An American banknote (one dollar bill) that has several signatures on it.
General Hoyt Vandenberg's $1 short snorter

A short snorter is a banknote inscribed by people traveling together on an aircraft. The tradition was started by Alaskan bush flyers in the 1920s and spread through the military and commercial aviation.[1][2] During World War II short snorters were signed by flight crews and conveyed good luck to soldiers crossing the Atlantic.[3] Friends would take the local currency and sign each other's bills creating a "keepsake of your buddy's signatures".[4]

The General Hoyt Vandenberg short snorter was started in June 1942 flight over the mid-Atlantic. The Harry Hopkins short snorter was collected on July 25, 1942, by an aide of Franklin D. Roosevelt at a London Conference. The D. Ray Comish short snorter was collected January 1943 at the Casablanca Conference by Dixie Clipper. The Averell Harriman short snorter was collected by him at the January 1943 Casablanca Conference as well. The General George S. Patton snorter signatures were also collected at the Casablanca Conference. The Yalta short snorter signatures were collected on February 4–11, 1945 by Steve Early at Yalta, on the Crimean Peninsula.

Etymology

Merriam-Webster defines a short snorter as either "a member of an informal club for which a pilot, crew member, or passenger who has made a transoceanic flight is eligible"; or "a piece of paper money (as a dollar bill) endorsed by short snorters as a membership certificate for a new member."[5] "Snort" is slang for a "mixed drink,"[6] and "short" specifies less than a full measure.[7][8]

According to a November 2002 article in The Numismatist, "About 100 years ago, a 'short snort' was a slang expression for less than a full shot of liquor. Pouring short snorts guaranteed barkeepers a little extra profit in each bottle. Also, drinking only a short snort allowed the imbiber to honestly point to his moderation. Years before federal aviation regulations, pilots discovered that alcohol and airplanes do not mix, and fly-boys who drank heavily did not live long. Soon, pilots jokingly were calling each other 'short snorter'."[9]

History

The tradition is believed to have been started in August 1925, by Bush pilots in Alaska, United States,[7] spreading through the United States military during World War II. When the short snorter was signed, the collector would have to produce it upon request, if not, they are bound to give the signer a drink.[1][7] Short snorters sell on eBay and at other auction venues.

During World War II reunions, short snorters were often compared by veterans. John McGarry, executive director of the Lakeshore Museum Center in Muskegon, Michigan, said that every short snorter is "unique because every soldier's story is different."[10][11]

The Short Snorter Project

In March 2009, Thomas Sparks founded The Short Snorter Project, an American 501(c)3 tax-exempt nonprofit organized and registered in Washington "for educational purposes" pertaining to short snorters.[12] One aspect of the Project's mission is "to illuminate the Short Snorter and those associated with the tradition and provide a means to educate the general public about these artifacts brought home from the war."[13]

Notable short snorters

General Hoyt Vandenberg short snorter

Collector Date Location Ref
General Hoyt Vandenberg June 1942 Over the mid-Atlantic. [1]

Harry Hopkins short snorter

Collector Date Location Ref
Aide of Franklin D. Roosevelt July 25, 1942 London Conference [1]

D. Ray Comish short snorters

Collector Date Location Ref
Dixie Clipper January 1943 Dixie Clipper flight [1]

Averell Harriman short snorter

Collector Date Location Ref
Averell Harriman January 1943 Casablanca Conference [1]

General George S. Patton short snorter

Collector Date Location Ref
General George S. Patton Unavailable Casablanca Conference [1]

Yalta short snorter

1 Chervonets bank note signed by Franklin D. Roosevelt and his team at the Yalta Conference in February 1945
Collector Date Location Ref
Steve Early February 4–11, 1945 Casablanca Conference [1]

Other short snorters

A 1957-A $1 Silver certificate short snorter flown in 1961 on Freedom 7 by Alan Shepard
A 1957-A $1 Silver certificate short snorter flown in 1961 on Freedom 7 by Alan Shepard
A 1953 $2-bill carried on the 1965 Gemini 3 mission and signed by Gus Grissom and Young
A 1953 $2-bill carried on the 1965 Gemini 3 mission and signed by Gus Grissom and Young
Short Snorter signed by Franklin D. Roosevelt
Collector Date Location Ref
Unavailable November 22, 1943 Tehran Conference [21]

It was signed by Franklin Roosevelt and various key advisors.[21]

A Fiji 5 shilling note is another example of a short snorter owned by Eleanor Roosevelt and signed by Maj. Robert Arnoldus. This same short snorter was later signed by Col. Ed Whitcomb, another of the first class of celestial navigators, class 40-A, taught by Charlie Lunn of Pan Am airlines in Florida. That first class also included celestial navigator 2Lt Louis Gustav Moslener, Jr, one of the first American casualties of WW-II when the first bombs fell on Hickam Field, 7 Dec 1941.

Marlene Dietrich short snorter

The actress Marlene Dietrich had a short snorter consisting of 83 pieces of currency signed by more than 1,000 dignitaries including Irving Berlin, Ernest Hemingway, and George S. Patton.[22] This short snorter was sold at auction for $5,200 on November 7, 2017.[23]

First Experimental Aircraft Association short snorter

The first short snorter in Experimental Aircraft Association (EAA) history was signed by founders Paul Poberezny and Stan Dzik and presented to Robert D. Blacker on February 14, 1958, at St. Rita of Cascia High School in Chicago, in order to commemorate Mr. Blacker's creating the organization's first junior chapter, his co-founding of Project Schoolflight, and his building of both the "Spirit of Cascia" Baby Ace and the EAA Biplane airplanes.[24]

Space-flown snorters

Numismatic souvenirs have accompanied astronauts on early spaceflights.[25] Mercury astronauts carried small light-weight mementos on their missions, often in the form of US coins or banknotes. On the first sub-orbital flight (Mercury-Redstone 3), Alan Shepard carried with him four one-dollar silver certificates which were subsequently signed by him, other Mercury astronauts, and support staff. John Glenn, piloting the first manned U.S. orbital spaceflight Mercury-Atlas 6, also carried several one-dollar silver certificates.

Space-flown numismatic items are also known for early Gemini missions. On the first manned Gemini flight (Gemini 3), Gus Grissom and John Young brought 50 two-dollar bills.[26]

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 "Home Page - What is a Short Snorter?". The Short Snorter Project. Retrieved March 31, 2010.
  2. ↑ "The Short Snorter Project - Meet the Flying Short Snorters". www.shortsnorter.org. Retrieved 2022-12-31.
  3. ↑ Schultz, Jeffrey D.; Li, Luchen (2005). Critical Companion to John Steinbeck: A Literary Reference to His Life and Work. Infobase Publishing. ISBN 978-1-4381-0850-6.
  4. ↑ Famous Short Snorters | History Detectives | PBS
  5. ↑ "short snorter (noun)". Merriam-Webster Unabridged Dictionary. Merriam-Webster, Incorporated. Retrieved 7 October 2013.
  6. ↑ "snort (noun)". Merriam Webster Dictionary. Merriam-Webster, Incorporated. Retrieved 7 October 2013.
  7. 1 2 3 "Investigations - Short Snorter". History Detectives. Retrieved April 3, 2010.
  8. ↑ "short (adjective)". Merriam Webster Dictionary. Merriam-Webster, Incorporated. Retrieved 7 October 2013.
  9. ↑ Marotta, Michael E. (November 2002). "Short Snorters: Keeping the Memories Alive" (PDF). The Numismatist. Retrieved 7 October 2013. Haunted by the specter of war and the uncertainty of their fate, young soldiers, sailors and airmen forged an unbreakable bond, not of steel but of paper money.
  10. ↑ McVicar, Brian (February 22, 2010). "Short snorter' dollar bill is a piece of World War II history -- and mystery". The Muskegon Chronicle.
  11. ↑ Travis, Jordan (March 6, 2010). "World War II 'short snorter' dollar bill owner remains a mystery". The Muskegon Chronicle.
  12. ↑ "THE SHORT SNORTER PROJECT". Corporations Division - Registration Data Search. Washington Secretary of State Corporations Division. 26 March 2009. Retrieved 7 October 2013.
  13. ↑ "Short Snorter Project, The". Charitable Solicitations Program Charity Profile Report. Washington Secretary of State Charities Program. 26 March 2009. Retrieved 7 October 2013.
  14. ↑ "Hoyt Vandenberg Short Snorter". The Short Snorter Project. October 3, 2007. Retrieved March 31, 2010.
  15. ↑ "Harry Hopkins Short Snorter". The Short Snorter Project. August 8, 2007. Retrieved March 31, 2010.
  16. ↑ "Son of That Mother of All Short Snorters" (PDF). The Short Snorter Project. Retrieved March 31, 2010.
  17. ↑ "D. Ray Comish Short Snorters". The Short Snorter Project. September 17, 2007. Retrieved March 31, 2010.
  18. ↑ "Averell Harriman Short Snorter". The Short Snorter Project. October 3, 2007. Retrieved March 31, 2010.
  19. ↑ "Short-Snorter Dollar Bill". U.S. Army Center Of Military History. Retrieved March 31, 2010.
  20. ↑ "Yalta Snorter from the Franklin Roosevelt Presidential Library and Museum". The Short Snorter Project. Retrieved March 31, 2010.
  21. 1 2 "Franklin D. Roosevelt". American Heritage Center, Inc. Retrieved March 31, 2010.
  22. ↑ "Autographs". Swann Auctions. Retrieved 2 September 2017.
  23. ↑ "Lot 46". Swann Auction Galleries. Retrieved 28 March 2018.
  24. ↑ Sparks, Thomas J. (4 September 2020). The Short Snorter Project: Still Keeping the Memories Alive. p. 217. Retrieved 10 October 2022.
  25. ↑ Gibbs 2013, p. 14.
  26. ↑ Gibbs 2013, p. 26.
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