Simone Leigh
Simone Leigh
Leigh in 2017
Born1967 (age 56–57)
Chicago, Illinois
NationalityAmerican
Alma materEarlham College
Awards
Websitesimoneleigh.com

Simone Leigh (born 1967) is an American artist from Chicago who works in New York City in the United States.[1][2] She works in various media including sculpture, installations, video, performance, and social practice. Leigh has described her work as auto-ethnographic, and her interests include African art and vernacular objects, performance, and feminism.[3] Her work is concerned with the marginalization of women of color and reframes their experience as central to society.[2][4] Leigh has often said that her work is focused on “Black female subjectivity,” with an interest in complex interplays between various strands of history.[5] She was named one of the 100 most influential people in the world by Time magazine in 2023.[6]

Early life and education

Simone Leigh was born in 1967 in Chicago, Illinois, to Jamaican missionaries.[7] She grew up on Chicago's South Side in a highly segregated neighborhood. Describing her childhood in an interview, Leigh stated "Everyone was black, so I grew up feeling like my blackness didn’t predetermine anything about me. It was very good for my self-esteem. I still feel lucky that I grew up in that crucible."[8]

Leigh attended Earlham College in Richmond, Indiana; she received a BA in Art with a minor in Philosophy in 1990.[9][10]

Career

"I came to my artistic practice via the study of philosophy, cultural studies, and a strong interest in African and African American art, which has imbued my object and performance-based work with a concern for the ethnographic, especially the way it records and describes objects."[11]

After graduating, Leigh planned to become a social worker. After an internship at the National Museum of African Art and stint at a studio near Charlottesville, Virginia, she embraced art as a career. In 2015 she remarked "I tried not to be an artist for a really long time but at a certain point I realized I was not going to stop doing it."[3]

Leigh combines her training in American ceramics with an interest in African pottery, using African motifs which tend to have modernist characteristics. Though she considers herself to be primarily a sculptor, she recently has been involved in social sculpture, or social practice work that engages the public directly.[11] Her objects often employ materials and forms traditionally associated with African art, and her performance-influenced installations create spaces where historical precedent and self-determination co-mingle.[11] She describes this combination representing "a collapsing of time."[12] Her work has been described as part of a generation's reimagining of ceramics in a cross-disciplinary context.[13] She has given artist lectures in many institutions nationally[14][15][16] and internationally, and has taught in the ceramics department of the Rhode Island School of Design.[17]

Leigh lecturing in 2013

In October 2020, Leigh was selected to represent the United States at the 2022 Venice Biennale.[18] She is the first black woman to do so. She was awarded a Golden Lion for her work Brick House in the main exhibition.[19] The film Conspiracy, featured in her solo show at the Biennale, was co-produced with filmmaker and visual artist Madeleine Hunt-Ehrlich.[20]

Works and critical reception

Leigh working in her studio

Leigh has exhibited internationally including: MoMA PS1, Walker Art Center, Studio Museum in Harlem, Yerba Buena Center for the Arts, The Hammer Museum, The Kitchen, The Bronx Museum of the Arts, Tilton Gallery, Contemporary Arts Museum Houston, SculptureCenter, Pérez Art Museum Miami, Kunsthalle Wien in Vienna, L'appartement 22 in Rabat, Morocco, the Andy Warhol Museum in Pittsburgh, and the Association for Visual Arts Gallery in Cape Town, South Africa.[21] Leigh organized an event with a group of women artists, who performed in "Black Women Artists for Black Lives Matter" part of her solo exhibition, The Waiting Room at the New Museum in 2016.[22][23] Leigh's work was selected among "the most important and relevant work" by curators Jane Panetta and Rujeko Hockley for the 2019 Whitney Biennial.[24][7]

During her residency at the New Museum, Leigh founded an organization called Black Women Artists for Black Lives Matter (BWAforBLM), a collective formed in direct response to the murder of Philando Castille, and in protest against other similar injustices against black lives.[11]

Simone Leigh is the creator of the Free People's Medical Clinic a social practice project created with Creative Time in 2014.[25] A reenactment of the Black Panther Party's initiative of the same name.[11] The installation was located in a 1914 Bed-Stuy brownstone called the Stuyvesant Mansion, previously owned by notable African-American doctor Josephine English (1920–2011). As an homage to this history, Leigh created a walk-in health center with yoga, nutrition and massage sessions, staffed by volunteers in 19th-century nurse uniforms.[26]

She is the recipient of many awards, including: a Guggenheim Fellowship; the Venice Biennale Golden Lion (2022); The Herb Alpert Award; a Creative Capital grant; a Blade of Grass Fellowship; the Studio Museum in Harlem's Joyce Alexander Wein Artist Prize; the Guggenheim Museum's Hugo Boss Prize; United States Artists fellowship; and a Foundation for Contemporary Arts Grants to Artists award (2018).[27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35] She was named one of Artsy Editorial's "Most Influential Artists" of 2018.[36] Her work has been written about in many publications, including Art in America, Artforum, Sculpture Magazine, Modern Painters, The New Yorker, The New York Times, Small Axe, and Bomb magazine.[37][38][39][40][41][42]

Brick House

The Brick House sculpture's torso combines the forms of a skirt and a clay Mousgoum domed hut (or teleuk)[43] while the sculpture's head is crowned with an afro framed by cornrow braids.[44] This 5,900-pound bronze bust is of a Black woman with a torso standing 16 feet high and 9 feet in diameter at its base.[44]Brick House is the inaugural commission for the High Line Plinth, a landmark destination for major public artworks in New York City since 2019, and is part of a series of art installations that will rotate every eighteen months[45] and the first space on the High Line dedicated solely to new commissions of contemporary art.[5] The content of Leigh's sculpture directly contrasts the location in which it is sited in New York since it is situated where "glass-and-steel towers shoot up from among older industrial-era brick buildings, and where architectural and human scales are in constant negotiation."[44] In 2020, another original Brick House was permanently installed in another urban location (albeit surrounded by a patch of grass) at the key gateway to the University City campus of University of Pennsylvania (near corner of 34th Street and Woodland Walk adjacent to Penn's School of Design).[46] Brick House is the first piece in Leigh's Anatomy of Architecture collection, an ongoing body of work where the artist combines architectural forms from regions as varied as West Africa and the Southern United States with the human body.[47] Brick House combines a number of different architectural styles: "Batammaliba architecture from Benin and Togo, the teleuk dwellings[48] of the Mousgoum people of Cameroon and Chad, and the restaurant named Mammy's Cupboard located on US Highway 61 south of Natchez, Mississippi."[44]

The Waiting Room

The Waiting Room was exhibited at the New Museum in New York City from June to September 2016.[2] This exhibition honors Esmin Elizabeth Green, who died from blood clots after sitting in a waiting room of a Brooklyn hospital for 24 hours, and provides an alternative vision of health care shaped by female, African-American experience.[49] In an interview with the Guardian, Leigh says "obedience is one of the main threats to black women's health" and "what happened to Green is an example of the lack of empathy people have towards the pain of black women."[49] The Waiting Room involved public and private care sessions from different traditions of medicine such as herbalism, meditation rooms, movement studios, and other holistic approaches to healthcare. Outside of museum hours this exhibition became "The Waiting Room Underground" providing free, private workshops outside of the public eye, an homage to the healthcare work of the Black Panthers and the United Order of Tents.[49] Additionally this exhibition featured lectures; workshops on self-defense, home economics, and self-awareness; Taiko drumming lessons for LGBTQ youth, and summer internships with the museum for teens.[49] This work came after and is related to Leigh's previous project Free People's Medical Clinic (2014).[50]

Recognition

Leigh is a recipient of the Venice Biennale Golden Lion (2022); the Studio Museum in Harlem's Joyce Alexander Wein Artist Prize (2017); John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation Fellowship (2016); Anonymous Was a Woman Award (2016); Herb Alpert Award in the Arts (2016); and A Blade of Grass Fellowship for Socially Engaged Art (2016).[11] Guggenheim Fellowship (2012), Louis Comfort Tiffany Foundation Biennial Award, Creative Capital Grantee, Lower Manhattan Cultural Council's Micheal Richards Award (2012), Joan Mitchell Foundation Grant, Artist-in-Residence The Studio Museum in Harlem (2010–11), NYFA Fellowship, Art Matters Foundation Grant (2009), Foundation for Contemporary Arts Grants to Artists Award (2018), The Hugo Boss Prize (2018) (a $100,000 award facilitated by the Guggenheim Museum that ranks among the world's top art prizes).[27][51][52][5]

Art market

As of 2021, Leigh was represented by Matthew Marks Gallery.[53] She was previously represented by Hauser & Wirth (2019-2021), David Kordansky Gallery (2019), and Luhring Augustine Gallery (2016–2019).[54][55]

In 2023, Leigh's sculpture Stick (2019), sold for $2.7 million at Christie's in New York, a record for the artist.[56] Her previous auction record, a life-size mixed media female head titled Birmingham (2012), was sold for $2.2 million at Sotheby’s in New York in 2022.[57]

Exhibitions

Leigh has staged many solo shows at galleries and museums in the United States and internationally, as well as several solo public art installations. Her solo shows include Simone Leigh (2004) Momenta Art, New York;[1] if you wan fo’ lick old woman pot, you scratch him back (2008), Rush Arts Gallery, New York;[58] You Don’t Know Where Her Mouth Has Been (2012), The Kitchen, New York;[59] Gone South (2014), Atlanta Contemporary Art Center;[60] The Waiting Room (2016), New Museum, New York;[61] Psychic Friends Network (2016), Tate Modern, London;[62] inHarlem: Simone Leigh (2016), Marcus Garvey Park, Studio Museum in Harlem, New York;[63] Loophole of Retreat (2019), Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, New York;[64] Brick House (2019), High Line, New York;[65] Simone Leigh (2021), Hauser & Wirth, Zurich;[66] Trophallaxis (2008-17), Pérez Art Museum Miami (2022-2023);[67] Sovereignty (2022), American pavilion, 59th Venice Biennale;[68] and Simone Leigh (2023), originating at the Institute of Contemporary Art, Boston.[69]

Leigh has also participated in many group exhibitions, including the Dakar Biennale (2014);[70] Berlin Biennale (2019);[71] Whitney Biennial (2019);[72] Prospect.5 (2021), Prospect New Orleans;[73] and The Milk of Dreams (2022), 59th Venice Biennale.[74]

Notable works in public collections

Bibliography

  • Stefan Üner: Black Renaissance. Simone Leigh, Sandra Mujinga und die Biennale 2022, in: stayinart, special edition, Innsbruck 2022, p. 82–89.

References

  1. 1 2 Tomkins, Calvin (2022). "The Monumental Success of Simone Leigh: Recognition for the American sculptor, who is representing the U.S. at the Venice Biennale, may have come late but it seems foreordained". newyorker.com. The New Yorker. Archived from the original on 2022-03-25. "I guess the biggest failed utopia right now would be America"
  2. 1 2 3 "Simone Leigh: The Waiting Room". newmuseum.org. Retrieved 2017-03-11.
  3. 1 2 Grimes, William. 2015, "Distinct Prisms in an Ever-Shifting Kaleidoscope", The New York Times, April 16.
  4. ↑ "Simone Leigh :: Foundation for Contemporary Arts". www.foundationforcontemporaryarts.org. Retrieved 2019-09-06.
  5. 1 2 3 Greenberger, Alex (2020-01-17). "Simone Leigh, Sculptor with a Focus on 'Black Female Subjectivity,' Heads to Hauser & Wirth". ARTnews.com. Retrieved 2020-02-29.
  6. ↑ "Time 100". Time. April 13, 2023. Retrieved April 15, 2023.
  7. 1 2 Pogrebin, Robin; Sheets, Hilarie M. (2018-08-29). "An Artist Ascendant: Simone Leigh Moves Into the Mainstream". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2019-09-06.
  8. ↑ Golden, Ryan McGinley,Thelma (2019-09-07). "Zendaya and Simone Leigh Are Going Beyond Beauty". Garage. Retrieved 2021-11-24.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  9. ↑ "Simone Leigh". earlham.edu. Retrieved 2018-03-10.
  10. ↑ "Simone Leigh". Guggenheim Museum – Collections Online. guggenheim.org. Retrieved 2019-09-06.
  11. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "Simone Leigh :: Foundation for Contemporary Arts". www.foundationforcontemporaryarts.org. Retrieved 2020-02-29.
  12. ↑ "Artist Simone Leigh Has Joined Luhring Augustine Gallery | Culture Type". www.culturetype.com. 18 May 2016. Retrieved 2018-03-10.
  13. ↑ "25 Most Collectible Midcareer Artists: Simone Leigh | Artinfo". Artinfo. Retrieved 2018-03-10.
  14. ↑ "Simone Leigh". School of the Art Institute of Chicago. Retrieved 2019-03-13.
  15. ↑ "Parsons Fine Arts Visiting Artists Lecture Series - Weds 9/16 - Simone Leigh". Art, Media, & Technology. 2015-09-14. Retrieved 2019-03-13.
  16. ↑ "Art and Practice with Simone Leigh | MoMA". The Museum of Modern Art. Retrieved 2019-03-13.
  17. ↑ "No Fear of Failure". Our RISD. Retrieved 2019-03-13.
  18. ↑ Greenberger, Alex (2020-10-14). "Sculptor Simone Leigh Picked to Represent United States at 2022 Venice Biennale". ARTnews.com. Retrieved 2020-10-14.
  19. ↑ "Simone Leigh and Sonia Boyce Win Venice Biennale's Top Honor". www.artforum.com. Retrieved 2022-04-25.
  20. ↑ "handtoflame — Three Fold". threefoldpress.org. Retrieved 2023-06-13.
  21. ↑ "Simone Leigh | Ceramics | Academics | RISD". www.risd.edu. Retrieved 2016-02-09.
  22. ↑ Best, Tamara (2016-09-02). "At New Museum, a Pop-Up Support System for Black Lives Matter". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2016-12-10.
  23. ↑ "Hammer Projects: Simone Leigh - Hammer Museum". The Hammer Museum. Retrieved 2017-02-10.
  24. ↑ "Whitney Biennial 2019".
  25. ↑ Davis, Samara. 2015. "Room for Care." TDR: The Drama Review 59, no. 4: 169–176.
  26. ↑ Cotter, Holland (2014-10-07). "'Funk, God, Jazz & Medicine,' Black Heritage in Brooklyn". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2016-03-05.
  27. 1 2 "BIENNALE ARTE 2022: OFFICIAL AWARDS". Venice Biennale. 23 April 2022. Retrieved 26 April 2022.
  28. ↑ "Simone Leigh | The Herb Alpert Award in the Arts". herbalpertawards.org. 2016-04-29. Retrieved 2017-02-10.
  29. ↑ "Creative Capital - Investing in Artists who Shape the Future". creative-capital.org. Retrieved 2017-02-10.
  30. ↑ "A Blade of Grass Announces 2016 Fellows for Socially Engaged Art". artforum.com. Retrieved 2017-02-11.
  31. ↑ Greenberger, Alex (2017-10-31). "Simone Leigh Wins Studio Museum in Harlem's $50,000 Joyce Alexander Wein Artist Prize". ARTnews. Retrieved 2017-11-20.
  32. ↑ "John Simon Guggenheim Foundation | Simone Leigh". www.gf.org. Retrieved 2017-02-10.
  33. ↑ Battaglia, Andy (2018-10-18). "Simone Leigh Wins the 2018 Hugo Boss Prize". ARTnews. Retrieved 2019-02-01.
  34. ↑ Greenberger, Alex (2019-01-22). "United States Artists Names 2019 Fellows, Including Firelei Báez, Wu Tsang, and Cecilia Vicuña". ARTnews. Retrieved 2019-02-01.
  35. ↑ "Who Is the Activist Sculptor Simone Leigh? Here Are 5 Things to Know About This Year's Hugo Boss Prize Winner". artnet News. 2018-10-19. Retrieved 2019-09-06.
  36. ↑ "The Most Influential Artists of 2018". Artsy. 2018-12-17. Retrieved 2020-08-11.
  37. ↑ "Going Underground: An Interview with Simone Leigh - Interviews - Art in America". www.artinamericamagazine.com. 2015-08-20. Retrieved 2017-03-12.
  38. ↑ Simmons, William (March 5, 2015). "500 Words Simone Leigh". Artforum.
  39. ↑ Puleo, Risa (June 2016). ""Simone Leigh" Modern Painters". Modern Painters.
  40. ↑ "Simone Leigh: The Waiting Room". The New Yorker. Retrieved 2017-03-12.
  41. ↑ Grimes, William (2015-04-16). "Distinct Prisms in an Ever-Shifting Kaleidoscope". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2017-03-12.
  42. ↑ "BOMB Magazine — Simone Leigh by Malik Gaines". bombmagazine.org. Retrieved 2017-03-12.
  43. ↑ Steven Nelson, "Smone Leigh: Acts of Transformation." In Black Modernisms in the Transatlantic World, edited by Steven Nelson and Huey Copeland. Washington: National Gallery of Art, 2023: pages 18–33.
  44. 1 2 3 4 "Brick House". The High Line. Retrieved 2020-02-29.
  45. ↑ "Brick House".
  46. ↑ "Towering bronze sculpture installed at the entrance to Penn's campus".
  47. ↑ Dale, Gregory (2020), "The artist turned criminal: emotional obstacles to severing the body from the body of work", Research Handbook on Art and Law, Edward Elgar Publishing, pp. 368–387, doi:10.4337/9781788971478.00039, ISBN 978-1-78897-147-8, S2CID 213486501
  48. ↑ "Types of Musgu Dwellings: Domed Hut (Teleuk) and Delemiy".
  49. 1 2 3 4 Sayej, Nadja (2016-06-29). "Simone Leigh's The Waiting Room: art that tries to heal black women's pain". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 2017-03-11.
  50. ↑ "Simone Leigh "The Waiting Room"". www.nyartbeat.com. Retrieved 2017-03-11.
  51. ↑ Pogrebin, Robin; Sheets, Hilarie M. (2018-08-29). "An Artist Ascendant: Simone Leigh Moves Into the Mainstream". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2020-02-29.
  52. ↑ "John Simon Guggenheim Foundation | Simone Leigh". Retrieved 2020-02-29.
  53. ↑ Halperin, Julia (30 November 2021). "Simone Leigh, the Celebrated Sculptor Who Left Hauser and Wirth After Less Than Two Years, Has Joined Matthew Marks". Artnet. Retrieved 22 May 2023.
  54. ↑ Alex Greenberger (October 29, 2021), Simone Leigh Departs Hauser & Wirth Ahead of Venice Biennale Pavilion ARTnews.
  55. ↑ Alex Greenberger (January 17, 2020), Simone Leigh, Sculptor with a Focus on ‘Black Female Subjectivity,’ Heads to Hauser & Wirth ARTnews.
  56. ↑ Small, Zachary (15 May 2023). "At Christie's '21st Century' Auction, the Sound of Records Breaking for Women". The New York Times. Retrieved 22 May 2023.
  57. ↑ Scott Reyburn (19 May 2022), Spring Auction Sales for Two Blockbuster Weeks Top $2.5 Billion New York Times.
  58. ↑ "Simone Leigh: You Don't Know Where Her Mouth Has Been". The Kitchen. Archived from the original on 14 August 2022. Retrieved 14 August 2022.
  59. ↑ "SIMONE LEIGH: Gone South". Atlanta Contemporary. Atlanta Contemporary Art Center. Archived from the original on 7 December 2021. Retrieved 14 August 2022.
  60. ↑ "Simone Leigh: The Waiting Room". New Museum. Archived from the original on 16 April 2022. Retrieved 14 August 2022.
  61. ↑ "Psychic Friends Network with Simone Leigh". Tate. Archived from the original on 14 August 2022. Retrieved 14 August 2022.
  62. ↑ "inHarlem: Simone Leigh". Studio Museum. Studio Museum in Harlem. Archived from the original on 4 August 2022. Retrieved 14 August 2022.
  63. ↑ "The Hugo Boss Prize 2018: Simone Leigh, Loophole of Retreat". Guggenheim. Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum. Archived from the original on 4 August 2022. Retrieved 14 August 2022.
  64. ↑ "Simone Leigh: Brick House". The High Line. Friends of the High Line. Archived from the original on 21 May 2022. Retrieved 14 August 2022.
  65. ↑ "Simone Leigh". HauserWirth. Hauser & Wirth. Archived from the original on 12 May 2022. Retrieved 14 August 2022.
  66. ↑ "Simone Leigh: Trophallaxis • Pérez Art Museum Miami". Pérez Art Museum Miami. Retrieved 2023-08-23.
  67. ↑ "Simone Leigh: Sovereignty". Simone Leigh Venice 2022. Institute of Contemporary Art, Boston. Archived from the original on 2 July 2022. Retrieved 14 August 2022.
  68. ↑ "Simone Leigh". ICABoston. Institute of Contemporary Art, Boston. Archived from the original on 12 May 2023. Retrieved 22 May 2023.
  69. ↑ "Simone Leigh & Chitra Ganesh". Biennale Dakar (in French). Dakar Biennale. Archived from the original on 12 March 2016. Retrieved 14 August 2022.
  70. ↑ "Simone Leigh". Berlin Biennale. Archived from the original on 17 May 2021. Retrieved 14 August 2022.
  71. ↑ "Whitney Biennial 2019, Simone Leigh". Whitney. Whitney Museum. Archived from the original on 14 August 2022. Retrieved 14 August 2022.
  72. ↑ "Simone Leigh - P.5". Prospect5. Prospect New Orleans. Archived from the original on 14 August 2022. Retrieved 14 August 2022.
  73. ↑ "Simone Leigh, Biennale Arte 2022". La Biennale. Venice Biennale. Archived from the original on 6 July 2022. Retrieved 14 August 2022.
  74. ↑ "Breakdown". Guggenheim. Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum. Retrieved 23 May 2023.
  75. ↑ "Breakdown". SAAM. Smithsonian Institution. Retrieved 23 May 2023.
  76. ↑ "My Dreams, My Works Must Wait Till After Hell". SAAM. Smithsonian Institution. Archived from the original on 3 May 2022. Retrieved 14 August 2022.
  77. ↑ "My Dreams, My Works Must Wait Till After Hell". Whitney Museum. Retrieved 30 May 2023.
  78. ↑ "Simone Leigh". KMAC Museum. Archived from the original on 22 May 2023. Retrieved 22 May 2023.
  79. ↑ "Trophallaxis". PAMM. Pérez Art Museum Miami. Archived from the original on 6 August 2022. Retrieved 14 August 2022.
  80. ↑ "Dunham". ArtIC. Art Institute of Chicago. Archived from the original on 7 February 2021. Retrieved 14 August 2022.
  81. ↑ "Georgia Mae". Guggenheim. Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum. Archived from the original on 4 August 2021. Retrieved 14 August 2022.
  82. ↑ "203 (Face Jug Series)". Stanley Museum. University of Iowa. Archived from the original on 22 May 2023. Retrieved 22 May 2023.
  83. ↑ "Cupboard VII". Whitney. Whitney Museum. Archived from the original on 2 July 2021. Retrieved 14 August 2022.
  84. ↑ "Figure with Skirt". Nelson-Atkins. Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art. Archived from the original on 14 August 2022. Retrieved 14 August 2022.
  85. ↑ "No Face (Crown Heights)". Phillips Collection. Archived from the original on 19 December 2021. Retrieved 14 August 2022.
  86. ↑ "No Face (Pannier)". MFA. Museum of Fine Arts, Boston. Archived from the original on 14 August 2022. Retrieved 14 August 2022.
  87. ↑ "Opuwo". RISD Museum. Rhode Island School of Design. Archived from the original on 14 August 2022. Retrieved 14 August 2022.
  88. ↑ "Brick House". Penn Art Collection. University of Pennsylvania. Archived from the original on 23 November 2020. Retrieved 14 August 2022.
  89. ↑ "Corrugated". NC Art Museum. North Carolina Museum of Art. Archived from the original on 10 January 2022. Retrieved 14 August 2022.
  90. ↑ "Corrugated". Moderna Museet. Archived from the original on 22 May 2023. Retrieved 22 May 2023.
  91. ↑ "Cupboard IX". ICA Boston. Institute of Contemporary Art, Boston. Archived from the original on 17 October 2021. Retrieved 14 August 2022.
  92. ↑ "Las Meninas". Cleveland Museum of Art. Archived from the original on 22 May 2023. Retrieved 22 May 2023.
  93. ↑ "Sentinel". Art Gallery of New South Wales. Archived from the original on 17 March 2023. Retrieved 21 May 2023.
  94. ↑ "Stick". Whitney. Whitney Museum. Archived from the original on 2 July 2021. Retrieved 14 August 2022.
  95. ↑ "Loophole of Retreat". Brooklyn Museum. Archived from the original on 18 April 2022. Retrieved 14 August 2022.
  96. ↑ "Nasher Sculpture Center Announces Recent New Gifts and Acquisitions to the Collection". Nasher Sculpture Center. 1 June 2022. Archived from the original on 3 June 2022. Retrieved 14 August 2022.
  97. ↑ "Quonset". Whitney Museum. Retrieved 30 May 2023.
  98. ↑ "Sentinel IV". Landmarks. University of Texas at Austin. Archived from the original on 22 July 2022. Retrieved 14 August 2022.
  99. ↑ "Sphinx" (PDF). Joslyn. Joslyn Art Museum. Archived (PDF) from the original on 22 May 2023. Retrieved 22 May 2023.
  100. ↑ "Village Series". BuffaloAKG. Buffalo AKG Art Museum. Archived from the original on 22 May 2023. Retrieved 22 May 2023.
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