In category theory, a branch of mathematics, a symmetric monoidal category is a monoidal category (i.e. a category in which a "tensor product" is defined) such that the tensor product is symmetric (i.e. is, in a certain strict sense, naturally isomorphic to for all objects and of the category). One of the prototypical examples of a symmetric monoidal category is the category of vector spaces over some fixed field k, using the ordinary tensor product of vector spaces.

Definition

A symmetric monoidal category is a monoidal category (C, ⊗, I) such that, for every pair A, B of objects in C, there is an isomorphism called the swap map[1] that is natural in both A and B and such that the following diagrams commute:

  • The unit coherence:
  • The associativity coherence:
  • The inverse law:

In the diagrams above, a, l, and r are the associativity isomorphism, the left unit isomorphism, and the right unit isomorphism respectively.

Examples

Some examples and non-examples of symmetric monoidal categories:

  • The category of sets. The tensor product is the set theoretic cartesian product, and any singleton can be fixed as the unit object.
  • The category of groups. Like before, the tensor product is just the cartesian product of groups, and the trivial group is the unit object.
  • More generally, any category with finite products, that is, a cartesian monoidal category, is symmetric monoidal. The tensor product is the direct product of objects, and any terminal object (empty product) is the unit object.
  • The category of bimodules over a ring R is monoidal (using the ordinary tensor product of modules), but not necessarily symmetric. If R is commutative, the category of left R-modules is symmetric monoidal. The latter example class includes the category of all vector spaces over a given field.
  • Given a field k and a group (or a Lie algebra over k), the category of all k-linear representations of the group (or of the Lie algebra) is a symmetric monoidal category. Here the standard tensor product of representations is used.
  • The categories (Ste,) and (Ste,) of stereotype spaces over are symmetric monoidal, and moreover, (Ste,) is a closed symmetric monoidal category with the internal hom-functor .

Properties

The classifying space (geometric realization of the nerve) of a symmetric monoidal category is an space, so its group completion is an infinite loop space.[2]

Specializations

A dagger symmetric monoidal category is a symmetric monoidal category with a compatible dagger structure.

A cosmos is a complete cocomplete closed symmetric monoidal category.

Generalizations

In a symmetric monoidal category, the natural isomorphisms are their own inverses in the sense that . If we abandon this requirement (but still require that be naturally isomorphic to ), we obtain the more general notion of a braided monoidal category.

References

  1. Fong, Brendan; Spivak, David I. (2018-10-12). "Seven Sketches in Compositionality: An Invitation to Applied Category Theory". arXiv:1803.05316 [math.CT].
  2. Thomason, R.W. (1995). "Symmetric Monoidal Categories Model all Connective Spectra" (PDF). Theory and Applications of Categories. 1 (5): 78–118. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.501.2534.
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