Academy Award for Best Director
The 2022 recipients: Daniel Kwan & Daniel Scheinert
Awarded for	Excellence in Cinematic Direction Achievement
Country	United States
Presented by	Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS)
First awarded	(1929) Frank Borzage, 7th Heaven (Dramatic Picture) Lewis Milestone, Two Arabian Knights (Comedy Picture)
Most recent winner	(2023) Daniel Kwan & Daniel Scheinert, Everything Everywhere All at Once
Most awards	John Ford (4)
Most nominations	William Wyler (12)
Website	oscars.org

The Academy Award for Best Director (officially known as the Academy Award of Merit for Directing) is an award presented annually by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). It is given in honor of a film director who has exhibited outstanding directing while working in the film industry.

The 1st Academy Awards ceremony was held in 1929 with the award being split into "Dramatic" and "Comedy" categories; Frank Borzage and Lewis Milestone won for 7th Heaven and Two Arabian Knights, respectively.^[1] However, these categories were merged for all subsequent ceremonies.^[2] Nominees are determined by single transferable vote within the directors branch of AMPAS; winners are selected by a plurality vote from the entire eligible voting members of the academy.^[3][4][5]

For the first eleven years of the Academy Awards, directors were allowed to be nominated for multiple films in the same year. However, after the nomination of Michael Curtiz for two films, Angels with Dirty Faces and Four Daughters, at the 11th Academy Awards, the rules were revised so that an individual could only be nominated for one film at each ceremony.^[6] That rule has since been amended, although the only director who has received multiple nominations in the same year was Steven Soderbergh for Erin Brockovich and Traffic in 2000, winning the award for the latter. The Academy Awards for Best Director and Best Picture have been very closely linked throughout their history. Of the 89 films that won Best Picture and were also nominated for Best Director, 68 won the award.^[7][8]

Since its inception, the award has been given to 74 directors or directing teams. As of the 2023 ceremony, American filmmaking duo Daniel Kwan and Daniel Scheinert are the most recent winner in this category for their work on Everything Everywhere All at Once and the third duo to win after Robert Wise & Jerome Robbins (West Side Story) and the Coen brothers (No Country for Old Men).

Winners and nominees

In the following table, the years are listed as per Academy convention, and generally correspond to the year of film release in Los Angeles County, California; the ceremonies are always held the following year.^[9] For the first five ceremonies, the eligibility period spanned twelve months from August 1 to July 31.^[10] For the 6th ceremony held in 1934, the eligibility period lasted from August 1, 1932, to December 31, 1933.^[10] Since the 7th ceremony held in 1935, the period of eligibility became the full previous calendar year from January 1 to December 31.^[10]

Frank Borzage won twice: "Dramatic director" at the first ceremony, for 7th Heaven (1927); & later, Bad Girl (1931).

Lewis Milestone won twice: "Comedy director" at the first ceremony, for Two Arabian Knights (1927); & later, All Quiet on the Western Front (1930).

Frank Lloyd won twice, for The Divine Lady (1929) & Cavalcade (1933).

Frank Capra won thrice, for It Happened One Night (1934), Mr. Deeds Goes to Town (1936), & You Can't Take It with You (1938).

John Ford won a record four times, for: The Informer (1935), The Grapes of Wrath (1940), How Green Was My Valley (1941), & The Quiet Man (1952).

Leo McCarey won twice, for The Awful Truth (1937) & Going My Way (1944).

Victor Fleming won for Gone with the Wind (1939).

William Wyler, with a record twelve nominations, won thrice, for: Mrs. Miniver (1942), The Best Years of Our Lives (1946), & Ben-Hur (1959).

Michael Curtiz won for Casablanca (1942).

Billy Wilder (right, with Gloria Swanson) won twice, for The Lost Weekend (1945) & The Apartment (1960).

Elia Kazan won twice, for Gentleman's Agreement (1947) & On the Waterfront (1954).

John Huston won for The Treasure of the Sierra Madre (1948).

Joseph L. Mankiewicz won twice consecutively, for A Letter to Three Wives (1949) & All About Eve (1950).

George Stevens won twice, for A Place in the Sun (1951) & Giant (1956).

Fred Zinnemann won twice, for From Here to Eternity (1953) & A Man for All Seasons (1966).

David Lean won twice, for The Bridge on the River Kwai (1957) & Lawrence of Arabia (1962).

Vincente Minnelli won for Gigi (1958).

Robert Wise won twice: jointly with Jerome Robbins (an Oscars first) for West Side Story (1961) & solo for The Sound of Music (1965).

George Cukor won for My Fair Lady (1964).

Mike Nichols won for The Graduate (1967).

Carol Reed won for Oliver! (1968).

Franklin J. Schaffner won for Patton (1970).

William Friedkin won for The French Connection (1971).

Bob Fosse won for Cabaret (1972).

Francis Ford Coppola won for The Godfather Part II (1974).

Miloš Forman won twice, for One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest (1975) & Amadeus (1984).

Woody Allen won for Annie Hall (1977).

Robert Redford won for Ordinary People (1980).

Warren Beatty won for Reds (1981).

Richard Attenborough won for Gandhi (1982).

Sydney Pollack won for Out of Africa (1985).

Oliver Stone won twice, for Platoon (1986) & Born on the Fourth of July (1989).

Bernardo Bertolucci won for The Last Emperor (1987).

Barry Levinson won for Rain Man (1988).

Kevin Costner won for Dances with Wolves (1990).

Jonathan Demme won for The Silence of the Lambs (1991).

Clint Eastwood won twice, for Unforgiven (1992) & Million Dollar Baby (2004)—latter, at 74, rendered him the oldest winner.

Steven Spielberg won twice, for Schindler's List (1993) & Saving Private Ryan (1998).

Robert Zemeckis won for Forrest Gump (1994).

Mel Gibson won for Braveheart (1995).

James Cameron won for Titanic (1997).

Sam Mendes won for American Beauty (1999).

Steven Soderbergh won for Traffic (2000).

Ron Howard won for A Beautiful Mind (2001).

Roman Polanski won for The Pianist (2002).

Peter Jackson won for The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King (2003).

Ang Lee won twice, for Brokeback Mountain (2005) & Life of Pi (2012); first Asian winner.

Martin Scorsese won for The Departed (2006).

Ethan Coen + Joel Coen (seen respectively) won for No Country for Old Men (2007).

Danny Boyle won for Slumdog Millionaire (2008).

Kathryn Bigelow won for The Hurt Locker (2009); first woman to win.

Alfonso Cuarón won twice, for Gravity (2013) & Roma (2018); first Mexican winner.

Alejandro G. Iñárritu won twice consecutively, for Birdman (2014) & The Revenant (2015).

Damien Chazelle won for La La Land (2016); youngest winner, at age 32.

Guillermo del Toro won for The Shape of Water (2017).

Bong Joon-ho won for Parasite (2019); first to direct a foreign-language (Korean) winner for Best Picture.

Chloé Zhao won for Nomadland (2020); first woman of color to win.

Jane Campion won for The Power of the Dog (2021); first woman to be nominated twice.

Multiple wins and nominations

Age superlatives

Diversity of nominees/winners

Since its inception, there have been 467 nominations for the award and it has been given to 74 directors or directing teams.

• Six black directors have been nominated:
  • (John Singleton, Lee Daniels, Steve McQueen, Barry Jenkins, Jordan Peele and Spike Lee) a total of six times in this category. No black director has won the award, but McQueen and Jenkins were nominated for films that won Best Picture.^[109]
• Seven female directors have been nominated:
  • (Lina Wertmüller, Jane Campion, Sofia Coppola, Kathryn Bigelow, Greta Gerwig, Emerald Fennell and Chloé Zhao) a total of eight times in the category, and three have won the award.^[110]
• Nine Asian directors have been nominated:
  • (Hiroshi Teshigahara, Akira Kurosawa, M. Night Shyamalan, Ang Lee, Bong Joon-ho, Lee Isaac Chung, Chloé Zhao, Ryusuke Hamaguchi and Daniel Kwan) a total of eleven times in the category, with five wins total.^[111]
• Five Latin American directors have been nominated:
  • (Héctor Babenco, Fernando Meirelles, Alejandro González Iñárritu, Alfonso Cuarón and Guillermo del Toro) a total of eight times in the category, with five wins total.^[112]

Records

• John Ford has received the most awards in this category with four.
• William Wyler was nominated on twelve occasions, more than any other individual, including a record four times in a row.
• Clarence Brown received the most nominations without a win with six.
• Damien Chazelle became the youngest director in history to receive this award, at the age of 32 for his work on La La Land.
• John Singleton became the youngest and first black director to be nominated for this award, at age 24 for his work on Boyz n the Hood.
• Three directing teams have shared the award; Robert Wise and Jerome Robbins for West Side Story in 1961, Joel and Ethan Coen for No Country for Old Men in 2007, and Daniel Kwan and Daniel Scheinert for Everything Everywhere All at Once in 2022.
• Only five times in Academy Award history have director-collaborators been nominated for award: Robert Wise and Jerome Robbins for West Side Story (1961), Warren Beatty and Buck Henry for Heaven Can Wait (1978), Joel and Ethan Coen for No Country for Old Men (2007) and True Grit (2010), and Daniel Kwan and Daniel Scheinert for Everything Everywhere All at Once (2022).
• Only six times in Academy Award history did directors win the award for their feature film debut: Delbert Mann for Marty (1955), Jerome Robbins for West Side Story (1961), Robert Redford for Ordinary People (1980), James L. Brooks for Terms of Endearment (1983), Kevin Costner for Dances with Wolves and Sam Mendes for American Beauty (1999).
• Jerome Robbins is the only winner in this category that only directed one feature film his entire life.
• The Coen Brothers are the only siblings to have won the award.^[113]
• Kathryn Bigelow is the first woman to have won the award for The Hurt Locker.
• Francis Ford Coppola for The Godfather Trilogy is the only director to be nominated for each film of a trilogy, winning one for the sequel.
• John Ford (1940–1941), Joseph L. Mankiewicz (1949–1950), and Alejandro González Iñárritu (2014–2015) are the only three directors to have won two years consecutively for this category.
• Ang Lee is the first Asian director to have won the award for Brokeback Mountain. He won again for Life of Pi.
• Alfonso Cuarón became the first Mexican director (and Latin American) to have won the award for Gravity. He won again for Roma.
• Chloé Zhao became the first woman of color to have won the award for Nomadland.

Notes

See also

• BAFTA Award for Best Direction
• Critics' Choice Movie Award for Best Director
• Directors Guild of America Award for Outstanding Directing – Feature Film
• Golden Globe Award for Best Director
• Independent Spirit Award for Best Director

References

Bibliography

External links

• Oscars.org (official Academy site)
• The Academy Awards Database (official site)
• Oscar.com (official ceremony promotional site)