Penetration of ARD's Erstes Deutsches Fernsehen (grey) in East Germany. Areas with no reception (black) were jokingly referred to as "Valley of the Clueless" (Tal der Ahnungslosen), while ARD was said to stand for "Außer (except) Rügen und Dresden"

Tal der Ahnungslosen (Valley of the Clueless), in the culture of East Germany, was a sarcastic designation for two regions in the southeast and northeast parts of East Germany that generally were not able to receive television broadcasts from West Germany from the mid-to-late 1950s, including the public broadcasters ARD and ZDF, to early 1990 just prior to German reunification.[1][2]

East Germans used the name ARD with the abbreviation jokingly standing for Außer (except) Rügen und Dresden since the programmes could be seen in all other parts of East Germany, such as Erfurt, Leipzig, Magdeburg, Rostock, and Schwerin. West German television stations were widely considered to be more reliable in their coverage than their Communist East German counterparts, Fernsehen der DDR, and therefore the people who could not receive those stations were thought to be less well informed about the contemporary situation in their country and in the world, despite having access to some Western radio. The West German broadcasters took measures to cover as much of East Germany as possible, building high-powered transmitter sites on the highest ground possible near the border (as well as in West Berlin) and placing ARD on the VHF Band I channels which carried the farthest. Notable in this regard was the transmitter on Ochsenkopf in Bavaria, which covered much of southern East Germany with ARD on VHF channel E4 (61-68 MHz), but required the use of large and conspicuous antennas nicknamed Ochsenkopfantenne for reception.

Tony Judt wrote that by mid-1980s the authorities ran a cable from West Germany to the Dresden area, as he says, "in the wishful belief that if East Germans could watch West German television at home they would not feel the need to emigrate".[3] In fact, a 2009 study of the opened Stasi documents revealed that the dissatisfaction with the regime was recorded higher in the "Valley of the Clueless".[4]

Effects of these media exposure differences have been found to last a decade into German reunification, with those not exposed to Western television broadcasts less inclined to believe that effort rather than luck determines success in life.[5]

See also

References

  1. ↑ "TV in the GDR | Screening Socialism | Loughborough University".
  2. ↑ Mitchener, Brandon (1994-11-09). "East Germany Struggles, 5 Years After Wall Fell". The New York Times.
  3. ↑ Tony Judt, Postwar: A History of Europe Since 1945, 2006, paperback ISBN 0143037757, p. 699.
  4. ↑ Kern, H. L.; Hainmueller, J. (October 2009). "Opium for the masses: How foreign media can stabilize authoritarian regimes". Political Analysis. 17 (4): 377–399. Retrieved March 26, 2023.
  5. ↑ Hennighausen, Tanja (October 2012). Exposure to Television and Individual Beliefs: Evidence from a Natural Experiment (PDF) (Report). Zentrum für Europäische Wirtschaftsforschung GmbH. Discussion Paper No. 12-078.
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