Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission

In 1969, Khan returned to his native country, Pakistan, with doctorate in optical physics but found research interests in the applications of nuclear physics when he found employment with the Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission (PAEC).^[5] Khan was instrumental figure in establishing the Laser Group in 1969, serving its first founding director until 1981.^[5] In December 1971, he met with Munir Ahmad Khan, a reactor physicist, and later attending the conference that was instrumental in decision-making process of developing nuclear weapons program in January 1972.^[10]

His career mostly spent at the Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology, a national laboratory site, where his earlier work was focused towards designing and building the Laser rangefinder for the Pakistan Army in 1970s, building several prototypes for the military.^: 6 [11] After India's nuclear test in 1974, Khan's interest built in weapon-grade enrichment of U²³⁸ and was of the view of employing a complex laser-based isotope separation as opposed to relatively easier gaseous centrifuges which was being favored by Bashiruddin Mehmood at that time.^{: 139–141 [12]} Despite his expertise and advocacy, the program went in favor of employing the gaseous centrifuges method initially under Bashiruddin Mehmood in 1974 but later went to qualified scientist, Dr. Abdul Qadeer Khan in 1976.^{: 141–143 [12]} Nonetheless, Khan continued working on laser-based isotope separation with support provided by Munir Ahmad Khan and later used his expertise in laser-based atomic isotope separation of Pu²³⁹ in successive years– an interest in his research that he remained passioned throughout his career.^{[5]: 191–200 [12][13]}

In 1981, Khan went to established Optics Laboratory within the Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology in Nilore, of which, he served its first director.^[10] In 1990, Khan was at a center of controversy when his laser rangefinder program caught between the rivalry with the Khan Research Laboratories (KRL) in Kahuta.^[10] The MoD awarded a contract to conduct preliminary studies in laser rangefinders for the Pakistani military and a prototype was successfully performed alongside British, American, Russian and Chinese LRF programs.^[10] The federal contract and the funding was later directed to KRL in Kahuta as a preference, and there was a story published in the Pakistan Observer in 1990–91.^[10] In 1998, Khan became the chief scientist at the PAEC, and participated with his optics team in eye-witnessing the nuclear testings in Balochistan in Pakistan.^[5]

Public service and government work

In 2005, Khan retired from the Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission as chief scientist and joined the Planning Commission as a consultant, attaching to the Ministry of Industry (MoInd).^[13][14][15] Khan provided the strong advocacy for the Vision 2030 program of which he was its director— the Vision 2030 was a policy measure program that aimed towards defining a preferred future for Pakistan from several possible futures.^[16][14]

In 2009, Khan left the planning commission and affiliated with the Pakistan Institute of Development Economics (PIDC) till 2010 when he accepted an advisory position at the Ministry of Industry in 2010.^[13] During this time, Khan served on the board of directors of the Heavy Mechanical Complex and later served as the chairman of the Rhodes Selection Committee.^[13] In 2014, he joined the COMSTECH as its chief coordinator till 2020.^[6]

Academia and public advocacy

In 2007, Khan joined the Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering and Technology and briefly taught courses on physics before becoming its rector in 2008 till 2009.^[5] He later instructed courses on physics at the University of Sialkot and later became the university's technical adviser on building up the research engineering programs at the university.^[5] In 2014, he joined the faculty of science at the Comsats University in Islamabad and was later elevated its chief coordinator.^[6] In 1969, Khan authored a textbook on Lasers, titled: The Laser Triggered Spark gap, which is roughly based on his doctoral thesis, as well authoring a college textbook, "Optics" for graduates in physics and engineering in 1998.^[17]

At the public circles, Khan is known for his strong public advocacy for science education, and is a member on a platform of Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf (PTI) since 2012.^[3]

Awards and honors

• National Talent Scholar, (1959–61)
• Gold Medal from the Punjab University (1961)
• Best All-Round Student, Gordon College (1961)
• An elected Rhodes Scholar, Oxford University (1962)
• Pride of Performance (1993)
• Technology Gold Medal from Pakistan Academy of Sciences (1993)

Bibliography

• Khan, Shaukat Hameed, The laser triggered spark gap (Second Edition) (1969), University of Oxford Press^[17]
• Khan, Shaukat Hameed, Optics (1998), University of Punjab Press.^[17]