Sussex Drive
A graphic representation of a Sussex Drive street sign
Promenade Sussex
A road winds along the edge of a small cliff, with a mid-rise urban area behind it. Several prominent government buildings are located on both sides of the road. A bay of water is at the bottom of the cliff, where the Ottawa and Rideau Rivers meet.
Aerial view of Sussex Street and the Royal Canadian Mint, circa 1920
TypeStreet
Maintained byCity of Ottawa
Length2.4 km (1.5 mi)[1]
LocationOttawa
North endRideau Gate
(continues as Sir George-Étienne Cartier Parkway)
Major
junctions		 Road 99 (King Edward Avenue) to Quebec Autoroute 5 via Macdonald-Cartier Bridge
South endRideau Street

Sussex Drive (French: Promenade Sussex), also known as Ottawa Regional Road 93, is an arterial road in Ottawa, Ontario, the capital of Canada. It is one of the city's main ceremonial and institutional routes. Travelling roughly parallel to the Ottawa River, Sussex Drive begins as a continuation of Sir George-Étienne Cartier Parkway at Rideau Gate, at the entrance to Rideau Hall. It travels south to Rideau Street, with the portion south of St. Patrick Street forming the northbound half of a one-way pair with Mackenzie Avenue. Both Mackenzie Avenue and Sussex Drive connect with Colonel By Drive at their southern end, which continues south alongside the Rideau Canal.

Sussex Drive was laid out as three separately named streets during the establishment of Ottawa in the first half of the 19th century: Sussex Street, between Bolton Street and Rideau Street; Metcalfe Street, between Bolton Street and the Rideau River; and Ottawa Street between the river and Rockcliffe Park. The latter two were renamed as an extension of Sussex Street following Ottawa's annexation of New Edinburgh in 1886. Numerous government institutions were established along Sussex in the early 20th century, and embassies were established following World War II. As a result of the Greber Plan, the road was widened and rebuilt and the buildings along it refurbished throughout the 1950s and 1960s. It was renamed Sussex Drive in November 1953 during a visit by the Queen Mother.

Route description

Known as Canada's ceremonial road,[2][3][4] Sussex Drive is a boulevard through the ByWard Market, Lower Town and New Edinburgh neighbourhoods of Ottawa. A number of landmarks, embassies and institutions line the road, many of which are designated National Historical Sites. In addition, a number of parks and monuments are located throughout the length of the route, several of which overlook the Ottawa River.[1][5] The entire route forms a portion of Confederation Boulevard, a ceremonial route around Ottawa and Gatineau used by foreign dignitaries and during royal visits to Canada.[6] The City of Ottawa, which has jurisdiction over the entire route, classifies Sussex Drive as an urban arterial road throughout its length.[7]

Sussex Drive begins at a traffic circle adjacent to Rockcliffe Park, through which the roadway continues as Sir George-Étienne Cartier Parkway.[8] Adjacent to the traffic circle are Rideau Hall at 1 Sussex Drive, home to the Governor General, the Prime Minister's residence at 24 Sussex Drive directly opposite Rideau Hall, and the High Commission of South Africa. Sussex Drive proceeds south-southwest, parallel to the southern shoreline of the Ottawa River, as a two-lane road with a central raised median or turn lane. The Embassy of France and the Centre for Geography and Exploration bookend the portion of the route through New Edinburgh.[1][6]

Sussex Drive crossing the Rideau River

Widening to four lanes as it crosses the first of the ByTown Bridges over the Rideau River, Sussex Drive passes above Rideau Falls onto Green Island.[9] There the John G. Diefenbaker Building, former Ottawa City Hall, is complemented by the Ottawa Memorial, Mackenzie–Papineau Monument, the National Artillery Monument, and a statue of John McCrae.[10] Crossing the second bridge, the road returns to the mainland in the Lower Town neighbourhood and intersects the northern end of King Edward Avenue, which provides access to Quebec Autoroute 5 in Gatineau via the Macdonald-Cartier Bridge. Surrounding this intersection are the National Research of Canada (NRC) Laboratories as well as the Lester B. Pearson Building, which is home to Global Affairs Canada. The former residence of John A. Macdonald, Earnscliffe, is preserved at 140 Sussex Drive, adjacent to the NRC Labs.[1][6][11]

Crossing over the southern end of the Macdonald-Cartier Bridge, Sussex Drive passes the Delegation of the Ismaili Imamat and the Embassy of Saudi Arabia. It gradually curves south-southeast around the Embassy of Japan before straightening out and travelling between the Royal Canadian Mint and Élisabeth Bruyère Hospital, the first hospital in Ottawa, situated at 43 Bruyère Street.[12] The Global Centre for Pluralism, which opened in the former Canadian War Museum in 2017, and the Embassy of Kuwait immediately follow the previous two buildings on either side of the road. Approaching the ByWard Market, the route passes the Canada School of Public Service at La Salle Academy and the Notre-Dame Cathedral Basilica to the east and the National Gallery of Canada to the west, which features a Maman sculpture in front of the entrance.[1][6]

Looking north on Sussex Drive from the Connaught Building

At the Alexandra Bridge approach, Sussex Drive becomes a northbound one-way arterial road paired with Mackenzie Avenue, which serves southbound traffic. St. Patrick Street and Murray Street, also a one-way pair, provide access to and from the bridge. The four roads combined encircle the Peacekeeping Monument, while Major's Hill Park lies to the southwest of this junction. Entering the ByTown Market along its western edge, Sussex Drive features wall-to-wall storefronts with apartments above them on the east side and the Embassy of the United States on the west side. The Former Geological Survey of Canada Building and Connaught Building sandwich the road at George Street. Sussex Street ends at Rideau Street, where it and Mackenzie Avenue connect with Colonel By Drive south along the eastern bank of the Rideau Canal. The Rideau Centre stands on the southeast corner of the intersection, while the former Union Station which was repurposed into the Senate of Canada Building is on the southwest corner.[1][6] The Daly Building once stood between Sussex and Mackenzie on the north side of Rideau Street, but was demolished in the early 1990s and replaced by a residential condominium in 2005.[13]

Points of interest

Table of addresses and sites along Sussex Drive
Address Point(s) of interest Year built Notes Image
1 Sussex Drive Rideau Hall 1865[14] Official residence of the Governor General of Canada since 1865[14]
15 Sussex Drive High Commission of South Africa 1842[15] Occupied by High Commission of South Africa since 1944[15]
24 Sussex Drive Official Residence of the Prime Minister 1868[16] Expropriated by the Canadian government in 1949[16]
42 Sussex Drive Embassy of France 1939[17]
50 Sussex Drive Centre for Geography and Exploration 2000[18]
– Rideau Falls – Twin curtain waterfalls at the confluence of the Rideau River and Ottawa River
– Ottawa Memorial
Mackenzie–Papineau Monument
National Artillery Monument
statue of John McCrae		 Various Sites are located throughout Green Island
100 Sussex Drive National Research of Canada Laboratories 1932[19]
111 Sussex Drive John G. Diefenbaker Building 1958[20] Government of Canada offices
125 Sussex Drive Lester B. Pearson Building 1973[21] Home to Global Affairs Canada
140 Sussex Drive Earnscliffe 1857[22] Official residence of John A. Macdonald in Ottawa
199 Sussex Drive Delegation of the Ismaili Imamat 2008[23] Aga Khan Foundation
201 Sussex Drive Embassy of Saudi Arabia 2005[24]
255 Sussex Drive Embassy of Japan 1978[25]
320 Sussex Drive Royal Canadian Mint 1908[26]
43 Bruyère Street Élisabeth Bruyère Hospital 1845[12] Original building of Ottawa General Hospital 1845–1980
330 Sussex Drive Global Centre for Pluralism 1906[27] Dominion Archives 1906–1967
Canadian War Museum 1967–2005
Global Centre for Pluralism 2017–present[27]
333 Sussex Drive Embassy of Kuwait 2003[28]
373 Sussex Drive Canada School of Public Service at La Salle Academy 1845[29] Bishop's Palace (1845)
Bytown College (1853)[29]
380 Sussex Drive National Gallery of Canada 1988[30]
385 Sussex Drive Notre-Dame Cathedral Basilica 1846[31]
– Peacekeeping Monument 1992[32] Centred between Sussex Drive, Mackenzie Avenue, St. Patrick Street and Murray Street
– Major's Hill Park 1832[33]
419 Sussex Drive Richard Robinson Fashion Design Academy 1969[34]
431 Sussex Drive Earl of Sussex Pub 1978[35]
475 Sussex Drive Revere Hotel 1846[36] Jeanne D'Arc Institute
490 Sussex Drive Embassy of the United States 1999[37]
543 Sussex Drive Former Geological Survey of Canada Building 1863[38]
550 Sussex Drive Connaught Building 1915[39]
700 Sussex Drive Former Daly Building 1905–1992[13] Condominiums since 2005[13]

History

Sussex Street c. 1865, taken from south of George Street. The Notre-Dame Cathedral Basilica spires are under construction in the background.

Sussex Drive is named after Prince Augustus Frederick, Duke of Sussex (1773–1843), son of King George III, and an early abolitionist.[40][41] It was known as Sussex Street until 1953, when it was renamed during a visit by the Queen Mother. Originally it was the primary road in Ottawa, serving to connect the former Union Station (now the Senate of Canada Building) with the Queen's Wharf at the foot of the Rideau Canal.[42][43] The street continued as Metcalfe Street to New Edinburgh, becoming Ottawa Street at the Nepean–Gloucester boundary along the Rideau River and ending at Rockcliffe Park.[44][45] Sussex Street was built on land acquired by Colonel John By (1779–1836), whom laid out Upper and Lower Bytown,[46] and by Thomas McKay (1792–1855), whom built the locks where the Rideau Canal meets the Ottawa River. McKay gradually purchased over 1,000 acres (400 ha) of land and established New Edinburgh in 1832.[47][48] New Edinburgh was incorporated as a village on August 15, 1866, and annexed by the City of Ottawa in 1886.[49] As a result of this, Metcalfe Street and Ottawa Street were renamed as part of Sussex Street.[44][50]

On the eve of Confederation, Rideau Hall, which was built by McKay, was leased to the government of Canada West in 1865 before being bought outright in 1867.[51] This, along with John A. Macdonald's home Earnscliffe, would establish Sussex Street as the heart of the new capital of Canada.[note 1][6][25] By this time, several of the non-governmental institutions were established along the street, including Ottawa General Hospital (now Élisabeth Bruyère Hospital),[12] Bytown College (now La Salle Academy),[29] Notre-Dame Cathedral,[31] the Former Geological Survey of Canada Building,[38] the Revere Hotel,[36] and what is now 24 Sussex Drive.[16] These buildings, as well as houses, shops and hotels, were built following the passage of the Vesting Act in 1843, which subdivided the land in Lower Town, as well as the arrival of the railway in 1854.[43][52] The ByWard Market was subsequently established over the next half century.[43] During the early 1900s, several notable government institutions were built along Sussex Street, including the Dominion Archives in 1906 (later the Canadian War Museum, now the Global Centre for Pluralism), the Royal Canadian Mint in 1908,[53] and the Connaught Building in 1915.[39] The Daly Building, which opened as a department store in 1905, was purchased by the government in 1921; it was demolished in 1991 after standing vacant for several years.[54]

Rideau Falls c. 1911, with the old iron bridge carrying Sussex Street above

Throughout the mid-20th century, a large portion of Ottawa saw massive gentrification under the Greber Plan,[55] which was produced by Jacques Gréber in 1949 under the direction of Prime Minister Mackenzie King. Although Gréber had been corresponding with King as early as 1936, World War II halted any plans from reaching fruition at that time. Following the war, Gréber was again contacted and his expertise requested. He arrived on October 2, 1945, and began working almost immediately.[56] The Greber Plan, as it came to be known, was released in 1950 and presented to the House of Commons on May 22, 1951.[57] The plan called for the complete reorganization of Ottawa's road and rail network, including numerous parkways and an east to west expressway (The Queensway) along what was then a Canadian National Railway line.[58][59]

The Federal District Commission began implementation of the Greber Plan at the behest of Ottawa mayor Charlotte Whitton in 1953, including several projects along Sussex Street that would remove the street car tracks along it and widen it to four lanes with a central boulevard. The iron bridges over the Rideau River were rebuilt as concrete spans and overhead wires were mostly rerouted underground.[60][61] These projects were completed in anticipation of a visit by the Queen Mother in late 1954, at which point Sussex Street was renamed Sussex Drive. She toured Ottawa in November of that year, officially dedicating the Bytown Bridges, Sussex Drive, and Colonel By Drive on November 16.[62][63]

National Capital Commission

In 1959, following the passage of the National Capital Act the previous year, the National Capital Commission (NCC) was formed. The act replaced the FDC with the NCC and gave it broad ranging powers, including the ability to expropriate land.[64][65] One of the first issues that came before the NCC was the increasing commercialisation of Sussex Drive. In particular, the demolition of the 100 year old Goulden Hotel at the corner of Bruyere Street drew the ire of locals and set forth a movement to preserve the historic character of the road. Consequently, the NCC set forth in 1961 to purchase the remaining properties along Sussex Drive that were over 100 years old and establish a grand Mile of History.[66][67] Architect Peter Stoakes was tasked with uncovering historical records for each property and conducting studies into their current condition. While a number of a buildings were determined to be unfit and demolished, the remainder saw fire exits moved from the street, and facades sand-blasted, painted, and embellished to recreate an 1867 appearance.[68] However, the plan was never fully realised due to a number of a factors, including a shift in government with the election of Lester B. Pearson in 1963, as well as other more urgent priorities such as the Macdonald-Cartier Bridge approaches, Union Station, and Highway 417.[69] Despite this, the NCC purchased every historic property on the road by 1963.[70]

Following the removal of the railways into Union Station in 1966, planning for the Rideau Centre commenced, which would result in several changes to the street network in the ByWard Market.[71][72] Colonel By Drive was extended from Hawthorne Avenue to Rideau Street in 1967, connecting with the southern end of Sussex Drive and Mackenzie Avenue.[73][74][75] In 1973, plans were announced to rebuild the Sussex Drive, Mackenzie Avenue, St. Patrick Street and Murray Street intersections and make the roads into one-way pairs. Murray Street would be extended west of Sussex Drive and Mackenzie Avenue would be realigned to gradually merge into Sussex Drive at St. Andrew Street.[76][77] However, these plans, as well as the Rideau Centre, would be stalled for nearly a decade due to public opposition to various proposals. Work eventually began on both in late 1981.[78][79] Sussex Street and Mackenzie Avenue were reopened as paired one-way streets in July 1982. The intersections with Murray Street and St. Patrick Street were rebuilt again in 1983 in order to remove the wasted triangle of land between Mackenzie Avenue and Sussex Drive north of St. Patrick Street.[80]

A number of nations purchased properties along Sussex Drive throughout the years in order to establish embassies. The Embassy of France and the High Commission of South Africa were both established prior to World War II,[15][81] while Japan and Saudi Arabia both purchased land for their embassies in 1978, although the latter did not open until 2005.[24][25] The American Embassy was opened by US president Bill Clinton on October 8, 1999.[37] The Kuwait Embassy was opened in 2003.[28]

Major intersections

The following table lists the major junctions along Sussex Drive.[1] The entire route is located in Ottawa. 

km[1]miDestinationsNotes
0.000.00Rideau GateContinues north as Sir George-Étienne Cartier Parkway
0.10 0.06 McKay Street
0.800.50 Road 99 (King Edward Avenue) A-5 – Gatineau via Macdonald-Cartier Bridge
1.901.18 Road 44 east (St. Patrick Street) to Gatineau, Quebec via Alexandra BridgeSouthbound traffic detours west to MacKenzie Avenue; two-way street begins
2.001.24 Road 44 west (Murray Street)
2.401.49 Road 34 (Rideau Street) Road 93 (Colonel By Drive) continues south
1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ Ottawa was designated as the capital of the Province of Canada by Queen Victoria ten years prior in 1857.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Google (October 19, 2020). "Sussex Drive – Length and Route" (Map). Google Maps. Google. Retrieved October 19, 2020.
  2. ↑ Cohen, Andrew (October 31, 2006). "Deity of Multiculturalism". Editorial. The Ottawa Citizen. p. A12. Retrieved March 19, 2021.
  3. ↑ Jackman, Peter (June 29, 1967). "Every Canadian Turns to Ottawa". Victoria Daily Times, Centennial Edition. p. 7, Section D. Retrieved March 19, 2021.
  4. ↑ Ebbert, Stephanie (February 14, 2001). "Heated Sidewalks, Theaters, and a Mansion". The Boston Globe. p. A22. Retrieved March 19, 2021.
  5. ↑ "Search Results: Sussex Drive". Directory of Federal Heritage Designations. Parks Canada. Retrieved January 16, 2021.
  6. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "Confederation Boulevard". National Capital Commission. Retrieved January 16, 2021.
  7. ↑ "Schedules E–F; Annex 1". Official Plan (Report). City of Ottawa. May 2003. Retrieved March 13, 2021.
  8. ↑ Disposition 22 (Report). Transportation and Transit Committee. March 20, 2002. Retrieved January 17, 2021.
  9. ↑ Jenkins, Phil (July 25, 2011). "Where the Rivers Meet". The Ottawa Citizen. p. A3. Retrieved January 16, 2021 – via Newspapers.com.
  10. ↑ "Rideau Falls Park and Green Island". National Capital Commission. Retrieved January 16, 2021.
  11. ↑ "Association". Lower Town Community Association. Retrieved January 16, 2021.
  12. 1 2 3 Scott, Cliff. "Health Care in Early Bytown". The Historical Society of Ottawa. Retrieved January 16, 2021.
  13. 1 2 3 Powell, James (June 15, 2020). "Remember This? The Rise and Fall of the Daly Building". City News Ottawa. Retrieved January 16, 2021.
  14. 1 2 Office of the Secretary to the Governor General (September 23, 2017). "Residence". The Governor General of Canada. Retrieved January 16, 2021.
  15. 1 2 3 "Building/Chancery". South African High Commission. Retrieved January 16, 2021.
  16. 1 2 3 "24 Sussex Drive". National Capital Commission. Retrieved January 16, 2021.
  17. ↑ "Ambassadors of France in Canada since 1928". French Embassy in Canada. Retrieved January 16, 2021.
  18. ↑ "50 Sussex Drive". National Capital Commission. Retrieved January 16, 2021.
  19. ↑ "National Research Laboratories, Canada". Nature. 130 (3281): 428. September 1, 1932. doi:10.1038/130428a0.
  20. ↑ Public Services and Procurement (September 19, 2011). "Government of Canada Names the 111 Sussex Drive Building Complex in Honour of Prime Minister John George Diefenbaker". Government of Canada. Retrieved January 16, 2021.
  21. ↑ "Lester B. Pearson Building". Directory of Federal Heritage Designations. Parks Canada. Retrieved January 16, 2021.
  22. ↑ "Earnscliffe National Historic Site of Canada". Canadian Register of Historic Places. Parks Canada. Retrieved January 16, 2021.
  23. ↑ "Inauguration of the Delegation of the Ismaili Imamat in Ottawa, Canada". Aga Khan Foundation. December 6, 2008. Retrieved January 16, 2021.
  24. 1 2 Roston, Margo (December 16, 2016). "Saudi Arabia's Ottawa jewel on Sussex Drive". Diplomat Magazine. Retrieved January 16, 2021.
  25. 1 2 3 Merchant, Malik (November 25, 2013). "Celebrating Sussex Drive, His Highness the Aga Khan and, Five Years On, the Crystalline Delegation of the Ismaili Imamat Building". Simerg. Retrieved January 17, 2021.
  26. ↑ "Royal Canadian Mint History Timeline". The Royal Canadian Mint. Retrieved January 16, 2021.
  27. 1 2 "Global Headquarters". Global Centre for Pluralism. Retrieved January 16, 2021.
  28. 1 2 Prentice, Michael (September 17, 2003). "Saudi Embassy to Stay Empty Until 2005". The Ottawa Citizen. p. F3. Retrieved January 16, 2021 – via Newspapers.com.
  29. 1 2 3 Jones, Danielle (February 26, 2017). "8 – La Salle Academy". 50 Years – 50 Stories. Heritage Ottawa. Retrieved January 16, 2021.
  30. ↑ "Our History". National Gallery of Canada. Retrieved January 16, 2021.
  31. 1 2 "History". Notre Dame Cathedral. Retrieved January 16, 2021.
  32. ↑ "Ottawa Monument in Honour of the Peacekeeper". CBC Radio News. October 8, 1992. Retrieved January 16, 2021.
  33. ↑ Canadian Military Memorials Database (February 20, 2019). "Major's Hill Park". Veterans Affairs Canada. Retrieved January 16, 2021.
  34. ↑ "Art on the Runway". The Ottawa Citizen. June 13, 2011. p. D3. Retrieved January 16, 2021 – via Newspapers.com.
  35. ↑ "About The Earl". Earl of Sussex. Retrieved January 16, 2021.
  36. 1 2 "Revere Building". Directory of Federal Heritage Designations. Parks Canada. Retrieved January 16, 2021.
  37. 1 2 "Remarks at a Dedication Ceremony for the New United States Embassy Building in Ottawa, Canada" (PDF). Administration of William J. Clinton. October 8, 1999. Retrieved January 16, 2021.
  38. 1 2 "Former Geological Survey of Canada Building National Historic Site of Canada". Canadian Register of Historic Places. Parks Canada. Retrieved January 16, 2021.
  39. 1 2 "Connaught Building National Historic Site of Canada". Directory of Federal Heritage Designations. Parks Canada. Retrieved January 16, 2021.
  40. ↑ Turcotte, Bobbi (January 19, 1983). "Sussex Drive: Street Conditions Were Bad Early On". The Ottawa Citizen. p. 28. Retrieved January 17, 2021 – via Newspapers.com.
  41. ↑ Walford, Edward. "St James's Palace Pages 100–122 Old and New London: Volume 4. Originally published by Cassell, Petter & Galpin, London, 1878". British History Online. Retrieved January 17, 2021.
  42. ↑ "Sussex Street Once Ottawa's Main Business Thoroughfare". The Ottawa Citizen. August 18, 1934. p. 28. Retrieved January 16, 2021 – via Newspapers.com.
  43. 1 2 3 "Names and Places on Two Historic Streets; Sussex and Wellington of 40 Years Ago; Many Fine Landmarks Have Disappeared". The Ottawa Citizen. January 9, 1925. p. 17. Retrieved January 16, 2021 – via Newspapers.com.
  44. 1 2 F.R.I. (March 25, 1950). "Mostly Incidental". The Ottawa Citizen – Section 3. p. 30. Retrieved January 16, 2021 – via Newspapers.com.
  45. ↑ "Georeferenced Ottawa Fire Insurance Plans". MacOdrum Library – Carleton University. Retrieved January 16, 2021.
  46. ↑ St. Pierre, Marc. "Lowertown – Evolution of an Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, Neighbourhood in the 1800's". Bytown or Bust – History and Genealogy in the Ottawa area. Retrieved January 17, 2021.
  47. ↑ Serré, Robert. "A Very Brief History of New Edinburgh". New Edinburgh Community Alliance. Retrieved June 18, 2012.
  48. ↑ Mason, Joan (March 26, 2011). "The New Edinburgh Heritage Conservation District is a Success, But Not For Long" (PDF). School of Canadian Studies Heritage Conservation Programme, Carleton University. Retrieved June 18, 2012.
  49. ↑ "22 Years of New Edinburgh". Historynerd.ca. June 29, 2013. Retrieved January 16, 2021.
  50. ↑ "The By-Law Committee". Ottawa Daily Citizen. November 19, 1887. p. 5. Retrieved January 16, 2021 – via Newspapers.com.
  51. ↑ "Onerous Duties Accompany Post of Gov. General". The Ottawa Citizen. April 4, 1940. p. 3. Retrieved January 16, 2021 – via Newspapers.com.
  52. ↑ "Lowertown West Heritage Conservation District". Canadian Register of Historic Places. Parks Canada. Retrieved January 17, 2021.
  53. ↑ Abbott, G.F. (January 16, 1911). Abbott's guide to Ottawa and vicinity. Retrieved January 16, 2021 – via Internet Archive.
  54. ↑ Foley, Dennis (November 22, 1991). "The Daly Debate. Even As It Disappears, Daly Remains Building Some Love, and Some Love to Hate". The Ottawa Citizen. p. B1.
  55. ↑ Deachman, Bruce (July 6, 2015). "Transforming Ottawa: How Jacques Gréber's Plan Forever Changed the Capital, for Better and Worse". The Ottawa Citizen. Retrieved January 17, 2021.
  56. ↑ Gréber, Jacques (1950). Plan for the National Capital (Greber Report) Introduction. Queen's University. Archived from the original on September 26, 2018. Retrieved January 17, 2021.
  57. ↑ Gordon, David (1950). Weaving a Modern Plan for Canada's Capital: Jacques Gréber and the 1950 Plan for the National Capital Region. Queen's University. Archived from the original on September 26, 2018. Retrieved January 17, 2021.
  58. ↑ Gréber, Jacques (1950). Plan for the National Capital (Greber Report) Plate 12. Queen's University. Archived from the original on September 26, 2018. Retrieved January 17, 2021.
  59. ↑ Gréber, Jacques (1950). Plan for the National Capital (Greber Report) Plate 26. Queen's University. Archived from the original on September 26, 2018. Retrieved January 17, 2021.
  60. ↑ "Cabinet Okays $1 Million for Sussex Street Spans". The Ottawa Citizen. September 11, 1953. p. 1. Retrieved January 18, 2021 – via Newspapers.com.
  61. ↑ "Start Paving Sussex Drive". The Ottawa Citizen. May 27, 1954. p. 24. Retrieved January 18, 2021 – via Newspapers.com.
  62. ↑ "Queen Mother May Dedicate New Bridges". The Ottawa Citizen. April 13, 1954. p. 22. Retrieved January 18, 2021 – via Newspapers.com.
  63. ↑ "Huge Crowds Halt Queen's Car After New Bridges Dedicated". The Ottawa Citizen. Vol. 112, no. 117. November 16, 1954. p. 1. Retrieved January 18, 2021 – via Newspapers.com.
  64. ↑ Stephenson, Lindsay. "Stories of Our Past". National Capital Commission. Retrieved January 16, 2021.
  65. ↑ "Role of the National Capital Commission". National Capital Commission. Retrieved January 18, 2021.
  66. ↑ Best, Patrick (September 24, 1959). "Rush to Keep Sussex "Processional Way"". The Ottawa Citizen. Vol. 117, no. 74. p. 1. Retrieved January 18, 2021 – via Newspapers.com.
  67. ↑ Arnott, W.M. (January 20, 1960). "NCC Buying Sussex Sites". The Ottawa Citizen. Vol. 117, no. 172. p. 13. Retrieved January 18, 2021 – via Newspapers.com.
  68. ↑ Harvor, Stig (May 28, 1965). "Old Street with a New Face". The Ottawa Journal. Vol. 80, no. 142. p. 6. Retrieved January 18, 2021 – via Newspapers.com.
  69. ↑ Hume, J.A. (October 1, 1963). "Sussex Mile of History Fading Away". The Ottawa Citizen. Vol. 121, no. 300. p. 1. Retrieved January 18, 2021 – via Newspapers.com.
  70. ↑ Campbell, Norman (July 19, 1963). "Parliament". The Ottawa Citizen. Vol. 121, no. 239. p. 4. Retrieved January 18, 2021 – via Newspapers.com.
  71. ↑ "NCC Blunder – Ottawa Union Station". NCC Watch. Retrieved January 18, 2021.
  72. ↑ "Arts Centre will be City's 'Forum'". The Ottawa Citizen. Vol. 122, no. 726. February 22, 1965. p. 7. Retrieved January 18, 2021 – via Newspapers.com.
  73. ↑ "Names for Two Parkways". The Ottawa Citizen. Vol. 124, no. 213. September 28, 1966. p. 6. Retrieved January 18, 2021 – via Newspapers.com.
  74. ↑ Ottawa, Map No. 31 G/5g (Map). 1:25,000. Department of Energy, Mines and Resources. 1963. Retrieved January 18, 2021.
  75. ↑ Ottawa, Map No. 31 G/5g (Map). 1:25,000. Department of Energy, Mines and Resources. 1971. Retrieved January 18, 2021.
  76. ↑ Jackson, Richard (July 11, 1973). "Gov't to Make Wellington St. Into Parkway". The Ottawa Journal. Vol. 88, no. 178. p. 1. Retrieved January 18, 2021 – via Newspapers.com.
  77. ↑ "The Rideau Area Project Traffic Plan". The Ottawa Journal. October 4, 1980. p. 71. Retrieved January 18, 2021 – via Newspapers.com.
  78. ↑ The Rideau Centre Expansion Planning Rationale – 2.2 Historical Context (PDF) (Report). Lloyd Phillips and Associates. April 5, 2013. p. 19. Retrieved January 18, 2021.
  79. ↑ "Rideau Centre Roadwork Begun". The Ottawa Citizen. September 24, 1981. p. 49. Retrieved January 18, 2021 – via Newspapers.com.
  80. ↑ Jackson, Jennifer (August 4, 1983). "Road to be Realigned for Second Time". The Ottawa Citizen. p. 18. Retrieved January 18, 2021 – via Newspapers.com.
  81. ↑ "Diplomatic Row Seen on Sussex". The Ottawa Citizen. Vol. 118, no. 603. June 17, 1961. p. 7.

Further reading

  • Brault, Lucien (January 16, 1946). Ottawa, Old & New. Ottawa Historical Information Institute. Retrieved June 18, 2012 – via Google Books.
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