Tasman District
Te Tai o Aorere
Maruia Falls
Maruia Falls
Tasman District in New Zealand
Tasman District in New Zealand
Coordinates: 41°30′S 172°48′E / 41.5°S 172.8°E / -41.5; 172.8
CountryNew Zealand
DistrictTasman District
Wards
  • Golden Bay
  • Motueka
  • Moutere-Waimea
  • Richmond
  • Lakes-Murchison
Community boards
  • Golden Bay
  • Motueka
Formed1992
SeatRichmond
Government
  MayorTim King
  Territorial authorityTasman District Council
Area
  Total9,616.36 km2 (3,712.90 sq mi)
Population
 (June 2023)[2]
  Total59,400
  Density6.2/km2 (16/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+12 (NZST)
  Summer (DST)UTC+13 (NZDT)
Postcode(s)
ISO 3166 codeNZ-TAS
HDI (2021)0.927[3]
very high · 7th
Websitewww.tasman.govt.nz

Tasman District (Māori: Te Tai o Aorere) is a local government district in the northwest of the South Island of New Zealand. It borders the Canterbury Region, West Coast Region, Marlborough Region and Nelson City. It is administered by the Tasman District Council, a unitary authority, which sits at Richmond, with community boards serving outlying communities in Motueka and Golden Bay / Mohua. The city of Nelson has its own unitary authority separate from Tasman District, and together they comprise a single region in some contexts, but not for local government functions or resource management (planning) functions.

Name

Tasman Bay, the largest indentation in the north coast of the South Island, was named after Dutch seafarer, explorer and merchant Abel Tasman. He was the first European to discover New Zealand on 13 December 1642 while on an expedition for the Dutch East India Company. Tasman Bay passed the name on to the adjoining district, which was formed in 1989 largely from the merger of Waimea and Golden Bay counties.

History

According to tradition, the Māori waka Uruao brought ancestors of the Waitaha people to Tasman Bay in the 12th century. Archaeological evidence suggests that early Māori settlers explored the region thoroughly, settling mainly along the coast where there was ample food.

The succession of tribes into the area suggests considerable warfare interrupted the settlement process. Around 1828, Ngāti Toa (under Te Rauparaha) and the allied northern tribes of Ngāti Rārua and Ngāti Tama started their invasion of the South Island. They took over much of the area from Farewell Spit to the Wairau River.

British immigrant ships from England arrived in Nelson in 1842 and European settlement of the region began under the leadership of Captain Arthur Wakefield. From 1853 to 1876, the area of the present-day Tasman District formed part of Nelson Province.

In the 1850s, agriculture and pastoral farming started and villages developed on the Waimea Plains and at Motueka. In 1856, the discovery of gold near Collingwood sparked New Zealand's first gold rush. Significant reserves of iron ore were found at Onekaka, where an ironworks operated during the 1920s and 1930s.

Fruit-growing started at the end of the 19th century. By 1945, it was making a significant contribution to the local economy, and that importance continues today.

As an administrative unit of local government, the Tasman District formed in 1989 within the Nelson-Marlborough Regional Council. The Tasman District Council became a unitary authority in 1992.

Geography

Tasman District is a large area at the western corner of the north end of the South Island of New Zealand. It covers 9,616 square kilometres and is bounded on the west by the Matiri Ranges, Tasman Mountains and the Tasman Sea.

To the north, Tasman and Golden Bays form its seaward edge, and the eastern boundary extends to the edge of Nelson city, and includes part of the Spencer Mountains and the Saint Arnaud and Richmond Ranges. The Victoria Ranges form Tasman's southern boundary and the district's highest point is Mount Franklin, at 2,340 metres.

The landscape is diverse, from large mountainous areas to valleys and plains, and is sliced by such major rivers as the Buller, Motueka, Aorere, Tākaka and Wairoa. The limestone-rich area around Mount Owen and Mount Arthur is notable for its extensive cave networks, among them New Zealand's deepest caves at Ellis Basin and Nettlebed. There is abundant bush and bird life, golden sand beaches, the unique 40-kilometre sands of Farewell Spit, and good fishing in the bays and rivers. These assets make the district a popular destination for tourists.

Tasman is home to three national parks: Abel Tasman National Park (New Zealand's smallest at 225.41 km2), Nelson Lakes National Park (1,017.53 km2) and Kahurangi National Park (4,520 km2).

The Maruia Falls, 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) southwest of Murchison, were created by the 1929 Murchison earthquake when a slip blocked the original channel.

Demography

Tasman District covers 9,616.36 km2 (3,712.90 sq mi)[1] and had an estimated population of 59,400 as of June 2023,[2], representing 1.1% of New Zealand's population. The population density was 6.2 people per km2.

Historical population
YearPop.±% p.a.
199134,026    
199637,974+2.22%
200141,352+1.72%
200644,625+1.54%
201347,157+0.79%
201852,389+2.13%
Source: [4][5]
A map showing population density in Tasman District and Nelson City at the 2006 census.

Tasman District had a population of 52,389 at the 2018 New Zealand census, an increase of 5,232 people (11.1%) since the 2013 census, and an increase of 7,764 people (17.4%) since the 2006 census. There were 19,545 households, comprising 26,028 males and 26,361 females, giving a sex ratio of 0.99 males per female. The median age was 46.0 years (compared with 37.4 years nationally), with 9,534 people (18.2%) aged under 15 years, 7,626 (14.6%) aged 15 to 29, 24,258 (46.3%) aged 30 to 64, and 10,974 (20.9%) aged 65 or older.

Ethnicities were 92.6% European/Pākehā, 8.7% Māori, 1.6% Pasifika, 2.8% Asian, and 2.0% other ethnicities. People may identify with more than one ethnicity.

The percentage of people born overseas was 18.8, compared with 27.1% nationally.

Although some people chose not to answer the census's question about religious affiliation, 58.7% had no religion, 30.2% were Christian, 0.3% had Māori religious beliefs, 0.3% were Hindu, 0.1% were Muslim, 0.9% were Buddhist and 1.8% had other religions.

Of those at least 15 years old, 7,479 (17.5%) people had a bachelor's or higher degree, and 8,394 (19.6%) people had no formal qualifications. The median income was $28,800, compared with $31,800 nationally. 5,637 people (13.2%) earned over $70,000 compared to 17.2% nationally. The employment status of those at least 15 was that 20,061 (46.8%) people were employed full-time, 7,623 (17.8%) were part-time, and 1,038 (2.4%) were unemployed.[4]

The main iwi represented in the wider Tasman region are Ngati Rarua, Ngati Tama (Golden Bay / Mohua and Tasman Bay), Te Atiawa, Ngati Koata, Ngati Kuia (eastern Tasman Bay) and the Poutini Ngāi Tahu (southern areas).

In Tasman District, German is the second most-spoken language after English, whereas in most regions of New Zealand Māori is the second most-spoken language.[6]

Famous former residents include the "father of nuclear physics" Sir Ernest Rutherford, former Prime Ministers Bill Rowling and Sir Keith Holyoake, and Sir Michael Myers, Chief Justice of New Zealand 1929–1946.

Urban areas and settlements

The Tasman District has six towns with a population over 1,000. Together, they are home to 59.9% of the district's population.[2]

Urban area Population
(June 2023)[2]
 % of region
Richmond 19,200 32.3%
Motueka 8,320 14.0%
Wakefield 2,680 4.5%
Brightwater 2,370 4.0%
Tākaka 1,390 2.3%
Māpua 1,630 2.7%

Other towns and settlements include the following:

    Individual wards
    NameArea (km2)PopulationDensity (per km2)HouseholdsMedian ageMedian income
    Golden Bay Ward2,588.345,2262.022,12749.0 years$25,300
    Lakes-Murchison Ward5,577.113,7260.671,47346.3 years$29,200
    Moutere-Waimea Ward965.4014,06114.565,12445.7 years$32,900
    Motueka Ward381.9812,63633.084,59945.7 years$25,900
    Richmond Ward103.5316,734161.636,22545.6 years$29,800
    New Zealand37.4 years$31,800

    Government

    Tasman District Council (unitary authority) headquarters are at Richmond, close to the adjoining Nelson City, which is 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) further north. The head of local government is the mayor. Community Boards exist to serve outlying areas in Motueka and Golden Bay.

    Economy

    The sub-national GDP of the Nelson region (Tasman District and Nelson City) was estimated at US$2.343 billion in 2003, 2% of New Zealand's national GDP.[7]

    References

    1. 1 2 "ArcGIS Web Application". statsnz.maps.arcgis.com. Retrieved 10 March 2022.
    2. 1 2 3 4 "Subnational population estimates (RC, SA2), by age and sex, at 30 June 1996-2023 (2023 boundaries)". Statistics New Zealand. Retrieved 25 October 2023. (regional councils); "Subnational population estimates (TA, SA2), by age and sex, at 30 June 1996-2023 (2023 boundaries)". Statistics New Zealand. Retrieved 25 October 2023. (territorial authorities); "Subnational population estimates (urban rural), by age and sex, at 30 June 1996-2023 (2023 boundaries)". Statistics New Zealand. Retrieved 25 October 2023. (urban areas)
    3. "Sub-national HDI – Area Database – Global Data Lab". hdi.globaldatalab.org. Retrieved 2023-02-18.
    4. 1 2 "Statistical area 1 dataset for 2018 Census". Statistics New Zealand. March 2020. Tasman District (051). 2018 Census place summary: Tasman District
    5. "2001 Census: Regional summary". archive.stats.govt.nz. Retrieved 2020-04-28.
    6. "Ethnic group (detailed total response – level 3) and languages spoken by sex, for the census usually resident population count, 2006, 2013, and 2018 Censuses (RC, TA, SA2, DHB)". Statistic New Zealand. Retrieved 21 August 2016.
    7. "Regional Gross Domestic Product". Statistics New Zealand. 2007. Retrieved 18 February 2010.
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