There have been many reported cases and accusations of sexual abuse in the American film industry reported against people related to the medium of cinema of the United States.[1][2]

Accusations of sexual assault in the industry go back to 1921, and during the last decades they have gained strength due to the accusations against producers, directors, actors and related publicists. Speculation about sexual assault in the industry grew in 1977, when director Roman Polanski left the United States after being convicted on charges of drugging and raping a thirteen-year-old girl.[3]

In October 2017, the issue gained extensive media coverage after producer Harvey Weinstein was accused of sexually abusing more than 80 women. The accusations of Weinstein led to dozens of men and women to publicly begin to denounce sexual aggressions, in what became known as the Weinstein effect and the Me Too movement.[4][5] Some actors in the medium joined the protest and publicly supported the victims. The subject is of ongoing general interest to the public and continues to feed public opinion,[6][7][8] and moreover has served to heighten public awareness and interest in general industry trends that allow events such as these to happen. The public has begun to increasingly look at not only the constraints that women are placed in but also the way the legal system only strengthens these constraints through contracts and such in Hollywood.[9][10]

Fatty Arbuckle case

The first case of sexual assault in Hollywood to receive widespread media attention occurred on September 5, 1921, when comedian Roscoe "Fatty" Arbuckle was accused of sexually assaulting actress Virginia Rappe. Arbuckle had organized a party in which, it was alleged, he took advantage of Rappe's drunkenness to rape her. The aggression was so violent that Rappe died four days later. The news coverage reached such a pitch that journalist and newspaper tycoon William Randolph Hearst wrote columns in which he directly accused Arbuckle and added details to the event, such as that Arbuckle had raped Rappe with a bottle.[11]

Arbuckle was the defendant in three widely publicized trials for the rape of Rappe, and after the first two trials, which resulted in hung juries, Arbuckle was acquitted in the third trial and received a formal written statement of apology from the jury. Despite Arbuckle's acquittal, the scandal was enough to end his career.[12]

Patricia Douglas case

Patricia Douglas, a dancer and film extra, reported being raped by David Ross, a sales employee at Metro-Goldwyn-Meyer studios, during a party she was hired to entertain guests with dozens of other women hosted by the company. Patricia reported she was force-fed alcohol, then when she went outside to vomit, Ross forced her into a car and violently raped her. She immediately went to the hospital and filed reports for prosecution, even paying her own legal fees.[13]

A massive retaliation was waged against Patricia to blacklist and ruin her so the case was dropped. Patricia was cleaned at the hospital instead of evidence being collected, news reports revealing her personal information lied that she was promiscuous and had contracted a sexually transmitted disease, and even the prosecutor was accused of taking bribes in exchange for dropping the charges. Director David Stenn found Patricia before she passed away, insisting to ask her account once again, which was published in an article by Vanity Fair magazine. Stenn would later release the documentary Girl 27 to cover Patricia's reports and legal efforts and ensuing fallout, as well as other sexual abuses of female celebrities in the American entertainment industry.[14]

Actresses and feminist activists Rose McGowan and Jessica Chastain have voiced their support for the documentary and believe it to be vital education on sexual abuse cultures in Hollywood. McGowan has since publicly accused Hal Roach, at whose ranch the party was held, of facilitating the sexual abuses of even more women at the party, but details haven't been elaborated to expend on the case any further.[15]

Louis B. Mayer

Louis B. Mayer has been accused of sexual abuse, including having groped a then-teenage Judy Garland. According to Gerald Clarke's book Get Happy: The Life of Judy Garland, Mayer "held meetings with the young woman seated on his lap, his hands on her chest".[16]

Reported cases

Bill Cosby case

Bill Cosby was accused of sexual abuse by around 60 women.

Since 2014, around 60 women publicly accused actor and television presenter Bill Cosby of sexually abusing them during the 1970s and 1980s. Most contended that Cosby had drugged them to facilitate the aggression. For example, former model Janice Dickinson said that one afternoon in 1982, while suffering from intense menstrual pain, Cosby recommended a "pill" that would supposedly calm the discomfort. "The last thing I remember was Bill Cosby in a patchwork robe, dropping his robe and getting on top of me," she told CNN. "And I remember a lot of pain." In the same article, actress and producer Barbara Bowman also accused Cosby of raping her.[17][18]

In December 2015, three Class II felony charges of aggravated indecent assault were filed against Cosby in Montgomery County, Pennsylvania for the assault of Andrea Constand,[19] based on allegations concerning incidents from January 2004. Cosby's first trial in June 2017 ended in a mistrial.[20]

After the mistrial, Cosby faced a second criminal trial over charges of sexual abuse. In January 2018, he joked about the issue and appeared unconcerned.[21][22] Throughout the trial, Cosby and his lawyer relied on the image of Cosby in America's eyes and argued that the media was portraying Cosby in a light that would easily sway the jury. They also went on to say that Cosby was being discriminated against as a black man in America. Cosby furthered this notion in many interviews, maintaining that these allegations were based on his race in America.[23]

On April 26, 2018, Cosby was found guilty of three counts of aggravated indecent assault,[24] and on September 25, 2018, Cosby was sentenced to three to ten years in state prison and fined $25,000, plus the cost of the prosecution, $43,611.[25] Cosby appealed on June 25, 2019.[26]

On June 30, 2021, Cosby was released from prison and his conviction was overturned. It was decided that District Attorney Kevin Steele had unjustly prosecuted Cosby, since his predecessor had agreed not to after Cosby's testimony in Constand's civil case.[27]

Roman Polanski case

Roman Polanski

In 1977, Samantha Geimer, then 13 years old, accused director Roman Polanski of forcing her to have sex with him. Geimer stated that the director took her to the house of actor Jack Nicholson in Los Angeles, under the pretense of wanting her as a model for a photo shoot for Vogue magazine. There, Polanski supplied her quaaludes and later photographed her topless. Both were alone in Nicholson's house, so Polanski took advantage of the situation by taking her to the master bedroom and then raping her.[3][28] Polanski was accused of sexual abuse of a minor, drug use, perversion and sodomy, but only convicted pursuant to a plea of unlawful sexual intercourse.[29] The Court ordered 90 days of state prison that included a psychiatric evaluation, while deliberating the final sentence. However, Polanski requested another 90-day probation period to finish a then-current project, which was granted. After filming finished, the director returned to the United States for his evaluation period and was released after 42 days.[30] However, Polanski fled to Europe before his sentencing, after reportedly learning that the judge in the case would renege on a probation agreement and instead impose a jail sentence.[31] Polanski settled in his native France, where his French nationality prevented him from being extradited to the United States.[32] The Polanski case sparked the interest of the American media, who condemned the actions of the French authorities.

In March 2003, during the 75th Academy Awards ceremony, Polanski was awarded the Academy Award for Best Director for the film The Pianist; Polanski did not attend. Attendees at the ceremony gave the director a standing ovation, despite his being absent.[33] In September 2009, he was arrested at the Zürich Airport in Switzerland at the request of American authorities on the Samantha Geimer case. However, the following year, the Justice Department announced that Switzerland would not extradite Polanski. In December 2016, the Supreme Court of Poland rejected a request for Polanski's extradition. Polanski is a dual citizen of France and Poland, and as of 2016 lived in France, which does not extradite its citizens.[34] In 2017, Geimer herself asked to close the case, saying that she had forgiven him years earlier.[3][35]

In 2010, Charlotte Lewis also accused Polanski of predatory sexual conduct against her when she was 16 years old, claiming that Polanski insisted that she sleep with him in return for casting her in the 1986 film Pirates.[36]

Woody Allen case

Woody Allen in 2015

In 1978, actress Mia Farrow and her husband André Previn adopted Soon-Yi Previn, born in Seoul. After Farrow's divorce from Previn, she began a relationship with film director Woody Allen. In December 1987, Farrow and Allen had a son, Satchel (who would later go by the name Ronan Farrow). Farrow had adopted two other children by herself: Moses in 1978 and Dylan in 1985. Allen would co-adopt them in December 1991.

In January 1992, a crisis in the relationship between Farrow and Allen appeared when Farrow discovered Allen and her oldest adopted daughter Soon-Yi were having an affair, which the couple admitted. Later that year, on August 17, Allen issued a statement saying that he was in love with Previn and the affair still existed.[37]

The relationship between Woody Allen and Soon-Yi Previn had started in December 1991, when Soon-Yi was 21 years old. The discovery of their affair sparked a dispute over custody of the younger children Satchel (later: Ronan), Dylan and Moses, in the course of which an allegation of sexual abuse against Allen arose. While the parties were negotiating how to resolve custody of the children, they had agreed that Allen could make supervised visits to the minor children.[38]

On August 4, 1992, Farrow received Allen in her Connecticut holiday home and went shopping with a friend, leaving 7-year-old Dylan and 4-year-old Satchel under the care of two babysitters, who had explicit instructions never to leave the children alone, and were accompanied by another nanny and the three children of Farrow's friend Casey Pascal. Moses Farrow, who was then 14 years old, was also present. According to a later statement, although no one observed that Allen or Dylan had left the group that day, the babysitters retraced their steps and concluded that there may have been a period of 10 or 20 minutes in which they were neither with Allen nor Dylan. At this point, Allen was alleged to have taken Dylan to a crawl space behind Mia Farrow's bedroom closet and sexually abused her.[38]

The police investigation began several days later, after a pediatrician whom Mia had taken Dylan to had informed the police (as required by law). The State Police and Connecticut Attorney's Office referred Dylan to the Child Sexual Abuse Clinic at Yale New Haven Hospital to determine if she had been sexually abused. After a six-month investigation, the hospital's Child Sexual Abuse Clinic concluded that Dylan was not sexually abused by Allen and that Dylan's statements did not refer to actual events that occurred to her. They stated that the allegation was likely a combination of emotional distress and coaching by her mother.[39]

The allegation was also investigated by New York Social Services, who concluded that there was no credible evidence of abuse,[40] and by the New York Supreme Court in the custody case, which dismissed the abuse allegation.[41]

In the closing statements of the custody trials, Mia Farrow's attorney, Eleanor Alter, acknowledged the possibility that the allegation of abuse was all Dylan's fantasies, but that Dylan still believed it had actually happened.[42] In February 2014, when she was 28, Dylan repeated the assault allegation in an open letter in the New York Times blog of Nicholas Kristof,[43] a family friend, stating: "When I was seven years old, Woody Allen took me by the hand and took me to a dark attic on the second floor of our house. He told me to lie on my stomach and play with my brother's electric train. Then he abused me sexually, he spoke to me while he was doing it, whispering to me that I was a good girl, that this was our secret and he promised me that we would go to Paris and I would become a movie star."[43][44]

Although Allen has denied the allegation against him, his son Ronan defended his sister. Ronan was one of the first journalists to write about the sexual abuse allegations against Harvey Weinstein, leading to the Weinstein effect and the Me Too movement.[45] Conversely, Ronan and Dylan's older brother, Moses Farrow, who was 14 years old in 1992, wrote an open letter saying that he was in the house that day and had never lost sight of Allen and Dylan, that there was no sexual abuse, that the allegation was a fabrication by Mia Farrow and that there had never been an electric train set in the attic, as Dylan had claimed.[46]

Allen has been married to Soon-Yi since 1997. Amidst the allegations against Allen, Soon-Yi released a statement to the press stating that her mother Mia Farrow had been abusive and emotionally unstable in the household. She gave an interview in New York Magazine in which she professed Allen's innocence and characterized Farrow as an emotionally and physically abusive parent.[47] Dylan and Ronan Farrow both denounced Previn's allegations about their mother.[48]

Following the 2017 accusations against Allen, actors such as Griffin Newman,[49] Elliot Page,[50] Evan Rachel Wood,[51] Drew Barrymore,[52] Kate Winslet,[53] David Krumholtz,[54] Greta Gerwig,[55] Mira Sorvino,[56] Rebecca Hall,[57] Timothée Chalamet,[58] Rachel Brosnahan,[59] Natalie Portman,[60] Colin Firth,[61][62] Marion Cotillard,[63] Chloë Sevigny,[64] Joaquin Phoenix,[65] Hayley Atwell,[66] Peter Sarsgaard,[67] and Elle Fanning[68] publicly expressed their regret for having worked with Allen, with Newman, Hall, Chalamet and Fanning saying they would donate their earnings from Allen's film A Rainy Day in New York (2018) to charities.[58] Conversely, actors Diane Keaton,[69] Alec Baldwin,[70] Angelica Huston,[71] Dianne Wiest,[72] Sean Penn,[73] Judy Davis,[74] Jeff Goldblum,[75] Javier Bardem,[76][77] Léa Seydoux,[78] Samantha Morton,[79] Cherry Jones,[80] Wallace Shawn,[81] Alan Alda,[82] Gina Gershon,[83] Larry David,[84] Richard Kind,[85] and Scarlett Johansson[86] came out in his defense. Actor Michael Caine initially said he wouldn't work again with Allen[87] but later retracted his statement, commenting that the accusations against Allen were not proved and that "You can't go on hearsay the whole time".[88]

Bryan Singer case

Bryan Singer in 2013

In 1997, a 14-year-old extra accused American filmmaker Bryan Singer of asking him and other minors to film a shower scene nude for the film Apt Pupil.[89] Two other adolescent boys, 16 and 17 years old, later supported the allegation and filed a civil suit against the filmmakers alleging infliction of emotional distress, negligence, and invasion of privacy,[90] and alleged that they were filmed for sexual gratification.[91] The Los Angeles County District Attorney's Office declined to press criminal charges against Singer or anyone else named in the lawsuit.[92]

In April 2014, actor and model Michael Egan sued Singer for sexual assault of a minor, alleging that Singer drugged and raped him in Hawaii over a period of two years after meeting him at parties hosted by convicted sex offender Marc Collins-Rector.[93] On May 22, 2014, however, Singer's attorney presented evidence to Federal District Judge Susan Oki Mollway showing that neither Singer nor Egan was in Hawaii at the time.[94] In early August 2014, Egan withdrew his lawsuit[95] The following year, Egan was sentenced to two years in prison for unrelated charges of conspiracy to commit securities and wire fraud.[96]

In May 2014, attorney Jeff Herman filed a lawsuit against Singer on behalf of an anonymous British man. Both Singer and producer Gary Goddard (who was also named separately in the first case) were accused of sexually assaulting "John Doe No. 117".[97] According to the lawsuit, Goddard and Singer met the man for sex when he was a minor and engaged in acts of "gender violence" against him while in London for the premiere of Singer's film Superman Returns.[98] The charge against Singer in this case was dismissed, at the accuser's request, in July 2014.[99]

In the 2014 film An Open Secret, a documentary on child sexual abuse in Hollywood, made reference to Singer, but details of Egan's allegations were omitted after Egan withdrew his lawsuit during the film's production.[100] Author Bret Easton Ellis alleged that two of his former partners had attended underage sex parties hosted by Singer and fellow director Roland Emmerich.[101]

On December 7, 2017, Cesar Sanchez-Guzman filed a lawsuit in Washington against Singer, alleging that the director had raped him in 2003, when he was 17.[102] After the lawsuit was announced, the USC School of Cinematic Arts removed Singer's name from its Division of Cinema & Media Studies program.[103]

On January 23, 2019, Alex French and Maximillian Potter published an investigative report in The Atlantic in which four more men alleged that Singer sexually assaulted them when they were underage.[93]

Other cases

In other cases, actor Jeffrey Jones was arrested in 2003 after forcing a 14-year-old boy to pose nude for him; Jones did not deny the accusations.[104] In the 1980s, Victor Salva (director of Jeepers Creepers) served 15 months in prison for abusing a 12-year-old boy named Nathan Forrest Winters—one of the actors in his film Clownhouse—and for forcing him to have oral sex with another 14-year-old boy. Salva had become friends with Winters' parents in order to gain their trust before inviting Winters to his house, where he sexually assaulted him. According to Winters, he was "blackballed" from working in the industry ever again, while Salva was released early from prison and has continued to work in Hollywood.[105][106] In early 2017, Wild Card actress Greice Santo and her husband R. J. Cipriani accused Edmonton Oilers owner Daryl Katz of offering money to Santo in exchange for sexual favors and film producer Michael Gelmon of defending Katz and threatening to end Santo's career.[107]

In 2004, actor and producer Brian Peck was convicted of a lewd act against a child and oral copulation of a person under 16.[108]

Executive producer Steven Marshall was sentenced to 7+1⁄2 years in prison for distribution of child pornography. Marshall was arrested in 2009 on charges of distribution and possession of child pornography. Marshall pleaded guilty to distribution and the possession charge was dropped. Authorities say he engaged in sending and receiving child pornography and participated in online chats detailing child abduction, bondage, rapes and murders.[109]

Bob Villard, a headshot photographer and manager who has represented Tobey Maguire, Leonardo DiCaprio and other actors, was charged with transportation of child pornography. Villard was accused in 2001 and charged after searches of his home uncovered thousands of photographs of boys in skimpy bathing suits posed in sexually suggestive positions. He pleaded no contest to a misdemeanor and was sentenced to three years of probation. In 2005, Villard was back in court and pleaded no contest to the felony charge of committing a lewd act on a child. The victim was a 13-year-old boy who sought his services as an acting coach. Villard was given an eight-year prison sentence.[110]

In 2016, acting coach and actor Cameron Thor, best known for playing Lewis Dodgson in the 1993 film Jurassic Park, was sentenced to six years in prison for sexually assaulting 13-year-old Jordyn Ladell in 2009.[111] Consequently, his role as Lewis Dodgson was recast with Campbell Scott for the 2022 film Jurassic World Dominion.[112]

In November 2017, actor Corey Feldman expressed interest in making a documentary that would expose pedophilia in Hollywood and the "sectors of power" within the industry.[113][114][115] Feldman alleged that he suffered sexual abuse within what he described as a "network of prostitution". Feldman said he would seek money to hire lawyers to back him up, since the material to be published would make a direct statement against "six main Hollywood producers who would seek to deny it." Feldman also said that his friend and fellow child actor Corey Haim, who died in 2010, had died without being able to tell the public the name of the person who raped him when both were looking for a job opportunity.[115] Feldman had already participated in the 2014 documentary An Open Secret, which exhibited the sexual abuse committed during the casting and recruitment of young actors in movies or commercials by people in the film industry. The documentary also makes multiple references to the accusations against Singer,[116] and the opinions of the children's parents, who at some point saw themselves as needing to "trust" the agents for the means to improve their economic condition. Similarly, the case of photographer Bob Villard was exposed in the material. According to the statements, Villard took photographs of children and adolescents and then sold them without permission or authorization from parents through the eBay portal as erotic content.[117][118]

In 2019, Rob Cohen (director of XxX and The Mummy: Tomb of the Dragon Emperor) was accused by an unnamed woman of getting her drunk and sexually assaulting her while she was unconscious in a hotel room. Early that year, Cohen was also accused by his transgender daughter Valkyrie Weather and his ex-wife Dianna Mitzner of sexually assaulting the former when she was a toddler. Cohen denied both allegations.[119] In January 2021, Cohen was also accused by actress Asia Argento of drugging her with GHB and raping her during filming of 'XxX, leading one of Cohen's representatives to dismiss the story as "absolutely false".[120] In 2018, however, Argento herself was accused by actor Jimmy Bennett of sexually assaulting him when he was 17 and she was 37.[121] In the wake of Bennett's claims, Argento was dropped from X-Factor Italy.[122]

Later accusations

Accusations around the 89th Academy Awards

There were two high-profile accusations around the time of the 89th Academy Awards.

In October 2016, following the premiere of the movie The Birth of a Nation (2016), its director and lead actor, Nate Parker, was singled out for a 1999 case in which he and his friend Jean Celestin (who co-wrote the film) were accused of drugging and sexually abusing an 18-year-old woman. The promotion of The Birth of a Nation came amidst a climate of accusations against its director, which were credited with hampering the film's success.[123]

Actor Casey Affleck was also accused of sexual harassment. According to reports, during the filming of the movie I'm Still Here (2010), Affleck was accused of sexually harassing both the film's producer Amanda White and director of photography Magdalena Gorka. Both parties reached an out-of-court settlement in 2010.[124][125] Actress Brie Larson, having won the Best Actress Award at the Academy Awards a year earlier, had to present the award to Affleck for Best Actor, but did not applaud when the actor went on stage to collect the award. Later, she would say that, "whatever it was that I did onstage kind of spoke for itself".[126] In January 2018, Affleck announced that he would not present the Academy Award for Best Actress at the 90th Academy Awards ceremony, so as not to be the subject of attention during the time of the Me Too movement.[127]

Allegations in 2015 and 2016

In 2015, Linda Lewis, daughter-in-law of Loretta Young, stated publicly that Young had confided in her that the birth of her daughter Judy Lewis, widely assumed to have been the result of an affair, was the result of Young's rape at the hands of Clark Gable during filming of Call of the Wild (1935).[128]

In 2016, actress Tippi Hedren claimed in her autobiography that she had been sexually harassed by film director Alfred Hitchcock during the filming of The Birds in 1963, and that he had forbidden other male actors to approach her.[129][130]

At the end of 2016, it was reported that Marlon Brando had sexually abused actress Maria Schneider in 1972 during a scene in the film Last Tango in Paris (1972). According to the reports, neither Brando nor director Bernardo Bertolucci warned the actress that she would be filming a rape scene with Brando that day, leading in turn to reports that Bertolucci had "confessed" to Schneider being raped on set, prompting Bertolucci to release a statement clarifying that a simulation and not actual intercourse had taken place.[131][132]

Harvey Weinstein case

The Weinstein case led dozens of victims to expose their aggressions.

The subject of sexual abuse in Hollywood acquired important significance in the world media in 2017, after producer Harvey Weinstein, founder of Miramax and the Weinstein Company, was accused by more than 80 women of having sexually assaulted them. The accusations ranged from sexual harassment to rape, with Weinstein denying any wrongdoing.[133] According to the women's reports, Weinstein invited young actresses or models to a hotel room or office on the pretext of discussing their careers, and then demanded massages or sexual intercourse. In an audio recording revealed during the ensuing scandal, Weinstein can be heard pressing model Ambra Gutierrez to accompany him to take a shower and, after her refusal, he insists, "I will not do anything to you, I swear it for my children."[134][135]

Among the actresses who claim to have suffered harassment or rape by Weinstein are Rose McGowan, Angelina Jolie, Mira Sorvino, Paz de la Huerta, Annabella Sciorra and Gwyneth Paltrow. Another, Italian actress Asia Argento, collated a list of sexual abuse accusations against Weinstein.[136] The incidents alleged in the list date from 1980 to 2015 and include 18 complaints of rape.[136] In them, it is alleged that Weinstein granted important roles in films in exchange for sexual favors. As a result, the Weinstein Company and the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences decided to expel Weinstein.

Weinstein has been charged with first and third degree rape. He was sentenced to 23 years in a maximum security prison on March 11, 2020.[137] This has led to a larger conversation on what these implications of sexual assault have on other industries. In light of the scandal, others in varying industries have stepped forward to admit they have been sexually assaulted, leading to a conversation about a culture that perpetuates this. Many have begun a larger conversation on the cover-up of the abuses and the nuances that lead to it.[138]

Weinstein, however, continues to maintain his innocence, and his attorneys believe his conviction was achieved due to peer pressure. Weinstein's attorney Donna Rotunno says it was fueled by the pressure to charge a man with five accounts against him, and that emotions ran high in the courtroom, furthering the jury's pressure to convict Weinstein. Both Weinstein and Rotunno maintain that the women had consensual encounters with Weinstein, providing texts between the women and Weinstein that indicated potential consent.[139]

The accusations against Weinstein led to the disclosure of a number of victims of other sexual assaults by people in the film industry.

Kevin Spacey case

Kevin Spacey

On October 30, 2017, actor Anthony Rapp stated that in 1986, when he was 14, he had been sexually assaulted by actor Kevin Spacey, then 24, during a party held at Spacey's home. According to the statement, Rapp claimed that he was in Spacey's bedroom watching TV during the party when an intoxicated Spacey walked in and laid on top of him.[140]

In response to these allegations, Spacey released a statement on Twitter saying that he did not remember the incident, and apologized to Rapp for "deeply inappropriate drunken behavior" if he had done what Rapp had accused him of. In the same statement, Spacey came out as gay.[141][142] This intensified public condemnation of Spacey, with several members of the LGBT community in Hollywood accusing Spacey of coming out as a distraction from Rapp's accusation, as well as using drunkenness as an excuse for sexual misconduct and suggesting a connection between homosexuality and pedophilia.[143][144][145]

Within days, 15 other people came forward with accusations that Spacey had sexually harassed or assaulted them.[146] Technical staff from the Netflix television series House of Cards, in which Spacey starred, declared that the actor frequently harassed men during filming. He was also accused of sexually harassing young men at the Old Vic, where he worked as artistic director from 2003 to 2015, with one alleged victim stating, "It seems that it only took being a male under 30 to make Mr. Spacey feel free to touch us."[147][148]

After the accusations, Spacey announced his admission to the Meadows clinic in Arizona to undergo treatment for sex addiction.[142] Netflix broke commercial ties with the actor, leading them to cancel the proposed Gore Vidal biopic Gore, which would have starred Spacey, and his participation in the forthcoming film All the Money in the World (2017) was eliminated, with actor Christopher Plummer enlisted to replace Spacey and re-shoot the scenes with Spacey's character, J. Paul Getty. House of Cards later announced that its following sixth season would be the series' last, and that it would be filmed without Spacey.[149][150][151]

#MeToo

The accusations against Harvey Weinstein unleashed a campaign through the hashtag Me Too, with which different people joined the list of victims of sexual abuse by actors, directors and producers. The comedian Louis C.K. and filmmaker Brett Ratner had projects canceled after receiving at least six accusations each; C.K. later confirmed the allegations against him - that he had forced several women to watch him masturbate[152] - and apologized, while Ratner denied the claims of sexual harassment made against him by actresses such as Olivia Munn and Natasha Henstridge.[153] The filmmaker James Toback had a total of 200 accusations of sexual harassment levied against him.[154]

Acting coach Anna Graham Hunter made allegations against the actor Dustin Hoffman, claiming that in 1985, during the filming of the television film Death of a Salesman, the actor groped her and harassed her; for example, when she asked Hoffman what he wanted to eat at breakfast, Hoffman replied, "I'll have a hard-boiled egg and a soft-boiled clitoris." This accusation was soon followed by those of six other women. Hoffman later released an apology but denied wrongdoing, saying, "I have the utmost respect for women and feel terrible that anything I might have done could have put her in an uncomfortable situation," continuing, "I am sorry. It is not reflective of who I am,"[155][156] but has not publicly responded to the other six allegations.[155][157][158]

Other actors like Richard Dreyfuss,[159] James Woods,[160] and Jeffrey Tambor[161] denied accusations made against them. In January 2018, after winning the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy, James Franco was accused by five women, including Sarah Tither-Kaplan, who claimed that when she was a student in Franco's acting class, he forced them to undress and remove the plastic protections during the filming of sex scenes. Franco did not attend the 23rd Critics' Choice Awards ceremony afterwards.[162][163]

Time magazine named the "Silence Breakers" behind the Me Too movement to collectively be Time Person of the Year in 2017.[164]

Accusations of complicity and criticisms

Public opinion was against not only those who committed sexual abuse but those who covered for or silenced complaints against them. Actors such as Matt Damon and Ben Affleck admitted hearing about Weinstein sexually harassing and assaulting women in Hollywood.[165][166] After actress Meryl Streep denied having knowledge of Weinstein's behavior, actress Rose McGowan, one of his victims, rejected her claim and called her a "hypocrite".[167][168]

On January 7, 2018, during the 75th Golden Globe Awards ceremony, the vast majority of attendees decided to wear black in solidarity with the victims.[8][169] The participation of some attendees was criticized, including Streep herself and Oprah Winfrey, who, after receiving the honorary Cecil B. DeMille Award, dedicated her speech to the victims of such aggressions. That same night, singer Seal declared that Winfrey had been a friend of Weinstein's and claimed that she knew about his behavior.[170][171]

Actor Liam Neeson criticized the #MeToo movement, alleging that the accusations against his fellow actors had turned into a witch hunt, adding, "There are some people, famous individuals, who are suddenly accused of touching a girl's knee, or something like that, and then they are dismissed from their shows."[172][173] In an interview with Natalie Morales on the Today Show in September 2018, actor Sean Penn criticized the #MeToo movement as one "that gets glommed onto in great stridency and rage and without nuance," and that served to "divide men and women".[174] In January 2018, French actress Brigitte Bardot called some of the actresses who denounced the abuses "hypocrites". In her statement, she said, "There are many actresses who provoke the producers to obtain a role, then, when speaking of them, they say they were harassed."[175][176]

At the 85th Academy Awards nominations ceremony on January 10, 2013, host Seth MacFarlane joked when announcing the Best Supporting Actress nominees: "Congratulations, you five ladies no longer have to pretend to be attracted to Harvey Weinstein."[177]

On January 10, 2016, the presenter of the 73rd Golden Globe Awards ceremony, Ricky Gervais, made the following comment about the movie Spotlight (about journalists for the Boston Globe who investigated the child sexual abuse scandal in the Catholic Church): "Spotlight is the movie about how a group of sexual predators was allowed to abuse children and continue working with impunity and without punishment. Roman Polanski called it 'the best romantic comedy in history.'"[178]

On January 7, 2018, during the 75th Golden Globe Awards ceremony, presenter Seth Meyers said in reference to the movie The Shape of Water: "When I heard that the story of an innocent woman who falls in love with a water monster was filmed, I just said, 'Oh no, not another Woody Allen movie!' It's like Manhattan, in water."[179]

Psychology and behavior

The psychology center Cepsim in Madrid, Spain described in summary the profile of the abuser: "They are men or women with a lot of power who use it with vulnerable people to get what they want. Normally they lack empathy, which is what places us in someone else's pain and makes us not hurt or be selfish."[180] The Department of Psychology of the University of Málaga added that rapists do not usually assimilate that they are committing a crime, since their minds are usually narcissistic.[181] The personality of abusers in show business also has atypical behaviors, such as pressuring actresses and models to attend castings or sign contracts in unusual places such as hotel rooms or private rooms. After the abuse, they resort to blackmail or a direct threat to silence the victim.[180] Criminal law lawyer Alicia Ozores explained to the newspaper La Vanguardia that some abusers tried to take refuge under the argument that "they were addicted to sex", this in order to reduce a sentence and cleanse their image because sex addiction is a recognized disorder.[182] Weinstein and Spacey claimed to suffer from sexual addiction in response to the accusations against them.[183]

Many sexual abusers use persuasion, deception or pressure, rather than physical violence or force, to subdue their victims. They often have authoritative relationships with their victims.[184][185] In the case of child sexual abuse, the rapist would be opportunistic, taking advantage of the carelessness of the parents and in this case of their desire to venture into the media.[184][186]

Victims usually fear being disbelieved and judged by the public opinion. Usually, the society condemns the abuse but in turn questions the reason why the victim did not speak out before.[180] Brazilian psychologist Flavia Dos Santos told Colombian newspaper El País that victims are usually convinced to speak when they are told that their statement will reduce the amount of future incidents.[187] Victims usually feels helpless to know that their abusers are people with media power and as a result can act with impunity.[180] Many of the later behaviors of the victims, such as guilt or imbalance in interpersonal relationships, were shown in the documentary An Open Secret, where victims narrate that sexual abuse has been assumed as part of the culture in Hollywood and for that reason nobody has worried about eradicating it.[188]

Theme in the 2016 United States presidential election

Sexual abuse as a result of having a position of power was one of the issues during the 2016 United States presidential election, particularly when in October of the same year, a month before the election, an audio recording was released that dated from 2005 in which Donald Trump, then the presidential candidate for the Republican Party, was heard boasting about how he used his power to sexually assault women; In the recording, Trump said of women, "when you're a star, they let you do anything. Grab them by the pussy."[189]

That same day, Trump released a statement in which he apologized for the video's content, and said that he was "not perfect". Likewise, during the third presidential debate with Democratic candidate Hillary Rodham Clinton, he argued: "Nobody respects women more than me."[190][191] Trump won the presidential election a month later, and the following year the production company Brave New Films presented a video that compiled the testimonies of 16 women who publicly accused Trump of harassing or sexually assaulting them.[192]

Post election

In October 2017, former President Barack Obama and Hillary Clinton expressed their sympathy for victims of sexual abuse. Obama testified about the specific behavior of Harvey Weinstein, who had been a frequent donor to the Democratic Party, "Michelle and I are disgusted by the recent reports on Harvey Weinstein; any man who degrades women in that way should be condemned and held accountable, regardless of their wealth or condition."[193]

Actor Isaac Kappy, who committed suicide in 2019, participated in a podcast with conspiracy theorist Alex Jones, claiming Tom Hanks and Seth Green were pedophiles.[194][195][196] Prior to his death, Kappy, a supporter of the conspiracy theory group QAnon, had been investigated by the Los Angeles Police Department's Threats Management Unit for allegedly stalking Green and choking model/actress Paris Jackson.[197]

See also

References

  1. ↑ Pulver, Andrew (February 21, 2018). "94% of women in Hollywood experience sexual harassment or assault, says survey". The Guardian. Retrieved February 16, 2023.
  2. ↑ "El acoso sexual en el cine, un problema "de toda la vida"" [Sexual harassment in cinema, a "lifelong" problem]. El Comercio (in Spanish). November 3, 2017. Retrieved February 8, 2018.
  3. 1 2 3 "Samantha Geimer pide cerrar el caso de violación que sufrió de Roman Polanski cuando tenía 13 años" [Samantha Geimer asks to close the case of rape she suffered from Roman Polanski when she was 13]. El Mundo (in Spanish). June 10, 2017. Retrieved February 8, 2018.
  4. ↑ Gurchiek, Kathy (October 4, 2018). "One Year After #MeToo and 'Weinstein Effect': What's Changed?". shrm.org. Retrieved February 16, 2023.
  5. ↑ "Las actrices de Hollywood, unidas contra el acoso sexual: "No permaneceré en silencio"" [Hollywood actresses, united against sexual harassment: "I will not remain silent"]. Infobae (in Spanish). December 11, 2017. Retrieved February 8, 2018.
  6. ↑ Brown, Anna (September 29, 2022). "More Than Twice as Many Americans Support Than Oppose the #MeToo Movement". Pew Research Center. Retrieved February 16, 2023.
  7. ↑ "Abusos en Hollywood" [Abuses in Hollywood]. La Nación (in Spanish). Retrieved February 8, 2018.
  8. 1 2 "Hollywood grita contra el acoso sexual en los Globos de Oro" [Hollywood shouts against sexual harassment in the Golden Globes]. RTVE (in Spanish). January 8, 2018. Retrieved February 8, 2018.
  9. ↑ Pauly, Madison (March–April 2020). "She said, he sued". Mother Jones. Retrieved March 24, 2020.
  10. ↑ Hirshman, Linda (February 11, 2020). "Prosecute Harvey Weinstein for extortion instead of rape. It's easier to prove". The Washington Post.
  11. ↑ Meade, Marion (1997). Buster Keaton: Cut to the Chase. New York City: Da Capo Press. p. 121. ISBN 0-306-80802-1.
  12. ↑ "'Fatty' Arbuckle and Hollywood's first scandal". BBC News. September 4, 2011. Retrieved February 8, 2018.
  13. ↑ Galloway, Stephen (13 November 2017). "How a Hollywood Studio Got Away With Rape in 1937". Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved 26 May 2023.
  14. ↑ Stenn, David (April 2003). "It Happened One Night . . . at MGM". Vanity Fair. Retrieved 26 May 2023.
  15. ↑ Williams, Zoe (28 February 2020). "Rose McGowan: 'I won't be free of Harvey Weinstein until he's dead – or I am'". The Guardian. Retrieved 26 May 2023.
  16. ↑ "Casting-Couch Tactics Plagued Hollywood Long Before Harvey Weinstein". Variety. October 17, 2017. Archived from the original on January 7, 2019. Retrieved August 12, 2022.
  17. ↑ "Report: Janice Dickinson accuses Bill Cosby of rape". CNN. November 19, 2014.
  18. ↑ "Se acumulan las acusaciones a Bill Cosby por abusos sexuales" [Accusations pile up to Bill Cosby for sexual abuse]. El Periódico (in Spanish). December 4, 2014. Retrieved February 8, 2018.
  19. ↑ Dale, Maryclaire (December 30, 2015). "Bill Cosby charged with sexually assaulting a woman". Associated Press. Archived from the original on January 1, 2016. Retrieved December 30, 2015.
  20. ↑ Bowley, Graham; Perez-Pena, Richard; Hurdle, Jon (June 17, 2017). "Bill Cosby's Sexual Assault Case Ends in a Mistrial". The New York Times. Retrieved June 27, 2017.
  21. ↑ Dent, Mark (June 9, 2017). "Fat Albert jokes, courtroom ejections and more chaos from Bill Cosby's trial". billypenn.com. Retrieved February 17, 2023.
  22. ↑ "Bill Cosby enfrenta clima diferente en segundo juicio" [Bill Cosby faces different climate in second trial]. El Universal (in Spanish). January 12, 2018. Retrieved February 8, 2018.
  23. ↑ "Bill Cosby: A timeline of his fall from 'America's Dad' to a 'sexually violent predator'". ABC News. Retrieved 2020-03-25.
  24. ↑ "Judge sets sentencing date for Cosby's sex assault case". NBC News. 16 May 2018. Retrieved January 20, 2019.
  25. ↑ Bowley, Graham; Coscarelli, Joe (25 September 2018). "Bill Cosby Sentenced to 3 to 10 years in Prison". The New York Times. Retrieved September 25, 2018.
  26. ↑ Bowley, Graham (June 25, 2019). "Bill Cosby, Calling His Trial Unfair, Files a Formal Appeal". The New York Times.
  27. ↑ Dale, Maryclaire (June 30, 2021). "Bill Cosby freed from prison, his sex conviction overturned". Associated Press. Retrieved December 25, 2021.
  28. ↑ Keegan, Rebecca (September 16, 2013). "Samantha Geimer tells her side of story in Roman Polanski case". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on 3 November 2014. Retrieved 27 June 2022.
  29. ↑ Wakeman, Jessica (October 6, 2017). "Roman Polanski's Alleged Sexual Assaults: What You Need to Know". Rolling Stone. Retrieved February 16, 2023.
  30. ↑ Ryan, Harriet (1 October 2009). "Defense strategies could keep Polanski out of prison". Los Angeles Times.
  31. ↑ "Roman Polanski fails to secure no-jail guarantee in rape case". The Guardian. April 4, 2017.
  32. ↑ Dyer, Clare (29 September 2009). "How did the law catch up with Roman Polanski?". The Guardian.
  33. ↑ "Roman Polanski winning the Oscar® for Directing". YouTube. Retrieved February 8, 2018.
  34. ↑ "Roman Polanski Extradition Request Rejected by Poland's Supreme Court". The New York Times. December 6, 2016. Retrieved June 27, 2019.
  35. ↑ Starkey, Adam (17 October 2017). "Samantha Geimer forgave Roman Polanski 'almost immediately' for sexually assaulting her aged 13". Metro. Retrieved 16 February 2023.
  36. ↑ Goldman, Russell (May 14, 2010). "New Victim Accuses Roman Polanski of Sexual Abuse". ABC News. Retrieved February 8, 2018.
  37. ↑ Weber, Bruce (August 18, 1992). "Public Disclosures From the Private Life of Woody Allen". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved May 6, 2020.
  38. 1 2 Kranc, Lauren (February 21, 2021). "A Full Timeline of Dylan Farrow's Sexual Assault Accusations Against Woody Allen". Esquire. Retrieved February 16, 2023.
  39. ↑ Wong, Kevin (March 15, 2021). "Here's Everything You Need To Know About Woody Allen vs. Mia Farrow". Complex. Retrieved February 16, 2023.
  40. ↑ Perez-Pena, Richard (October 26, 1993). "Agency Drops Abuse Inquiry in Allen Case". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved May 6, 2020.
  41. ↑ "ALLEN v. FARROW | 215 A.D.2d 137 (1995)". Leagle. Retrieved 2020-05-06.
  42. ↑ Span, Paula (May 5, 1993). "THE TRIAL, SCREECHING TO A HALT". The Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved May 6, 2020.
  43. 1 2 Monge, Yolanda (February 3, 2014). "La hija de Woody Allen rompe su silencio y acusa a su padre de abusos sexuales" [Woody Allen's daughter breaks her silence and accuses her father of sexual abuse]. El País (in Spanish). Retrieved February 8, 2018.
  44. ↑ Farrow, Dylan (February 1, 2014). "Dylan Farrow's Story". The New York Times. Retrieved February 8, 2018.
  45. ↑ "Ronan Farrow, el 'príncipe de Hollywood' que destapó a Harvey Weinstein, ha hablado" [Ronan Farrow, the 'Prince of Hollywood' who uncovered Harvey Weinstein, has spoken]. Vanitatis (in Spanish). January 13, 2018. Retrieved February 8, 2018.
  46. ↑ Farrow, Moses (May 23, 2018). "A SON SPEAKS OUT". mosesfarrow.blogspot.com. Retrieved May 6, 2020.
  47. ↑ "Introducing Soon-Yi Previn". New York Magazine. Retrieved 2022-10-30.
  48. ↑ Amatulli, Jenna (September 17, 2018). "Dylan Farrow, Ronan Farrow Slam 'Disgusting' Soon-Yi Previn Interview". The Huffington Post. Retrieved February 16, 2023.
  49. ↑ McHenry, Jackson (October 16, 2017). "The Tick Actor Griffin Newman Regrets Working With Woody Allen, Promises to Donate His Salary From the Film". Vulture. Retrieved February 8, 2018.
  50. ↑ "Ellen Page says working with Woody Allen 'is the biggest regret of my career'". Women in the World. November 10, 2017. Retrieved February 8, 2018.
  51. ↑ Wood, Evan Rachel [@EvanRachelWoodS] (December 4, 2016). "That was years before I read Dylan's letter. Unfortunately, I can't say that I would again. @juicybombon" (Tweet). Retrieved February 8, 2018 – via Twitter.
  52. ↑ Garner, Glenn (May 18, 2021). "Drew Barrymore Says She Was 'Gaslit' Into Working with Woody Allen in 1996". People. Retrieved February 16, 2023.
  53. ↑ Haring, Bruce (September 11, 2020). "Kate Winslet Voices Regrets About Working With Roman Polanski, Woody Allen". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved February 22, 2023.
  54. ↑ Verhoeven, Beatrice (January 6, 2018). "'Wonder Wheel' Actor Calls Working With Woody Allen 'One of My Most Heartbreaking Mistakes'". The Wrap. Retrieved February 8, 2018.
  55. ↑ Bruni, Frank; Gerwig, Greta; Sorkin, Aaron (January 9, 2018). "Greta Gerwig, Aaron Sorkin: Hollywood Must Change". The New York Times. Retrieved February 8, 2018.
  56. ↑ Sorvino, Mira (January 11, 2018). "Exclusive: Mira Sorvino's Open Letter To Dylan Farrow". The Huffington Post. Retrieved February 8, 2018.
  57. ↑ Levin, Sam (January 12, 2018). "Rebecca Hall says she won't work with Woody Allen again". The Guardian. Retrieved February 8, 2018.
  58. 1 2 Harmon, Steph (January 16, 2018). "Timothée Chalamet: 'I don't want to profit from my work on Woody Allen's film'". The Guardian. Retrieved February 8, 2018.
  59. ↑ Feinberg, Scott (January 17, 2018). "Rachel Brosnahan Says She Regrets Working With Woody Allen". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved February 8, 2018.
  60. ↑ Cooney, Samantha (January 18, 2018). "These Actors All Worked With Woody Allen. Now They Regret It and Support Dylan Farrow". Time. Retrieved February 8, 2018.
  61. ↑ Levin, Sam (January 18, 2018). "Colin Firth says he will not work with Woody Allen again". The Guardian. Retrieved February 8, 2018.
  62. ↑ Leszkiewicz, Anna (January 20, 2018). "Sadly, Colin Firth's words on Woody Allen have a power that women's don't". New Statesman. Retrieved February 8, 2018.
  63. ↑ Richford, Rhonda (January 19, 2018). "Marion Cotillard Calls Working With Woody Allen "Odd," Says She Would Question Working With Him Again". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved February 8, 2018.
  64. ↑ Seetoodeh, Ramin (January 19, 2018). "Chloe Sevigny Says She Would 'Probably Not' Work With Woody Allen Again". Variety. Retrieved February 8, 2018.
  65. ↑ Ryan, Patrick (January 22, 2018). "Joaquin Phoenix 'not aware' of Dylan Farrow's open letter when he worked with Woody Allen". USA Today. Retrieved February 8, 2018.
  66. ↑ Hogan, Michael (January 28, 2018). "Hayley Atwell: 'It's very liberating to play someone who's unapologetically ruthless'". The Guardian. Retrieved February 8, 2018.
  67. ↑ Desta, Yohana (February 27, 2018). "Jeff Daniels, Peter Sarsgaard Join Growing Group of Actors Rejecting Woody Allen, Sort Of". Vanity Fair. Retrieved March 1, 2018.
  68. ↑ Verhoeven, Beatrice (March 10, 2018). "Elle Fanning Says She 'Regrets' If Her Decision to Work With Woody Allen 'Hurt Anyone'". The Wrap. Retrieved March 10, 2018.
  69. ↑ "Diane Keaton defends Woody Allen over abuse allegations". BBC News. January 30, 2018. Retrieved February 8, 2018.
  70. ↑ Chuba, Kirsten (January 16, 2018). "Alec Baldwin Criticizes Stars Denouncing Woody Allen: 'It's Unfair and Sad'". Variety. Retrieved February 8, 2018.
  71. ↑ Pulver, Andrew (May 2, 2019). "Anjelica Huston defends Woody Allen and Roman Polanski". The Guardian. Retrieved February 16, 2023.
  72. ↑ McNulty, Charles (May 9, 2019). "After two Oscars and two Emmys, Dianne Wiest finds meaning in Beckett". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved May 10, 2023.
  73. ↑ Ruimy, Jordan (January 24, 2023). "Sean Penn Defends Woody Allen: 'The Accusations Against Him Never Made Sense to Me'". World of Reel. Retrieved March 3, 2023.
  74. ↑ White, Adam (July 2, 2022). "Judy Davis: 'My honesty has definitely got me in trouble'". The Independent. Retrieved May 19, 2023.
  75. ↑ Desta, Yohana (November 7, 2019). "Jeff Goldblum Defends Woody Allen: "I Would Consider Working With Him Again"". Variety.
  76. ↑ Desta, Yohana (April 19, 2018). "Javier Bardem Is on Woody Allen's Side: 'I Am Very Shocked by This Sudden Treatment'". Vanity Fair. Retrieved February 17, 2023.
  77. ↑ VanHoose, Benjamin (December 20, 2021). "Javier Bardem Again Defends Woody Allen, Calls Allegations 'Just Gossip' Until 'Legally Proven'". People. Retrieved February 16, 2023.
  78. ↑ "Léa Seydoux: 'Woody Allen wordt niet altijd correct behandeld'". Knack (in Dutch). September 11, 2018. Retrieved May 10, 2023.
  79. ↑ Pulver, Andrew (31 July 2019). "Samantha Morton: 'no regrets' at working with Woody Allen". The Guardian. Retrieved 3 March 2023.
  80. ↑ Ryzik, Melena; Barnes, Brooks (January 28, 2018). "Can Woody Allen Work in Hollywood Again?". The New York Times. Retrieved February 8, 2018.
  81. ↑ Shoard, Catherine (February 2, 2022). "Wallace Shawn calls backlash against Woody Allen 'a miscarriage of justice'". The Guardian. Retrieved February 16, 2023.
  82. ↑ Pasquini, Maria (January 15, 2019). "Alan Alda Says He Would Work with Woody Allen Again: 'I'm Not Qualified to Judge Him'". People. Retrieved February 16, 2023.
  83. ↑ Smith, Ryan (January 18, 2022). "Gina Gershon Defends Working With Woody Allen—'He's a Genius'". Newsweek. Retrieved February 16, 2023.
  84. ↑ Pulver, Andrew (6 April 2020). "Larry David comes out in support of Woody Allen after reading memoir". The Guardian. Retrieved 21 February 2023.
  85. ↑ Wilstein, Matt (July 15, 2020). "Richard Kind Defends Woody Allen: 'I Just Don't Buy It'". The Daily Beast. Retrieved March 12, 2023.
  86. ↑ Pulver, Andrew (September 4, 2019). "'I love Woody and I believe him': Scarlett Johansson defends Allen". The Guardian.
  87. ↑ Barraclough, Leo (March 11, 2018). "Michael Caine: I Won't Work With Woody Allen Again". Variety. Retrieved March 11, 2018.
  88. ↑ Stolworthy, Jacob (January 23, 2019). "Michael Caine would work with Woody Allen again: 'You can't go on hearsay the whole time'". The Independent.
  89. ↑ Satoodeh, Ramin (April 18, 2014). "Bryan Singer Allegations Part of Upcoming Sex Abuse Documentary". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved April 29, 2014.
  90. ↑ Ascher-Walsh, Rebecca (May 2, 1997). "A Clothes Call". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved March 10, 2009.
  91. ↑ Mottram, James (May 2007). "Genre II: School Days;– Election, Rushmore, and Apt Pupil". The Sundance Kids: How the Mavericks Took Back Hollywood. Faber & Faber. pp. 203–244. ISBN 978-0-86547-967-8. p. 223
  92. ↑ "Bryan Singer faces allegations of sexual assault with minors". Business Insider. Associated Press. January 23, 2019.
  93. 1 2 French, Alex; Potter, Maximillian (March 2019). "Bryan Singer's Accusers Speak Out". The Atlantic. Retrieved February 17, 2023.
  94. ↑ Hansen, Holly (May 24, 2014). "Names+Faces - Briefly". Detroit Free Press. (Detroit Free Press news services). p. D2. Retrieved August 26, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
  95. ↑ Dillon, Nancy (August 6, 2014). "Bryan Singer accuser seeks to withdraw lawsuit against director". Daily News. New York. Archived from the original on June 12, 2015. Retrieved March 14, 2018.
  96. ↑ Kenneally, Tim (December 8, 2015). "Bryan Singer Accuser Michael Egan Sentenced to 2 Years in Prison Over Fraud Case". TheWrap. Retrieved 2021-04-05.
  97. ↑ Pickert, Kate (May 5, 2014). "What The Bryan Singer Scandal Says About Hollywood". Time. Archived from the original on December 7, 2017. Retrieved March 14, 2018.
  98. ↑ Paunescu, Delia (May 4, 2014). "New Sexual-Abuse Lawsuit Filed Against Singer". Vulture. Retrieved May 26, 2014.
  99. ↑ "'X-Men' director Bryan Singer dropped from sex abuse case brought by British actor". Daily News. New York. Retrieved January 13, 2015.
  100. ↑ Casaus, Sara (June 29, 2020). "'An Open Secret' shines a light on Bryan Singer and his abuse". Film Daily. Retrieved February 17, 2023.
  101. ↑ "Bryan Singer Sex Abuse Suit: Bret Easton Ellis Says He Dated Two People Who 'Went Through World of Underage Parties' (Audio)". The Hollywood Reporter. April 29, 2014.
  102. ↑ "Bryan Singer: Director denies raping 17-year-old boy". BBC. December 8, 2017. Retrieved January 28, 2018.
  103. ↑ Hipes, Patrick (December 8, 2017). "USC Dropping Bryan Singer's Name From Film School". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved January 28, 2018.
  104. ↑ "Jeffrey Jones speaks out on porn charges". Entertainment Weekly. November 22, 2002. Retrieved February 8, 2018.
  105. ↑ "California Registered Sex Offender Profile - Victor Salva". Megan's Law - California Sex Offender Registry. Retrieved February 8, 2018.
  106. ↑ Spencer, Katie (November 7, 2017). "Former child actors reveal sexual abuse in Hollywood". Sky News. Archived from the original on November 3, 2017. Retrieved April 21, 2021.
  107. ↑ Geddes, Ashley; Huncar, Andrea (April 6, 2017). "Brazilian model accuses Edmonton Oilers owner of offering money for sex". CBC.ca. Archived from the original on April 7, 2017. Retrieved April 19, 2021.
  108. ↑ Richardson, Valerie (October 26, 2017). "Hollywood child sex abuse in focus". The Washington Times. Retrieved January 23, 2019.
  109. ↑ "'Growing Pains' producer sentenced for child porn". Boston.com. March 16, 2010. Retrieved January 23, 2019.
  110. ↑ Chmielewski, Dawn C. (January 8, 2012). "Child sexual abuse cases in Hollywood attract attention". Los Angeles Times. ISSN 0458-3035. Archived from the original on 2012-01-10. Retrieved January 23, 2019.
  111. ↑ Johnson, Scott (April 27, 2016). "Acting Coach Cameron Thor Sentenced to 6 Years Over Sexual Misconduct With 13-Year-Old". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved April 7, 2021.
  112. ↑ Sneider, Jeff (June 25, 2020). "Exclusive: 'Jurassic World: Dominion' Adds Campbell Scott as Key Character from Original Movie". Collider. Archived from the original on June 26, 2020. Retrieved April 7, 2021.
  113. ↑ Kaufman, Amy (March 10, 2020). "Inside Corey Feldman's wild screening of his sexual abuse film as it went off the rails". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved March 16, 2020.
  114. ↑ Sorace, Stephen (March 8, 2020). "Corey Feldman to expose names of Hollywood players who allegedly molested him as a teen in new doc". Fox News. Retrieved March 16, 2020.
  115. 1 2 "Corey Feldman contra el mundo" [Corey Feldman against the world]. El País (in Spanish). December 21, 2017. Retrieved February 8, 2018.
  116. ↑ "Friends in High Places: Bryan Singer and the Hollywood Elite Flocking to his Parties". LiveJournal. 31 October 2017.
  117. ↑ Chmielewski, Dawn C. (January 8, 2012). "Child sexual abuse cases in Hollywood attract attention". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on January 10, 2012. Retrieved February 8, 2018.
  118. ↑ "A Timeline of Child Abuse in Hollywood". Complex. May 25, 2016. Retrieved February 8, 2018.
  119. ↑ Boboltz, Sara; Schulberg, Jessica (September 28, 2019). "'The Fast And The Furious' Director Rob Cohen Accused Of Sexual Assault". Huffington Post. Retrieved April 21, 2021.
  120. ↑ Vivarelli, Nick (January 24, 2021). "Asia Argento Accuses 'Fast And The Furious' Director Rob Cohen of Sexual Assault". Variety. Retrieved April 21, 2021.
  121. ↑ Severson, Kim (August 19, 2018). "Asia Argento, Who Accused Weinstein, Made Deal With Her Own Accuser". The New York Times. Retrieved April 21, 2021.
  122. ↑ Slingerland, Calum (August 27, 2018). "Asia Argento Dropped from 'X Factor Italy' After Sexual Misconduct Allegations". Exclaim!. Retrieved April 21, 2021.
  123. ↑ Wilkinson, Alissa (October 12, 2016). "Sin, cinema, and Nate Parker: the complicated case of The Birth of a Nation". Vox. Retrieved February 17, 2023.
  124. ↑ "Casey Affleck habla sobre las acusaciones de acoso sexual contra él" [Casey Affleck talks about allegations of sexual harassment against him]. El País (in Spanish). March 1, 2017. Retrieved February 8, 2018.
  125. ↑ Child, Ben (September 15, 2010). "Casey Affleck settles sexual harassment lawsuits". The Guardian. Retrieved February 17, 2023.
  126. ↑ "Brie Larson Says Not Clapping for Casey Affleck at the Oscars "Speaks for Itself"". Vanity Fair. March 9, 2017. Retrieved February 8, 2018.
  127. ↑ "Casey Affleck Breaks Tradition, Will Not Present Best-Actress Award at the Oscars". Vanity Fair. January 25, 2018. Retrieved February 8, 2018.
  128. ↑ Petersen, Anne Helen (July 12, 2015). "Clark Gable Accused Of Raping Co-Star". BuzzFeed. Retrieved 2021-04-07.
  129. ↑ VanHoose, Benjamin (November 15, 2021). "Tippi Hedren's Alfred Hitchcock Abuse Allegations — Learn More After Dakota Johnson Resurfaces Claims". People. Retrieved February 17, 2023.
  130. ↑ "Tippi Hedren acusa a Alfred Hitchcock de acoso sexual" [Tippi Hedren accuses Alfred Hitchcock of sexual harassment]. El País (in Spanish). October 31, 2016. Retrieved February 8, 2018.
  131. ↑ Izadi, Elahe (December 5, 2016). "Why the 'Last Tango in Paris' rape scene is generating such an outcry now". The Washington Post. Retrieved February 8, 2018.
  132. ↑ Vivarelli, Nick (December 5, 2016). "Bernardo Bertolucci Responds to 'Last Tango in Paris' Backlash Over Rape Scene". Variety. Retrieved February 8, 2018.
  133. ↑ Williams, Janice (October 30, 2017). "Harvey Weinstein Accusers: Over 80 Women Now Claim Producer Sexually Assaulted or Harassed Them". Newsweek. Retrieved February 8, 2018.
  134. ↑ Wagmeister, Elizabeth (November 8, 2022). "Model Ambra Battilana Gutierrez, Who Was at the Center of Harvey Weinstein NYPD Sting Operation in 2015, Gets Her Day in Court". Variety. Retrieved February 17, 2023.
  135. ↑ "El escalofriante audio de Harvey Weinstein acosando a una actriz" [The chilling audio of Harvey Weinstein harassing an actress]. Infobae (in Spanish). 11 October 2017. Retrieved February 8, 2018.
  136. 1 2 Argento, Asia; et al. "List". Google Docs. Retrieved February 8, 2018.
  137. ↑ Ransom, Jan (11 March 2020). "Harvey Weinstein's Stunning Downfall: 23 Years in Prison". The New York Times.
  138. ↑ Sisak, Michael (24 February 2020). "Harvey Weinstein found guilty in landmark #metoo movement". Associated Press. Retrieved March 24, 2020.
  139. ↑ Day, Nate (February 24, 2020). "Harvey Weinstein's attorneys surprised by verdict: Evidence 'didn't support a guilty finding on any counts'". Fox News. Retrieved March 25, 2020.
  140. ↑ Felman, Kate (October 29, 2017). "Anthony Rapp accuses Kevin Spacey of trying to seduce him when he was 14". New York Daily News. Retrieved October 29, 2017.
  141. ↑ Nordyke, Kimberly (October 29, 2017). "'Star Trek' star claims Kevin Spacey made a pass at him at age 14; Spacey apologizes, comes out as gay". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved October 30, 2017.
  142. 1 2 "Kevin Spacey se declara gay: La estrella se disculpa con el actor Anthony Rapp, que le acusa de haberle acosado cuando tenía 14 años" [Kevin Spacey declares himself gay: The star apologizes to actor Anthony Rapp, who accuses him of harassing him when he was 14]. El País (in Spanish). October 30, 2017. Retrieved February 8, 2018.
  143. ↑ Respers France, Lisa (October 30, 2017). "Kevin Spacey criticized for how he came out". CNN. Retrieved November 2, 2017.
  144. ↑ Kennedy, Mark (October 30, 2017). "'House of Cards' canceled as fallout continues for Spacey". St. Paul Pioneer Press. Archived from the original on November 2, 2017. Retrieved October 31, 2017 – via Associated Press.
  145. ↑ Victor, Daniel (October 30, 2017). "Kevin Spacey criticized for using apology to Anthony Rapp to come out". The New York Times. Archived from the original on November 3, 2017. Retrieved November 2, 2017.
  146. ↑ Puente, Maria (November 10, 2017). "Kevin Spacey scandal: A complete list of the 15 accusers". USA Today. Retrieved November 13, 2017.
  147. ↑ Champion, Matt (November 2, 2017). "More Men Have Come Forward With Sexual Harassment Claims Against Kevin Spacey". BuzzFeed.
  148. ↑ "Actor mexicano acusa a Kevin Spacey" [Mexican actor accuses Kevin Spacey]. El País (in Spanish). November 2, 2017. Retrieved February 8, 2018.
  149. ↑ "Kevin Spacey: Netflix severs ties amid sex assault allegations". BBC News. November 4, 2017. Retrieved April 7, 2021.
  150. ↑ "Trabajadores de 'House of Cards' acusan a Kevin Spacey de abusos sexuales" [Workers of 'House of Cards' accuse Kevin Spacey of sexual abuse]. El Mundo (in Spanish). November 3, 2017. Retrieved February 8, 2018.
  151. ↑ Oldham, Stuart (November 3, 2017). "Kevin Spacey Fired from 'House of Cards'". Variety. Retrieved February 8, 2018.
  152. ↑ Framke, Caroline (November 10, 2017). "The sexual harassment allegations against Louis C.K., explained". Vox. Retrieved February 17, 2023.
  153. ↑ Kaufman, Amy; Miller, Daniel (November 1, 2017). "Six women accuse filmmaker Brett Ratner of sexual harassment or misconduct". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved February 17, 2023.
  154. ↑ Whipp, Glenn (October 23, 2017). "200 more women share their James Toback stories after 38 accuse director of sexual harassment". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved February 17, 2023.
  155. 1 2 Zeitchik, Steven (December 5, 2017). "John Oliver grills Dustin Hoffman about sexual harassment allegations". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on December 12, 2017. Retrieved February 8, 2018.
  156. ↑ Rottenberg, Josh. "Dustin Hoffman apologizes after allegations that he sexually harassed a 17-year-old intern in 1985". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved February 8, 2018.
  157. ↑ "Five new accounts of sexual misconduct hit Dustin Hoffman". USA Today. December 14, 2017. Retrieved February 8, 2018.
  158. ↑ Withers, Rachel. "'I Wanted to Choose Truth Over Shame': Three Dustin Hoffman Accusers Speak to NBC News About Their Allegations". Slate. Retrieved February 8, 2018.
  159. ↑ Yuan, Jessica (November 10, 2017). "L.A. Writer Says Richard Dreyfuss Sexually Harassed and Exposed Himself to Her in the 1980s". Vulture. Retrieved February 17, 2023.
  160. ↑ Chan, Melissa (September 14, 2017). "Amber Tamblyn Is Calling Out James Woods as a 'Predator.' Here's What to Know". Time. Retrieved February 17, 2023.
  161. ↑ Abramovitch, Seth (May 7, 2018). "'Lines Got Blurred': Jeffrey Tambor and an Up-Close Look at Harassment Claims on 'Transparent'". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved February 17, 2023.
  162. ↑ "Cinco mujeres acusan a James Franco por comportamiento sexual indebido" [Five women accuse James Franco of sexual misconduct]. El Mundo (in Spanish). January 11, 2018. Retrieved February 8, 2018.
  163. ↑ Blair, Elizabeth; Robbins, Ted; Gregory, Nina (October 3, 2019). "James Franco Sued By Former Students For Alleged Sexual Exploitation And Fraud". NPR. Retrieved February 21, 2023.
  164. ↑ Zacharek, Stephanie; Dockterman, Eliana; Edwards, Haley Sweetland. "Time Person of the Year 2017: The Silence Breakers". Time. Archived from the original on December 6, 2017. Retrieved February 8, 2018.
  165. ↑ Slane, Kevin (October 12, 2017). "Weinstein scandal, the Ben Affleck allegations, and how Matt Damon fits in". Boston.com. Retrieved February 17, 2023.
  166. ↑ "Matt Damon, criticado por unos comentarios polémicos sobre el abuso sexual en Hollywood" [Matt Damon, criticized for controversial comments about sexual abuse in Hollywood]. Fotogramas (in Spanish). December 17, 2017. Retrieved February 8, 2018.
  167. ↑ Sharf, Zack (October 8, 2018). "Rose McGowan Says It's 'Literally Impossible' Meryl Streep Didn't Know About Harvey Weinstein's Predatory Behavior". Retrieved February 17, 2023.
  168. ↑ ""Ella sabía": el ataque contra Meryl Streep. La actriz responde" ["She knew": The attack against Meryl Streep. The actress answers.]. Cine Premiere (in Spanish). December 22, 2017. Retrieved February 8, 2018.
  169. ↑ "The Rock Confirms Men Will Join Women's Harassment Protest at Golden Globes by Wearing Black". People. December 27, 2017. Retrieved February 17, 2023.
  170. ↑ "Seal acusa a Oprah Winfrey de saber lo que estaba haciendo Harvey Weinstein" [Seal accuses Oprah Winfrey of knowing what Harvey Weinstein was doing]. El Mundo (in Spanish). January 11, 2018. Retrieved February 8, 2018.
  171. ↑ Chuba, Kirsten (January 11, 2018). "Seal Accuses Oprah of Knowing About Harvey Weinstein's Sexual Misconduct". Variety. Retrieved February 17, 2023.
  172. ↑ "Liam Neeson, sobre los abusos sexuales en Hollywood: "Se está convirtiendo en una caza de brujas"" [Liam Neeson, on sexual abuse in Hollywood: "It's becoming a witch hunt"]. Europa Press (in Spanish). January 15, 2018. Retrieved February 8, 2018.
  173. ↑ Nordine, Michael (January 13, 2018). "Liam Neeson Fears the #MeToo Movement Is Becoming a 'Witch Hunt'". Indiewire. Retrieved February 17, 2023.
  174. ↑ Sharf, Zack (September 17, 2018). "Sean Penn Criticizes #MeToo Movement for Dividing Men and Women, Being 'Too Black and White'". Indiewire. Retrieved February 21, 2023.
  175. ↑ "Brigitte Bardot llama 'hipócritas' las denuncias por acoso de actrices" [Brigitte Bardot calls 'hypocrites' allegations of harassment of actresses]. Milenio (in Spanish). January 17, 2018. Retrieved February 8, 2018.
  176. ↑ Nyren, Erin (January 17, 2018). "Brigitte Bardot Slams #MeToo Movement As 'Hypocritical, Ridiculous'". Variety. Retrieved February 17, 2023.
  177. ↑ Britzky, Haley (October 14, 2017). "The hints of Weinstein's behavior that went ignored". Axios. Archived from the original on October 15, 2017. Retrieved February 8, 2018.
  178. ↑ Hibberd, James (January 10, 2016). "Ricky Gervais meanest Golden Globes jokes 2016". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved February 8, 2018.
  179. ↑ Read, Bridget (January 7, 2018). "Seth Meyers Takes Aim at Trump, Kevin Spacey, Harvey Weinstein, and Woody Allen in His Opening Monologue". Vogue. Retrieved February 17, 2023.
  180. 1 2 3 4 Seoane, Loreto Sánchez (November 5, 2017). "El lado oscuro de Hollywood: abusos sexuales, poder, impunidad y dependencia" [The dark side of Hollywood: sexual abuse, power, impunity and dependency]. El Independiente (in Spanish). Retrieved February 8, 2018.
  181. ↑ Canto, Jesús; Martín, Macarena Vallejo; Novas, Fabiola Perles; San Martín, Jesús (July 2020). "The Influence of Ideological Variables in the Denial of Violence Against Women: The Role of Sexism and Social Dominance Orientation in the Spanish Context". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. Basel, Switzerland: MDPI. 17 (4): 4934. doi:10.3390/ijerph17144934. PMC 7399873. PMID 32650598.
  182. ↑ Sazola, Manuela (October 26, 2017). "¿Tiene la adicción al sexo algo que ver con ser un acosador?" [Does sex addiction have anything to do with being a harasser?]. La Vanguardia (in Spanish). Retrieved February 8, 2018.
  183. ↑ Puente, Maria (November 7, 2017). "Weinstein, Spacey scandals prompt questions about treatment for sex addiction, criminal behavior". USA Today. Retrieved February 21, 2023.
  184. 1 2 "Abusos sexuales" [Sexual abuse]. Institute of Sexology of Barcelona (in Spanish). Retrieved February 8, 2018.
  185. ↑ Buchhandler-Raphael, Michal (May 2010). "Sexual Abuse of Power". University of Florida Journal of Law & Public Policy. Gainesville, Florida: University of Florida Levin College of Law. 21: 77.
  186. ↑ Weiss, Karen (2002). "Authority as Coercion: When Authority Figures Abuse Their Positions to Perpetrate Child Sexual Abuse". Journal of Child Sexual Abuse. New York City: Routledge. 11 (1): 27–51. doi:10.1300/J070v11n01_02. PMID 16221632. S2CID 31738699.
  187. ↑ "¿Por qué callan las mujeres víctimas de abuso sexual?" [Why are women victims of sexual abuse silent?]. El País (in Spanish). January 25, 2018. Retrieved February 8, 2018.
  188. ↑ O'Connor, Roisin (November 3, 2017). "An Open Secret: How to watch the child abuse documentary Hollywood 'doesn't want you to see'?". The Independent. Retrieved February 8, 2018.
  189. ↑ Fahrenthold, David A. (October 7, 2016). "Trump recorded having extremely lewd conversation about women in 2005". The Washington Post. Retrieved February 8, 2018.
  190. ↑ ""Nadie respeta a las mujeres más que yo": las respuestas en Twitter a esta frase de Trump" ["Nobody respects women more than me": Twitter responses to this phrase from Trump]. El País (in Spanish). October 20, 2016. Retrieved February 8, 2018.
  191. ↑ Blake, Aaron (March 8, 2017). "21 times Donald Trump has assured us he respects women". The Washington Post. Retrieved February 17, 2023.
  192. ↑ "Un video muestra 16 acusaciones contra Trump de abuso sexual" [A video shows 16 accusations of sexual abuse against Trump]. Expansión (in Spanish). November 24, 2017. Retrieved February 8, 2018.
  193. ↑ Watkins, Eli (October 10, 2017). "Hillary Clinton, Obamas condemn longtime Democratic donor Harvey Weinstein". CNN. Retrieved February 8, 2018.
  194. ↑ Blackwood, Emily (August 2, 2018). "Who Is Isaac Kappy? New Details About The Actor Who Assaulted Paris Jackson And Accused Seth Green Of Being A Pedophile". Yahoo!. Retrieved February 25, 2021.
  195. ↑ "Teoria da conspiração acusa Tom Hanks de ser pedófilo". R7.com (in Brazilian Portuguese). 2018-08-08. Retrieved February 25, 2021.
  196. ↑ Holmes, Helen (August 6, 2018). "Isaac Kappy, Who Appeared on 'Vanderpump Rules,' Is a Conspiracy Theory Shill". The Observer. Retrieved February 5, 2021.
  197. ↑ "Paris Jackson & Seth Green Alleged Victims of Actor Threatening Shootout With Cops". TMZ. August 1, 2018. Retrieved February 21, 2023.
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.