This article contains the family trees of members of the Liu clan, who ruled the state of Shu Han (221-263) in the Three Kingdoms period (220-280) in China. They were related to the House of Liu, the imperial clan of the Han dynasty.
Liu Bei's ancestors
Liu Bei's biography in the Sanguozhi stated that Liu Bei was a descendant of Liu Sheng (Prince of Zhongshan), who was a son of Emperor Jing. Liu Sheng's son was Liu Zhen.[1]
However, the Dianlue claimed that Liu Bei descended from the Marquis of Linyi.[2] Based on historical records in the Han Shu and the Houhanshu, there were two Marquis of Linyi lineages which could be traced to Emperor Jing's sons, hence there were another two lines from which Liu Bei could have possibly descended.[3][4][5][6][7]
The central line in the family tree below shows the Liu Sheng lineage, while the other two show the Marquis of Linyi lineages.
| Liu Qi 劉啟 (Emperor Jing 景帝) | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Liu Fa 劉發 (Prince Ding of Changsha 長沙定王) | Liu Sheng 劉勝 (Prince Jing of Zhongshan 中山靖王) | Liu Shun 劉舜 (Prince Xian of Changshan 常山憲王) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Liu Mai 劉買 (Marquis Jie of Chongling 舂陵節侯) | Liu Zhen 劉貞 (Marquis of Lucheng Ting 陆城亭侯 ) | Liu Ping 劉平 (Prince Qing of Zhending 真定頃王) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Liu Wai 劉外 | Liu Yan 劉偃 (Prince Lie of Zhending 真定烈王) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Liu Hui 劉回 | Liu You 劉由 (Prince Xiao of Zhending 真定孝王) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Liu Qin 劉欽 | Liu Yong 劉雍 (Prince An of Zhending 真定安王) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Liu Yan 劉縯 (Prince Wu of Qi 齊武王) | Liu Pu 劉普 (Prince Gong of Zhending 真定共王) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Liu Xing 劉興 (Prince Jing of Beihai 北海靖王) | Liu Rang 劉讓 (Marquis of Linyi 臨邑侯) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Liu Fu 劉復 (Marquis of Linyi 臨邑侯) | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Liu Taotu 劉騊駼 (Marquis of Linyi 臨邑侯) | |||||||||||||||||||||
Liu Bei
| Liu Xiong 劉雄 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Liu Hong 劉弘 | Liu Zijing 劉子敬 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Wu Yi 吳懿 Ziyuan 子遠 | Empress Mu 穆皇后 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Lady Mi 麋氏 | Mi Zhu 麋竺 Zizhong 子仲 | Mi Fang 麋芳 Zifang 子方 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Lady Gan 甘氏 | Liu Bei 劉備 Xuande 玄德 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Lady Sun 孫氏 | Sun Quan 孫權 Zhongmou 仲謀 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Liu Shan 劉禪 Gongsi 公嗣 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Liu Yong 劉永 Gongshou 公壽 | Daughter (name unknown) | Daughter (name unknown) | Liu Feng1 劉封 | Liu Li 劉理 Fengxiao 奉孝 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Liu Yong's son (name unknown) | Liu Yin 劉胤 | Liu Ji 劉輯 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Liu Xuan 劉玄 | Liu Cheng 劉承 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Liu Bei's father was Liu Hong. Liu Hong's father was Liu Xiong.[8] Liu Bei's uncle was Liu Zijing.[9]
Liu Bei had four wives: Lady Gan, Lady Mi, Lady Sun and Empress Mu. Lady Mi was the younger sister of Mi Zhu and Mi Fang;[10] Lady Sun was Sun Quan's younger sister (see Eastern Wu family trees for details);[11] Empress Mu, née Wu, was Wu Yi's younger sister.[12]
Lady Gan bore Liu Shan.[13][14] Liu Yong and Liu Li were also Liu Bei's sons and were Liu Shan's younger half-brothers. Liu Yong and Liu Li were born to different mothers.[15][16] Liu Bei had two daughters, who were captured by Cao Chun during the Battle of Changban.[17] Liu Feng was Liu Bei's adopted son.[18]
Liu Li had two sons: Liu Yin and Liu Ji. Liu Yin's son was Liu Cheng.[19] Liu Yong's grandson was Liu Xuan.[20]
1Liu Feng was Liu Bei's adopted son.
Liu Shan
| Zhang Fei 張飛 Yide 益德 | Lady Li 李昭儀 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Liu Shan 劉禪 Gongsi 公嗣 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Lady Wang 王貴人 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Empress Jing'ai 敬哀皇后 | Empress Zhang 張皇后 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Liu Xuan 劉璿 Wenheng 文衡 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Liu Yao 劉瑤 | Liu Cong 劉琮 | Liu Zan 劉瓚 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Liu Qian1 劉虔 | Liu Xun 劉恂 | Liu Chen 劉諶 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Liu Shan had four wives: Empress Jing'ai, Empress Zhang, Lady Li[21] and Lady Wang. Empress Jing'ai, née Zhang, was Empress Zhang's elder sister. Both of them were Zhang Fei's daughters.[22][23]
Lady Wang bore Liu Xuan.[24] Liu Shan had another six sons: Liu Yao, Liu Cong, Liu Zan, Liu Chen, Liu Xun and Liu Qian.[20][25] The identities of their mothers were not known.
1Liu Qian's name was recorded as "Liu Qu" (劉璩) in the Shu Shipu.
See also
References
- ↑ (先主姓劉，諱備，字玄德，涿郡涿縣人，漢景帝子中山靖王勝之後也。勝子貞，元狩六年封涿縣陸城亭侯。坐酎金失侯，因家焉。) Sanguozhi vol. 32.
- ↑ (典略曰：備本臨邑侯枝屬也。) Dianlue annotation in Sanguozhi vol. 32.
- ↑ (世祖光武皇帝諱秀，字文叔，南陽蔡陽人，高祖九世之孫也，出自景帝生長沙定王發。發生舂陵節侯買，買生鬱林太守外，外生鉅鹿都尉回，回生南頓令欽，欽生光武。) Houhanshu vol. 1.
- ↑ (齊武王縯字伯升，光武之長兄也。 ... 有二子。建武二年，立長子章為太原王，興為魯王。) Houhanshu vol. 14.
- ↑ (北海靖王興，建武二年封為魯王，嗣光武兄仲。 ... 三十年，封興子復為臨邑侯。 ... 復子騊駼及從兄平望侯毅，並有才學。) Houhanshu vol. 14.
- ↑ (常山憲王舜以孝景中五年立。舜，帝少子，驕淫，數犯禁，上常寬之。三十三年薨，子勃嗣為王。 ... 勃王數月，廢，國除。 ... 其封憲王子平三萬戶，為真定王； ... 子烈王偃嗣，十八年薨。子孝王由嗣，二十二年薨。子安王雍嗣，二十六年薨。子共王普嗣，十五年薨。子陽嗣，王莽時絕。) Han Shu vol. 53.
- ↑ (時真定王劉揚復造作讖記云：「赤九之後，癭揚為主。」 ... 時揚弟臨邑侯讓及從兄細各擁兵萬餘人， ...) Houhanshu vol. 21.
- ↑ (先主祖雄，父弘， ...) Sanguozhi vol. 32.
- ↑ (叔父子敬謂曰：「汝勿妄語，滅吾門也！」) Sanguozhi vol. 32.
- ↑ (先主轉軍廣陵海西，笁於是進妹於先主為夫人， ...) Sanguozhi vol. 38.
- ↑ (權稍畏之，進妹固好。) Sanguozhi vol. 32.
- ↑ (先主穆皇后，陳留人也。兄吳壹， ... 焉時將子瑁自隨，遂為瑁納后。瑁死，后寡居。先主旣定益州，而孫夫人還吳，羣下勸先主聘后， ... 於是納后為夫人。) Sanguozhi vol. 34.
- ↑ (先主甘皇后， ... 隨先主於荊州，產後主。) Sanguozhi vol. 34.
- ↑ (後主諱禪，字公嗣，先主子也。) Sanguozhi vol. 33.
- ↑ (劉永字公壽，先主子，後主庶弟也。) Sanguozhi vol. 34.
- ↑ (劉理字奉孝，亦後主庶弟也，與永異母。) Sanguozhi vol. 34.
- ↑ (從征荊州，追劉備於長坂，獲其二女輜重，收其散卒。) Sanguozhi vol. 9.
- ↑ (劉封者，本羅侯寇氏之子，長沙劉氏之甥也。先主至荊州，以未有繼嗣，養封為子。) Sanguozhi vol. 40.
- ↑ (子哀王胤嗣，十九年卒。子殤王承嗣，二十年卒。 ... 輯，理子也， ...) Sanguozhi vol. 34.
- 1 2 (孫盛蜀世譜曰：璿弟，瑤、琮、瓚、諶、恂、璩六人。蜀敗，諶自殺，餘皆內徙。值永嘉大亂，子孫絕滅。唯永孫玄奔蜀，李雄偽署安樂公以嗣禪後。永和三年討李勢，盛參戎行，見玄於成都也。) Shu Shipu annotation in Sanguozhi vol. 34.
- ↑ (漢晉春秋曰：魏以蜀宮人賜諸將之無妻者，李昭儀曰：「我不能二三屈辱。」乃自殺。) Han Jin Chunqiu annotation in Sanguozhi vol. 34.
- ↑ (後主敬哀皇后，車騎將軍張飛長女也。) Sanguozhi vol. 34.
- ↑ (後主張皇后，前后敬哀之妹也。) Sanguozhi vol. 34.
- ↑ (後主太子璿，字文衡。母王貴人，本敬哀張皇后侍人也。) Sanguozhi vol. 34.
- ↑ ([延熈元年春正月， ... 立子璿為太子，子瑤為安定王。] ... [十五年， ... 立子琮為西河王。] ... [十九年春， ... 秋八月， ... 是歲，立子瓚為新平王。] ... [二年夏六月，立子諶為北地王，恂為新興王，虔為上黨王。]) Sanguozhi vol. 33.
- Ban, Biao; Ban, Gu; Ban, Zhao. Book of Han (Han Shu).
- Chen, Shou. Records of the Three Kingdoms (Sanguozhi).
- Fan, Ye. Book of the Later Han (Houhanshu).
- Pei, Songzhi. Annotations to Records of the Three Kingdoms (Sanguozhi zhu).