Simone Manuel
Simone Manuel before a race
Manuel in 2015
Personal information
Full nameSimone Ashley Manuel
National teamUnited States
Born (1996-08-02) August 2, 1996
Sugar Land, Texas, U.S.
Height5 ft 10 in (178 cm)
Weight148 lb (67 kg)
Sport
SportSwimming
StrokesFreestyle
College teamStanford University
Medal record
Women's swimming
Representing  United States
Event 1st 2nd 3rd
Olympic Games 2 2 1
World Championships (LC) 11 3 2
Pan Pacific Championships 0 6 2
Total 13 11 5
Olympic Games
Gold medal – first place2016 Rio de Janeiro100 m freestyle
Gold medal – first place2016 Rio de Janeiro4×100 m medley
Silver medal – second place2016 Rio de Janeiro50 m freestyle
Silver medal – second place2016 Rio de Janeiro4×100 m freestyle
Bronze medal – third place2020 Tokyo4×100 m freestyle
World Championships (LC)
Gold medal – first place 2013 Barcelona 4×100 m freestyle
Gold medal – first place 2015 Kazan 4×100 m mixed freestyle
Gold medal – first place2017 Budapest100 m freestyle
Gold medal – first place2017 Budapest4×100 m freestyle
Gold medal – first place2017 Budapest4×100 m medley
Gold medal – first place2017 Budapest4×100 m mixed freestyle
Gold medal – first place2017 Budapest4×100 m mixed medley
Gold medal – first place2019 Gwangju50 m freestyle
Gold medal – first place2019 Gwangju100 m freestyle
Gold medal – first place2019 Gwangju4×100 m medley
Gold medal – first place2019 Gwangju4×100 m mixed freestyle
Silver medal – second place2019 Gwangju4×100 m freestyle
Silver medal – second place2019 Gwangju4×200 m freestyle
Silver medal – second place2019 Gwangju4×100 m mixed medley
Bronze medal – third place 2015 Kazan 4×100 m freestyle
Bronze medal – third place2017 Budapest50 m freestyle
Pan Pacific Championships
Silver medal – second place 2014 Gold Coast 4×100 m freestyle
Silver medal – second place 2014 Gold Coast 4×100 m medley
Silver medal – second place 2018 Tokyo 50 m freestyle
Silver medal – second place 2018 Tokyo 100 m freestyle
Silver medal – second place 2018 Tokyo 4×100 m freestyle
Silver medal – second place 2018 Tokyo 4×100 m medley
Bronze medal – third place 2014 Gold Coast 100 m freestyle
Bronze medal – third place 2018 Tokyo 4×100 m mixed medley
Junior Pan Pacific Championships
Gold medal – first place 2012 Honolulu 100 m freestyle
Gold medal – first place 2012 Honolulu 4×100 m freestyle
Gold medal – first place 2012 Honolulu 4×200 m freestyle
Gold medal – first place 2012 Honolulu 4×100 m medley
Olympics official video: 100m freestyle Olympic gold for Manuel

Simone Ashley Manuel (born August 2, 1996[1]) is an American professional swimmer specializing in freestyle events. At the 2016 Rio Olympics, she won two gold and two silver medals: gold in the 100-meter freestyle and the 4×100-meter medley, and silver in the 50-meter freestyle and the 4×100-meter freestyle relay. In winning the 100-meter freestyle, a tie with Penny Oleksiak of Canada, Manuel became the first Black American woman to win an individual Olympic gold in swimming and set an Olympic record and an American record. At the 2020 Tokyo Olympics, she won a bronze medal as the anchor of the American 4×100-meter freestyle relay team.

Manuel also holds three world records as a member of a relay team, and she is a six-time individual NCAA Division I Women's Swimming and Diving Championships champion, becoming one of the first three African-American women to place in the top three spots in the 100-yard freestyle event in any Division I NCAA Swimming Championship. From 2014 to 2018, she attended Stanford University, where she swam for the Stanford Cardinal and helped Stanford win the NCAA team championship in women's swimming and diving in 2017 and 2018. She turned pro in July 2018.

After entering Stanford in 2014, she became a member of the Stanford Cardinal women's swimming team.[2] She broke the school records in the 50-, 100-, and 200-yard freestyle in the same year,[3] and in 2014, her freshman year, she also broke the American and National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) records for 100-yard freestyle.[4] Manuel is a six-time individual NCAA champion: winning the 50- and 100-yard freestyle in 2015, 2017, and 2018.[1][5][6] She redshirted in 2016. As a senior, she won the Honda Sports Award as the nation's best female swimmer as well as the Honda Cup for the best overall female collegiate athlete.[7][8][9]

Activism and outreach

Efforts to increase access, diversity, and inclusion in swimming

Make A Splash Foundation

Manuel has partnered with multiple organizations and projects whose goal is to extend opportunities and promote inclusion in swimming. She is an ambassador for the Make A Splash organization headed by the USA Swimming Foundation.[10] This program partners with local communities to bring awareness to the need for aquatics education in underserved areas by issuing grants to local swim lesson providers. The program teaches the life-saving skills of swimming and pool safety to young children from under-resourced communities often free of charge.[11]

Inclusion rider

Manuel signed a sponsorship with the popular swimwear company TYR Sport, Inc. in 2018 and entered the world of professional swimming.[12] In signing her sponsorship with TYR Sport, Inc., Manuel instituted an inclusion rider in her contract. The addition, often seen in the entertainment industry to require groups to reach a specific level of diversity, was a first ever agreement of its kind in professional sports.[13] In TYR Sport, Inc.'s press release regarding the signing of Manuel, the company describes that the inclusion rider "ensures that [Simone's] partners [or TYR] extend meaningful opportunities to traditionally underrepresented groups and that diversity be reflected in the creative efforts [Simone] pursues with the brand".[12]

Promise School

In 2019 Manuel partnered with LeBron James' Promise School in Akron, Ohio. With this partnership, she helped form a 4-week summer swim program for students of the school. The program was hosted by the Akron YMCA that provided the swim instructors and assisted in funding the program. Out of 140 attendees, 90% had no experience in the pool.[14] Although Manuel could not be physically present at the camp because she was training for the Olympics, she did visit the school earlier that year in March to introduce the summer program and have a meet and greet with the kids. For the duration of the camp, Manuel sent videos giving tips and encouragement to the students. In agreement with her inclusion rider, her sponsor TYR provided the children with swimsuits and other swim gear necessary for the camp.[14]

Swimming career

2012

Manuel swam at the 2012 United States Olympic Trials, placing 20th in the 50-meter freestyle and 17th in the 100-meter freestyle events.[1][15][16] The following month, as a 16-year-old at the 2012 Junior Pan Pacific Swimming Championships, held at the Veterans Memorial Aquatic Center in Honolulu, she won gold medals in the 100-meter freestyle with a time of 54.80 seconds, the 4×100-meter freestyle relay where she set a Championships record of 54.60 on the first leg of the relay, the 4×200-meter freestyle relay, the 4×100-meter medley relay, placed fourth in the 50-meter freestyle with a time of 25.45 seconds, and won the B-final of the 200-meter freestyle with a 2:00.32.[17]

2013

2013 National Championships

She competed at the 2013 US National Championships, where she finished third in the 100-meter freestyle and second in the 50-meter freestyle events.

2013 World Championships

2013 World Championships
Gold medal – first place 4×100 m freestyle relay3:32.31

She qualified for the 2013 World Aquatics Championships in Barcelona, and she won a gold medal in the preliminary for the 4×100-meter freestyle relay.

2013 Duel in the Pool

She also competed in the 2013 Duel in the Pool, where she won first in the 100-meter freestyle, third in the 50-meter freestyle, second in the 400-meter freestyle relay, and first in the 200-meter mixed medley relay.[1]

2014

At the 2014 US National Championships, she finished first in the 50-meter freestyle, second in the 100-meter freestyle, and seventh in the 200-meter freestyle. She competed in that year's Pan Pacific Swimming Championships, where she won bronze in the 100-meter freestyle, silver in the 4×100-meter freestyle and 4×100 medley relays, and placed fourth in the 50-meter freestyle.[1]

2015

The medal ceremony at the 2015 World Championships in Kazan, Russia
Lochte, Adrian, Manuel, and Franklin (center, left to right) together hold the mixed 4 × 100 m freestyle relay world record.

In 2015, Manuel won her first two individual NCAA championships, winning the 50- and 100-yard freestyle,[1] setting an NCAA, American, U.S. Open, Championship, and Pool record in 100-yard freestyle with a time of 46.09.[18] She also placed second in the 200-yard freestyle event.[1] She became one of the first three African-American women to place in the top three spots in the 100-yard freestyle event in any Division I NCAA Swimming Championship.[18] She competed in the 2015 World Aquatics Championships, placing fourth in the 4×100 medley relay, sixth in the 100-meter freestyle, and eighth in the 50-meter freestyle.[1]

2016 Summer Olympics

2016 Olympics
Gold medal – first place 100 m freestyle 52.70 (AR)
Gold medal – first place 4×100 m medley 3:53.13
Silver medal – second place 4×100 m freestyle relay 3:31.89 (AR)
Silver medal – second place 50 m freestyle 24.09

Manuel swam in the 2016 United States Olympic Trials, placing second in the 50- and 100-meter freestyle and seventh in the 200-meter freestyle. Her position in the 50- and 100-meter events qualified her to compete at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro.[1]

She won a silver medal as part of the 4×100-meter freestyle relay along with Abbey Weitzeil, Dana Vollmer, and Katie Ledecky. She tied with Penny Oleksiak of Canada for the gold medal in the 100 m freestyle, both setting an Olympic record of 52.70.[19] Manuel is the first African-American woman to win a gold medal in an individual swimming event[19][20] and is also said to be the first black woman to achieve this.[21][22][23][24] She later won silver in the 50-meter freestyle event and gold in the 4×100-meter medley relay.[25][26][27]

2017 World Championships

2017 World Championships
Gold medal – first place 100 m freestyle52.27 (AR)
Gold medal – first place 4×100 m freestyle 3:31.72 (AR)
Gold medal – first place 4×100 m medley 3:51.55 (WR)
Gold medal – first place 4×100 m mixed medley 3:38.56 (WR)
Gold medal – first place 4×100 m mixed freestyle 3:19.60 (WR)
Bronze medal – third place 50 m freestyle23.97 (AR)

At the 2017 US Nationals, the qualification meet for the World Championships in Budapest, Manuel won the 50-meter freestyle with a time of 24.27 and touched second in the 100-meter freestyle with a time of 53.05.

On the first day of the World Championships, Manuel anchored the women's 4×100-meter freestyle relay to a gold medal alongside Mallory Comerford, Kelsi Worrell, and Ledecky. She split a very fast 52.14 to anchor the team to a new American record time of 3:31.72.[28] Manuel picked up her second gold of the meet when she anchored the mixed 4×100-meter medley relay with a split of 52.17. Together with Matt Grevers, Lilly King, and Caeleb Dressel, the team broke the world record in a time of 3:38.56.[29] Manuel's first individual event of the meet was the 100-meter freestyle, where Swedish swimmer Sarah Sjöström was widely considered the favorite to win since she had broken the world record while leading off the 4×100-meter freestyle relay on the first night of the World Championships. In similar fashion to the previous summer at the Olympics, Manuel upset the favorite by coming from behind to win the 100-meter freestyle with an American record time of 52.27, out touching Sjöström by just four-hundredths of a second.[30] The day after, she won her fourth gold medal in the mixed 4×00-meter freestyle relay, where she split 52.18 on the anchoring leg. Alongside Comerford, Dressel, and Nathan Adrian, they set a world record of 3:19.60.[31] On the last night of the meet, Manuel swam the finals of both the 50-meter freestyle and the women's 4×100-meter medley relay. Touching in a bronze-winning time of 23.97, she set the American record and became the first American woman to break the 24-second barrier in the 50-meter freestyle.[32] Manuel then anchored the women's 4×100-meter medley relay to a winning time of 3:51.55. The team of Kathleen Baker, King, Worrell, and Manuel broke the 2012 world record of 3:52.05 set by Missy Franklin, Rebecca Soni, Dana Vollmer, and Allison Schmitt.[33][34]

2019 World Championships

2019 World Championships
Gold medal – first place 50 m freestyle 24.05
Gold medal – first place 100 m freestyle52.04 (AR)
Gold medal – first place 4×100 m medley 3:50.40 (WR)
Gold medal – first place 4×100 m mixed freestyle 3:19.40 (WR)
Silver medal – second place 4×100 m freestyle 3:31.02 (AR)
Silver medal – second place 4×200 m freestyle 7:41.87 (AR)
Silver medal – second place 4×100 m mixed medley 3:39.10

At the 2019 World Aquatics Championships in Gwangju, South Korea in July 2019, Manuel became the first female American swimmer to win both the 50-meter freestyle and 100-meter freestyle events at a single FINA long course World Aquatics Championships meet.[35][36][37] Manuel won a total of seven medals, four gold and three silver medals, at the 2019 World Aquatics Championships.[36][38] This was most won by any female in the sport of swimming at a single FINA World Aquatics Championships series meet conducted in long course meters.[36] In the 50-meter freestyle, 100-meter freestyle, 4×100-meter medley relay, and 4×100-meter mixed freestyle relay she won gold. She won silver in the 4×100-meter freestyle relay, 4x200-meter freestyle relay, and 4×100-meter mixed medley relay.[39]

Manuel's accomplishments were highlighted by USA Swimming and she was the recipient of the 2019 "Female Athlete of the Year" award at the 2019 Golden Goggles Awards.[40]

2021

2020 US Olympic Trials

At the 2020 USA Swimming Olympic Trials, postponed to June 2021 due to the COVID-19 pandemic, Manuel competed in the 100-meter freestyle and the 50-meter freestyle.[41] In the 100-meter freestyle, she ranked 9th in the semifinals and did not qualify for the final.[41] She attributed her performance to overtraining syndrome.[42][43] In the 50-meter freestyle, Manuel ranked first in the final with a time of 24.29, qualifying for the US Olympic swim team in the 50-meter freestyle at the 2020 Summer Olympics.[41][44][45]

2020 Summer Olympics

2020 Olympics
Bronze medal – third place 4×100 m freestyle relay 3:32.81

The 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo, Japan were the second Olympic Games Manuel qualified to compete in.[46] She was selected as one of three first time captains, Allison Schmitt was selected as the only second time captain, along with Ryan Murphy and Caeleb Dressel for the USA Olympic swim team.[47]

While Manuel did not qualify to swim in the 4×100-meter freestyle relay at the 2020 US Olympic Trials, Team USA coach Greg Meehan decided to put her on the relay in the finals of the event at the 2020 Olympic Games in place of some of the relay-only swimmers who qualified at the US Olympic Trials and had already swum in the prelims.[48][49] Manuel was entered as the anchor, fourth, swimmer for the relay.[48][49][50] In the final, Manuel helped the relay finish in third place with a time of 3:32.81 and won her first medal of the 2020 Olympics, a bronze medal in the 4×100-meter freestyle relay.[51][52]

On day seven of competition, Manuel swam a 24.65 in the prelims heats of the 50-meter freestyle and advanced to the semifinals ranked 11th overall.[53] On day eight, in the semifinals of the 50-meter freestyle, Manuel finished with a time of 24.63, ranked 11th overall, and did not advance to the final of the event.[54][55]

Sponsorships

Manuel turned to full-time professional swimming in July 2018, forgoing her final collegiate season with Stanford.[56] On July 24, 2018, she signed with TYR Sport, Inc., joining former Stanford teammates Katie Ledecky and Lia Neal.[57] Another one of Manuel's sponsors during the 2020 Summer Olympics was automotive manufacturer Toyota.[58]

Career best times

As of August 1, 2017
Long course (50 m pool)
Event Time City Date Notes Ref
50 m freestyle 23.97 Budapest, Hungary July 30, 2017 NR, AM [32]
100 m freestyle 52.04 Gwangju, South Korea July 26, 2019 NR, AM [19][59]
200 m freestyle 1:56.09 Gwangju, South Korea July 25, 2019 [60]
50 m freestyle (SC) 24.07 Indianapolis, U.S. December 12, 2015 [60]
100 m freestyle (SC) 51.69 Indianapolis, U.S. December 11, 2015 [60]
50 yd freestyle (SC) 21.17 March 16, 2017
100 yd freestyle (SC) 45.56 March 18, 2017 NR
NR – National Record
AM – Americas Record

World records

Distance Event Time Location Date Ref
4 x 50 m Mixed medley relay[a] 1:37.17 Glasgow, Scotland December 21, 2013 [61]
4 × 100 m Mixed freestyle relay[b] 3:23.05 Kazan, Russia August 8, 2015 [62]
4 × 100 m Women's medley relay (sc)[c] 3:45.20 Indianapolis, U.S. December 11, 2015 [63]
4 × 100 m Mixed medley relay[d] 3:38.56 Budapest, Hungary July 27, 2017 [64]
4 × 100 m Mixed freestyle relay[e] 3:19.60 Budapest, Hungary July 29, 2017 [65]
4 × 100 m Women's medley relay[f] 3:51.55 Budapest, Hungary July 30, 2017 [66]
4 x 100 m Mixed freestyle relay[g] 3:19.40 Gwangju, South Korea July 27, 2019 [39]
a with Eugene Godsoe, Kevin Cordes, and Claire Donahue
b with Ryan Lochte, Nathan Adrian, and Missy Franklin
c short course record with Courtney Bartholomew, Katie Meili, and Kelsi Worrell
d with Matt Grevers, Lilly King, and Caeleb Dressel
e with Caeleb Dressel, Nathan Adrian, and Mallory Comerford
f with Kathleen Baker, Lilly King, and Kelsi Worrell
g with Caeleb Dressel, Zach Apple, and Mallory Comerford

Awards and honors

See also

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 "Simone Manuel". USA Swimming. Archived from the original on November 4, 2016. Retrieved August 12, 2016.
  2. ↑ Berkay, Melissa (July 24, 2016). "4 Reasons to Be A Fan of First-Time Olympian Simone Manuel". Swimming World. Archived from the original on February 21, 2019. Retrieved August 12, 2016.
  3. ↑ Shinn, Peggy (June 16, 2016). "Meet Simone Manuel, The Swimmer Missy Franklin Calls Fearless". United States Olympic Committee. Archived from the original on October 8, 2017. Retrieved August 12, 2016.
  4. ↑ "Simone Manuel". SwimSwam. Archived from the original on October 13, 2016. Retrieved August 12, 2016.
  5. ↑ "Simone Manuel". gostanford.com. Archived from the original on March 10, 2019. Retrieved March 18, 2018.
  6. ↑ "Back to Back". gostanford.com. Archived from the original on January 9, 2019. Retrieved March 18, 2018.
  7. 1 2 3 White, Jack (June 25, 2018). "Olympian and Stanford swimmer Simone Manuel wins Honda Award as top female collegiate athlete". USA Today. Archived from the original on March 23, 2020. Retrieved March 23, 2020.
  8. ↑ "Simone Manuel Named 2018 Collegiate Woman Athlete of the Year". Honda Corporate Social Responsibility. June 27, 2018. Archived from the original on March 23, 2020. Retrieved March 23, 2020.
  9. ↑ "Stanford Swimming Star Simone Manuel Wins Honda Cup; Named Collegiate Woman Athlete of the Year". CWSA. June 25, 2018. Archived from the original on June 26, 2018. Retrieved March 31, 2020.
  10. ↑ Shinn, Peggy (August 6, 2020). "The Deep End: The History of Pool Access for Black Americans & What Team USA Athletes are Doint to Get More Kids of Color into the Pool". TeamUSA.org. Archived from the original on August 9, 2020.
  11. ↑ "USA Swimming Foundation Grants Available to Make a Splash Swim Lesson Providers". SwimSwam. October 1, 2019. Retrieved October 1, 2021.
  12. 1 2 Glass, Alana. "Simone Manuel Rewrites Athlete Activism With TYR Sport Inclusion Rider". Forbes. Retrieved October 1, 2021.
  13. ↑ "Simone Manuel's TYR Contract Includes Unprecedented Inclusion Rider". SwimSwam. July 25, 2018. Retrieved October 1, 2021.
  14. 1 2 Burtka, Allison Torres (June 10, 2019). "LeBron James' I Promise School launches swim camp with Olympian Simone Manuel's help". ESPN.com. Retrieved August 2, 2023.
  15. ↑ "2012 U.S. Olympic Team Trials (swimming) – Women's 50 metre freestyle (heats)". Omega Timing. Archived from the original (PDF) on September 24, 2015. Retrieved August 12, 2016.
  16. ↑ "2012 U.S. Olympic Team Trials (swimming) – Women's 100 metre freestyle (heats)". Omega Timing. Archived from the original (PDF) on September 24, 2015. Retrieved August 12, 2016.
  17. ↑ "2012 Jr Pan Pacific Swimming 8/23/2012 to 8/27/2012: Results". USA Swimming. August 27, 2012. Retrieved October 26, 2022.
  18. 1 2 Nelson, Christopher (March 23, 2015). "Three College Swimmers Make History At NCAA Championship". NBC. Archived from the original on August 13, 2016. Retrieved August 13, 2016.
  19. 1 2 3 Rogers, Katie (August 12, 2016). "A Closer Look at Simone Manuel, Olympic Medalist, History Maker". The New York Times. Archived from the original on June 1, 2021. Retrieved August 13, 2016.
  20. ↑ Almasy, Steve (August 11, 2016). "Rio day 6: Simone Manuel makes history, Phelps gets 22nd gold". CNN. Archived from the original on January 14, 2018. Retrieved August 13, 2016.
  21. ↑ "Rio Olympics 2016: Simone Manuel and Penny Oleksiak take joint gold". BBC. August 12, 2016. Archived from the original on June 22, 2018. Retrieved August 15, 2016.
  22. ↑ Diaz, Evelyn (August 11, 2016). "Team USA Swimmer Simone Manuel Scores Historic Gold Medal at Olympics". BET. Archived from the original on July 3, 2018. Retrieved August 15, 2016.
  23. ↑ Donnella, Leah (August 12, 2016). "Simone Manuel Wins Olympic Gold. That's A Really Big Deal". NPR. Archived from the original on December 27, 2018. Retrieved July 24, 2017.
  24. ↑ Anderson, Jared (August 12, 2016). "Simone Manuel Becomes First Black Woman To Win Olympic Swimming Gold". SwimSwam.com. Archived from the original on February 10, 2019. Retrieved July 24, 2017.
  25. ↑ "Simone Manuel". NBC Olympics. NBC. Archived from the original on October 11, 2016. Retrieved August 12, 2016.
  26. ↑ "Rio 2016 Olympic Games – Swimming – Women's 50m Freestyle". NBC. Archived from the original on June 1, 2021. Retrieved August 13, 2016.
  27. ↑ Evans, Hilary; Gjerde, Arild; Heijmans, Jeroen; Mallon, Bill; et al. "Simone Manuel". Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Archived from the original on December 4, 2016.
  28. ↑ "Comerford Downs 100 Free American Record as USA Downs 400 FR Relay American Record". SwimSwam. July 23, 2017. Archived from the original on July 29, 2017. Retrieved July 29, 2017.
  29. ↑ "Who's winning? Who knows? Welcome to mixed medley relay – sports – Lenovo". July 26, 2017. Archived from the original on July 29, 2017. Retrieved July 29, 2017.
  30. ↑ "Simone Manuel uses another dramatic finish to stun record-holder at swimming worlds". For The Win. July 28, 2017. Archived from the original on July 29, 2017. Retrieved July 29, 2017.
  31. ↑ "Swimming: Treble-gold Dressel helps US break mixed 4x100m freestyle record". The Straits Times. July 30, 2017. Archived from the original on August 1, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.
  32. 1 2 "Manuel Breaks American Record with 23.97 for 50 Free Bronze". SwimSwam. July 30, 2017. Archived from the original on August 1, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.
  33. ↑ "U.S. set world record to win women's 4x100 metres medley relay". Archived from the original on August 1, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.
  34. ↑ "Watch USA Women Eclipse WR in 4x100 Medley Relay (Race Video)". SwimSwam. July 30, 2017. Archived from the original on July 26, 2018. Retrieved August 1, 2017.
  35. ↑ "Simone Manuel Becomes First American Woman to Sweep 50m, 100m Frees at Worlds". Sports Illustrated. July 28, 2019. Retrieved July 3, 2021.
  36. 1 2 3 Barron, David (August 17, 2019). "Simone Manuel, a world champion again, increases her reach". Houston Chronicle. Retrieved July 3, 2021.
  37. ↑ "U.S.'s Manuel golden in 50, 100 frees at worlds". ESPN. July 28, 2019. Retrieved July 3, 2021.
  38. ↑ "Team Toyota Athlete: Simone Manuel". Toyota. Retrieved July 3, 2021.
  39. 1 2 FINA (July 28, 2019). "18th FINA World Championships Gwangju (KOR): Results Book". Omega Timing. Retrieved July 3, 2021.
  40. 1 2 3 "Manuel, Dressel Named Athletes of the Year at the 2019 Golden Goggle Awards". USA Swimming. November 25, 2019. Retrieved July 3, 2021.
  41. 1 2 3 "2020 U.S. Olympic Team Trials Wave II Complete Results". USA Swimming. June 20, 2021. Retrieved July 3, 2021.
  42. ↑ Lawrence, Andrew (June 24, 2021). "Simone Manuel's close call at US trials shows weight all Olympians carry". The Guardian. Retrieved July 3, 2021.
  43. ↑ Crouse, Karen (June 21, 2021). "Simone Manuel Falters in the Olympic Swimming Race That Made Her". The New York Times. Retrieved July 3, 2021.
  44. ↑ Zaccardi, Nick (June 20, 2021). "Simone Manuel qualifies for Tokyo Olympics in last shot; Nathan Adrian misses". NBC Sports. Retrieved July 3, 2021.
  45. ↑ "U.S.'s Simone Manuel wins 50-meter freestyle to lock up spot on Tokyo Olympics team". ESPN.com. June 20, 2021. Retrieved August 2, 2023.
  46. ↑ Brennan, Christine (June 20, 2021). "In her last shot at trials, Simone Manuel qualifies for 50 free, headed to Tokyo Olympics". USA Today. Retrieved July 3, 2021.
  47. ↑ Dornan, Ben (July 5, 2021). "Murphy, Dressel, Schmitt & Manuel Named 2020 USA Olympic Swimming Captains". SwimSwam. Retrieved July 5, 2021.
  48. 1 2 D'Addona, Dan (July 24, 2021). "Simone Manuel to Anchor 400 Free Relay for US, Following Brown, Weitzeil, Hinds". Swimming World. Retrieved July 24, 2021.
  49. 1 2 Hart, Torrey (July 24, 2021). "Simone Manuel, after missing out on 100m free, tabbed to anchor U.S. relay". WDIV-TV. Retrieved July 24, 2021.
  50. ↑ "Sugar Land's Simone Manuel will anchor 4X100 relay TONIGHT in chance for U.S. Olympic medal". KPRC-TV. July 24, 2021. Retrieved July 24, 2021.
  51. ↑ Barron, David (July 24, 2021). "Simone Manuel helps USA earn Olympic bronze in 400m freestyle relay". Houston Chronicle. Retrieved July 24, 2021.
  52. ↑ Mendola, Nicholas (July 24, 2021). "Australia breaks its world record, USA women win bronze in freestyle relay". nbcolympics.com. Retrieved August 2, 2023.
  53. ↑ "Simone Manuel returns to Tokyo Olympics pool after long layoff, advances in 50-meter freestyle". ESPN. July 30, 2021. Retrieved July 30, 2021.
  54. ↑ Sutherland, James (July 30, 2021). "Tokyo 2020 Olympics: Day 7 Finals Live Recap". SwimSwam. Retrieved August 2, 2021.
  55. ↑ Harris, Beth (July 31, 2021). "Trying Olympic year ends in disappointment for Simone Manuel". CBS 17. Retrieved August 2, 2021.
  56. ↑ Shinn, Peggy (June 5, 2019). "Simone Manuel Is Making A Splash – With Spreading A Message Of Diversity And Teaching Kids To Swim". United States Olympic Committee. Archived from the original on October 25, 2020. Retrieved August 13, 2019.
  57. ↑ Rieder, David (July 24, 2018). "Simone Manuel Announces Deal with TYR Sport". Swimming World. Archived from the original on November 9, 2020. Retrieved August 13, 2019.
  58. ↑ "Team USA, Team Toyota's Simone Manuel Wins Fifth Olympic Medal at Tokyo 2020". Toyota. July 26, 2021. Retrieved October 3, 2021.
  59. ↑ "Women's 100m freestyle results summary". Omega Timing. July 28, 2017. Archived from the original on July 25, 2018. Retrieved July 28, 2017.
  60. 1 2 3 "FINA: Simone Manuel". FINA. Retrieved October 4, 2021.
  61. ↑ "Duel in the Pool: Team USA Uses World Record in Tiebreaker Mixed Relay to Win 132–131". Swimming World. December 21, 2013. Archived from the original on December 24, 2013. Retrieved August 13, 2016.
  62. ↑ "16th FINA World Championships". Omega Watches. Archived from the original on August 3, 2017. Retrieved August 13, 2016.
  63. ↑ "Watch Team USA Set Women's 400 Medley Relay World Record (All Duel Race Videos!)". Swimming World. December 11, 2015. Archived from the original on March 30, 2019. Retrieved August 13, 2016.
  64. ↑ "Who's Winning? Who Knows? Welcome To Mixed Medley Relay". Associated Press. July 27, 2017. Archived from the original on July 29, 2017. Retrieved July 29, 2017.
  65. ↑ "Swimming: Treble-gold Dressel helps US break mixed 4x100m freestyle record". The Straits Times. July 30, 2017. Archived from the original on August 1, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.
  66. ↑ "Watch USA Eclipse WR in 4x100m Medley Relay (Race Video)". SwimSwam. July 30, 2017. Archived from the original on July 26, 2018. Retrieved August 1, 2017.
  67. ↑ Sutherland, James (December 2, 2021). "Simone Manuel Named To Forbes 30 Under 30 Sports Class Of 2022". SwimSwam. Retrieved December 2, 2021.
  68. ↑ Neidigh, Lauren (December 27, 2019). "2019 Swammy Awards: US Female Swimmer of the Year Simone Manuel". SwimSwam. Retrieved October 4, 2021.
  69. ↑ "Michael Phelps, Katie Ledecky lead Golden Goggle winners". NBC Sports. November 22, 2016. Retrieved October 4, 2021.
  70. ↑ Anderson, Jared (November 20, 2017). "Full 2017-2018 Golden Goggles Winners List". SwimSwam. Retrieved October 4, 2021.
  71. ↑ Ortegon, Karl (February 16, 2021). "SwimSwam's Top 100 For 2021: Women's #10 – #1". SwimSwam. Retrieved October 11, 2021.
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