It was an incredible preoccupation. [...] You have complete control over someone if you have every detail of his sex life and fantasy life on record. In Scientology the focus is on sex. Sex, sex, sex. The first thing we wanted to know about someone we were auditing was his sexual deviations. All you've got to do is find a person's kinks, whatever they might be. Their dreams and fantasies. Then you can fit a ring through their noses and take them anywhere. You promise to fulfill their fantasies or you threaten to expose them [...] very simple."[16]

Scientology's views on the body

Hubbard called the physical world MEST (an acronym of "Matter, Energy, Space and Time"), which thetans (souls) temporarily operating "meat bodies" are meant to transcend and conquer.[17][18] New recruits to the church are often classified as "raw meat" or "raw public".[19][20] Scientologists refer to their bodies as "meat bodies".[21][22][23]

Scientology emphasizes attaining "cause over MEST", and attaining the ability to abandon one's body via "exteriorization" and ultimately by becoming an Operating Thetan Clear and a Cleared Theta Clear.[24]

See also

Further reading

  • Hubbard, L. Ron (1981). The Second Dynamic. Heron Books. ISBN 0897390032. OL 3793635M.

References

  1. 1 2 "What is a Scientology wedding?: TomKat nuptials bring renewed focus to controversial religious sect". Reuters. November 18, 2006. Retrieved November 27, 2008 – via Today.com.
  2. ↑ Times Staff Writer (July 18, 2004). "Scientology's town: About Scientology". St. Petersburg Times. www.sptimes.com. Retrieved November 28, 2008.
  3. 1 2 "HCO BULLETIN OF 26 AUGUST 1982 PAIN AND SEX". August 26, 1982. Retrieved November 14, 2020.
  4. 1 2 Kent, Stephen A. (April 1999). "The Globalization of Scientology: Influence, Control and Opposition in Transnational Markets". Religion. Academic Press. 29 (2): 147–169. doi:10.1006/reli.1998.0154.
    Quoting: Hubbard, Pain and Sex, HCOB, August 26, 1982.
  5. 1 2 3 Siker, Jeffrey S. (2006). Homosexuality and Religion: An Encyclopedia. Greenwood Publishing Group. pp. 90–91. ISBN 0-313-33088-3.
  6. ↑ Cusack, Carole M (November 2016). "Scientology and Sex: The Second Dynamic, Prenatal Engrams, and the Sea Org". Nova Religio. 20 (2): 5–33. doi:10.1525/nr.2016.20.2.5.
  7. ↑ Hubbard, Science of Survival, pp. 88-90. Church of Scientology of California, 1975 edition. ISBN 0-88404-001-1
  8. ↑ Hubbard, Handbook for Preclears, p. 64. Scientific Press, Wichita, 1951
  9. ↑ Cox, Jennifer (January 29, 2006). "Tom Cruise, Katie Holmes Sex Life on Hold?". National Ledger. The National Ledger, LLC. Retrieved November 29, 2008.
  10. ↑ Cooper, Paulette (1971). The Scandal of Scientology. Tower Publications. Chapter 3, "Life and sex in the Womb".
  11. ↑ "Tom Cruise Confronts Rumors About Silent Birth". ABC News. The Walt Disney Company. April 13, 2006. Retrieved December 1, 2008.
  12. ↑ Staff (March 23, 2001). "A church for celebrities, but what about me?". The Daily Telegraph.
  13. ↑ Hubbard, The Dynamics of Life, 1988 edition, pg.74
  14. ↑ Vega, Cecilia M. (October 13, 2007). "Group censured for using Newsom's image in pro-Scientology booklet". San Francisco Chronicle. www.sfgate.com. Retrieved November 29, 2008.
  15. ↑ L. Ron Hubbard (August 11, 1967), "Second Dynamic Rules", HCOPL of 11 August 1967, Hubbard Communications Office
  16. ↑ Morton, Andrew (2008). Tom Cruise: An Unauthorized Biography. Macmillan. pp. 128–129. ISBN 978-0-312-35986-7.
  17. ↑ Broderick, Damien (2007). Outside the Gates of Science: Why It's Time for the Paranormal to Come in from the Cold. Thunder's Mouth Press. pp. 56. ISBN 978-1-56025-986-2.
  18. ↑ Herrick, James A. (2004). The Making of the New Spirituality: The Eclipse of the Western Religious Tradition. InterVarsity Press. p. 199. ISBN 0-8308-3279-3.
  19. ↑ Kaufman, Robert (1972). Inside Scientology: How I Joined Scientology and Became Superhuman. Olympia Press. ISBN 0-7004-0110-5. Part 1.
  20. ↑ Andrew Morton (January 15, 2008). Tom Cruise: An Unauthorized Biography. Macmillan. p. 97. ISBN 978-1-4299-3390-2. Retrieved March 20, 2013.
  21. ↑ Gerald Wheeler (January 1, 2010). Beyond Death's Door: The Hope of Reunion. Review and Herald Pub Assoc. p. 92. ISBN 978-0-8280-2474-7. Retrieved March 20, 2013.
  22. ↑ Janet Reitman (July 5, 2011). Inside Scientology: The Story of America's Most Secretive Religion. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. p. 296. ISBN 978-0-547-54923-1. Retrieved March 20, 2013.
  23. ↑ Robyn E. Lebron (January 9, 2012). Searching for Spiritual Unity...Can There Be Common Ground?. CrossBooks. p. 550. ISBN 978-1-4627-1262-5. Retrieved March 20, 2013.
  24. ↑ Vosper, Cyril (1971). The Mind Benders. Spearman. ISBN 0-85435-061-6. Chapter 8: Clear.
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