A takhallus (Urdu: تخلّص, Persian: تخلّص, Hindi: तख़ल्लुस), is a pen-name. Pen names were widely adopted by Urdu, Punjabi, Hindi and Persian poets.[1]

Takhallus is an Arabic word which means, literally, "to get liberated" or "become secure;" [2][3] the word has been borrowed in Hindi-Urdu and Punjabi to mean "pen name".[4]

The takhallus is often included in the maqta, last sher (couplet), of the ghazal.[5][6]

History

While ghazal originated in Arabia evolving from Qasida, some of the common features of contemporary ghazal, such as including the takhallus in the maqta, the concept of matla, etc., did not exist in Arabic ghazal. It was Persian ghazal which added these features.[5]

Common Takhallus

List of Takhallus of some Urdu poets:

List of Takhallus of some Persian poets:

for example:
baya janaan inayat kun, tu maulana-e-rumi ra
ghulam-e-shams tabrezam, qalandarwaar mi gardam

See also

References

  1. ↑ Alī, Saiyada Asad (2000). Influence of Islam on Hindi Literature. Idarah-i-Adabiyat-Delli. p. 198.
  2. ↑ "Pseudonym, or takhallus, in Urdu: some interesting facts".
  3. ↑ A Brief History of Persian Literature, by the Iran Chamber Society.
  4. ↑ "तख़ल्लुस". Sufinama. Retrieved 26 August 2020.
  5. 1 2 "The history, art and performance of ghazal in Hindustani sangeet". Daily Times. 2017-12-21. Retrieved 2020-01-18.
  6. ↑ Tamīmʹdārī, Aḥmad (2002). The Book of Iran: A History of Persian Literature : Schools, Periods, Styles and Literary Genres. Alhoda UK. p. 169. ISBN 978-964-472-366-7.
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