Solomon Pappenheim
Born(1740-02-02)2 February 1740
Zülz, Silesia
Died4 or 5 March 1814(1814-03-05) (aged 74)
Breslau, Silesia
LanguageHebrew, German
Literary movementHaskalah
Notable worksYeri'ot Shelomoh (1784–1831)
SpouseFridoline Heymann[1]
ChildrenHeymann Salomon Pappenheimer[2]
RelativesArtur Pappenheim (great-grandson)

Solomon Pappenheim (Hebrew: שלמה בן זליגמן פפנהיים, German: Salomon Pappenheim; 2 February 1740 – 4 or 5 March 1814), also known by the acronym Rashap (Hebrew: רש״פ), was a German Maskil, linguist, and poet. He is best known for his three-part study of Hebrew synonyms entitled Yeri'ot Shelomoh.[3][4]

Biography

Solomon Pappenheim was born into a rabbinic family in Zülz, Silesia, the son of dayan Seligmann Pappenheim.[5] He received a traditional education, and served as rabbi of the Jewish community in Lublinitz before himself becoming dayan at Breslau.[6]

He died in Breslau at the age of 74. On his gravestone was inscribed in Hebrew Ein zeh kever ach aron kodesh ('This is not a grave but a Holy Ark').[7]

Work

Title page of Aggadat arba kosot (1790)

Pappenheim composed a satire against Jonathan Eybeschutz entitled Elonei memre ve-kiryat arba (1761) amid the dispute between the latter and Jacob Emden.[5] During the controversy on the subject of early burial[8] he wrote several works in German favoring the practise among Jews: Die frühe Beerdigung bei den Juden (1795), Die Nothwendigkeit der frühen Beerdigung (1797), and Deduction Seiner Apologie für die frühe Beerdigung (1798).[9] Against David Friedländer's views he wrote Freymüthige Erklärung über die erst jüngst rege gewordene Kritik des Gottesdienstes der Juden und deren Erziehung der Jugend (1813),[10] in which he holds up to his nation various abuses within and without the Synagogue, declaring the need for "a convention of sensible rabbis for the purpose of remedying these abuses."[11]

Pappenheim is especially known for his book on Hebrew synonyms and the philosophy of space and time, which appeared in three parts under the title Yeri'ot Shelomoh.[12] The first and third were published in Dyhernfurth in 1784 and 1811, respectively, while the second was published posthumously in Rödelheim in 1831.[11] A fourth part remained unprinted.[13]

After losing his wife and three children in a short time, he wrote his Aggadat arba kosot, an imitation of Edward Young's Night-Thoughts in poetic prose (Berlin, 1790; Zolkiev, 1805; Vienna, 1809; with additions by M. Lemans, Amsterdam, 1817).[14][15] The melancholic reflection on death and immortality survived many editions, and was translated into German by I. Wilheimer.[10] It would go on to influence the poetry of Avraham Dov Ber and Micah Joseph Lebensohn.[16]

Pappenheim's philosophical treatises include Beiträge zur Berichtigung der Beweise vom Dasein Gottes aus der Reinen Vernunft (1794) and Abermaliger Versuch über den Ontologischen Beweis vom Dasein Gottes (1800).[12] Of his Hebrew lexicon Ḥeshek Shelomoh only one number, on the particles, appeared (1802).[17] Ge'ullat Mitzrayim; Über die Erlösung aus Aegypten als Grundstein des Gesetzes was printed after his death by Hirsch Sachs (1815).[9]

Partial bibliography

  • Yeriʻot Shelomoh: ve-hu be-ur ʻal shemot nirdafim shebi-leshon ʻIvri [The Curtains of Solomon] (in Hebrew). Vol. 1. Dyhernfurth: Yeḥiel Mikhel Mai. 1784. hdl:2027/mdp.39015036716531.
  • Aggadat arbaʻ kosot: yishteh ha-adam be-hesevo ʻal leḥem ʻoni u-merorim [The Legend of Four Glasses] (in Hebrew). Vienna: Georg Hraschanzky. 1809 [1790]. hdl:2027/hvd.hwnmsp.
  • Beiträge zur Berichtigung der Beweise vom Dasein Gottes aus der Reinen Vernunft (in German). Breslau: C. F. Gursch. 1794.
  • An die Barmherzigen zu Endor, oder über die frühe Beerdigung der Juden (in German). Breslau. 1794.
  • Die frühe Beerdigung bei den Juden (in German). Breslau. 1795.
  • Die Nothwendigkeit der frühen Beerdigung (in German). Breslau. 1797.
  • Deduction Seiner Apologie für die frühe Beerdigung (in German). Breslau. 1798.
  • Abermaliger Versuch über den Ontologischen Beweis vom Dasein Gottes (in German). Breslau. 1800.
  • Ḥeshek Shelomoh [The Delight of Solomon] (in Hebrew). Breslau: Gedruckt bey Grasses Erben und Barth. 1802. hdl:2027/nyp.33433109936850.
  • Speculatives Dilemma für die Existenz Gottes, als Beweis aufgestellt (in Hebrew). Breslau. 1808.
  • Yeriʻot Shelomoh: ve-hu be-ur ʻal shemot nirdafim shebi-leshon ʻIvri (in Hebrew). Vol. 3. Dyhernfurth: Yosef Mai. 1811. hdl:2027/mdp.39015036716556.
  • Freymüthige Erklärung über die erst jüngst rege gewordene Kritik des Gottesdienstes der Juden und deren Erziehung der Jugend (in German). Breslau. 1813.
  • Ge'ullat Mitzrayim (in Hebrew). Breslau: Leib Zoltzbach. 1815.
  • Yeriʻot Shelomoh: ve-hu be-ur ʻal shemot nirdafim shebi-leshon ʻIvri (in Hebrew). Vol. 2. Rödelheim: Wolf Heidenheim. 1831. hdl:2027/mdp.39015036716549.

References

 This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Singer, Isidore; Kayserling, Meyer (1905). "Pappenheim, Solomon". In Singer, Isidore; et al. (eds.). The Jewish Encyclopedia. Vol. 9. New York: Funk & Wagnalls. p. 512.

  1. ↑ Menges, Franz (2001). "Pappenheimer von Kerstorf, Heinrich Sigmund". Neue Deutsche Biographie. Vol. 20. p. 55.
  2. ↑ Ruiz, Alain (1988). "Heymann (Chaim) Salomon Pappenheimer, Edler von Kerstorf (1769–1832), »Großhändler und Banquier«". In Treml, Manfred; Weigand, Wolf; Brockhoff, Evamaria (eds.). Lebensläufe. Geschichte und Kultur der Juden in Bayern. Vol. 18. Munich: K. G. Saur. pp. 71–75. doi:10.1515/9783111548579.71. ISBN 3-598-07544-8.
  3. ↑ Паппенгейм, Соломон. Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary (in Russian). Vol. 2. St. Petersburg. 1906. p. 376.{{cite encyclopedia}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  4. ↑ Steinschneider, Moritz (1852–60). "Pappenheim (Salomo b. Seligmann)". Catalogus Librorum Hebræorum in Bibliotheca Bodleiana (in Latin). Berlin: A. Friedlaender. p. 2084.
  5. 1 2 Zinberg, Israel (1976). The Berlin Haskalah. A History of Jewish Literature. Translated by Martin, Bernard. Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College Press. pp. 179–182. ISBN 9780870684777.
  6. ↑ Naimark-Goldberg, Natalie (2017). "Salomon Pappenheim and His Writings: Rabbi, Maskil, Aufklärer". In Garber, Zev; Hakak, Lev; Katz, Shmuel (eds.). Ha-Maskil ba-ʻet ha-zot: sefer ha-yovel le-Mosheh Pelʼi. Ha-kibutz ha-meʼuḥad. ISBN 978-965-020-837-0.
  7. ↑ Brocke, Michael; Carlebach, Julius; Wilke, Carsten, eds. (2004). "Pappenheim, Salomon" (PDF). Biographische Handbuch der Rabbiner (in German). Vol. 1. Munich: K. G. Saur. p. 695. ISBN 3-598-24871-7. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2020-07-13. Retrieved 2021-09-13.
  8. ↑ See Krochmalnik, Daniel (2017). "Burial Controversy". In Diner, Dan (ed.). Encyclopedia of Jewish History and Culture Online. Heidelberg. doi:10.1163/2468-8894_ejhc_COM_0080.{{cite encyclopedia}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  9. 1 2 Fürst, Julius (1863). Bibliotheca Judaica: Bibliographisches Handbuch der gesammten jüdischen Literatur (in German). Vol. 3. Leipzig: Verlag von Wilhelm Engelmann. p. 64.
  10. 1 2 Katznelson, J. L.; Ginzburg, Baron D., eds. (1912). "Паппенгейм, Соломон" . Jewish Encyclopedia of Brockhaus and Efron (in Russian). Vol. 12. St. Petersburg: Brockhaus & Efron. p. 277–278.
  11. 1 2  Singer, Isidore; Kayserling, Meyer (1905). "Pappenheim, Solomon". In Singer, Isidore; et al. (eds.). The Jewish Encyclopedia. Vol. 9. New York: Funk & Wagnalls. p. 512.
  12. 1 2 Wolfson, Harry Austryn (1927). "Solomon Pappenheim on Time and Space and His Relation to Locke and Kant". Israel Abraham's Memorial Volume. New York: Press of the Jewish Institute of Religion. pp. 426–440.
  13. ↑ McClintock, John; Strong, James (1887). "Pappenheim, Salomon ben-Seligmann". Cyclopædia of Biblical, Theological and Ecclesiastical Literature. Mc Clintock and Strong cyclopaedia. Vol. 7. New York: Harper & Brothers. pp. 639–640. ISBN 9780837017464.
  14. ↑ Bilderdijk, Willem (1832). Catalogus eener merkwaardige verzameling van boeken en handschriften (in Dutch). Amsterdam: J. Immerzeel, Jr. p. 31.
  15. ↑ Grätz, Heinrich (1870). Geschichte der Juden von den ältesten Zeiten bis auf die Gegenwart (in German). Vol. 11. Leipzig: Oskar Leiner. p. 241.
  16. ↑ Kagan, Elieser (2007). "Pappenheim, Solomon". In Berenbaum, Michael; Skolnik, Fred (eds.). Encyclopaedia Judaica (2nd ed.). Detroit: Macmillan Reference. ISBN 978-0-02-866097-4.
  17. ↑ Zeitlin, William (1890). Bibliotheca hebraica post-Mendelssohniana (in German). Leipzig: K. F. Koehler's Antiquarium. pp. 261–262.
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