Broad-leaved pepperbush
Tasmannia purpurascens near Mount Barrington, Australia
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Magnoliids
Order: Canellales
Family: Winteraceae
Genus: Tasmannia
Species:
T. purpurascens
Binomial name
Tasmannia purpurascens
Synonyms

* Drimys purpurascens (Vickery)

Tasmannia purpurascens, commonly known as the broad-leaved pepperbush or purple pepperbush is a shrub in the primitive family Winteraceae and is only found growing in the Barrington Tops and Ben Halls Gap regions of New South Wales. It is locally abundant in a restricted subalpine habitat with a high rainfall, often growing in the ecotone in association with Antarctic Beech.

Tasmannia purpurascens habit, in the Barrington Tops National Park

Description

Tasmannia purpurascens usually grows to a height of 1–3 m (3–10 ft) with a woody stem, purplish new growth and branchlets. The leaves are egg-shaped with a rounded tip, mostly 8–18 cm (3–7 in) long and 30–50 mm (1–2 in) wide. They are glabrous with a purplish base, lack a distinct petiole and have a raised midrib on the lower surface. Creamy-white flowers about 25 mm (1 in) wide and arranged in umbels appear in November. The flowers are either male or female but occur on the same plant. There are two petals 8–12 mm (0.3–0.5 in) long and female flowers have an ovary about 2 mm (0.08 in) long. Fleshy, purplish-black, oval-shaped berries around 10–15 mm (0.4–0.6 in) long are seen around Easter time.[1][2]

Taxonomy and naming

The broad-leaved pepperbush was first formally described in 1937 by Joyce Vickery who gave it the name Drimys purpurascens and published the description in Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales.[3][4] In 1969, Albert Smith transferred the species to Tasmannia based on its chromosome number of 13, compared to 43 in most others in Drimys.[5][6] The specific epithet (purpurascens) is derived from the Latin word purpureus meaning "purple"[7]: 643  with the suffix -escens meaning "becoming"[7]: 135  referring to the reddish-purple base of the midvein.[2]

The genus Tasmannia is of interest to scientists as these plants are some of the most primitive of all angiosperms. They have a primitive flowering structure and the wood is similar to that of conifers, in that it lacks vessels.[8]

In common with other members of the genus, it is sometimes known as "pepperbush" because of the spicy fruits and seeds which have been used to flavour food.

Distribution and habitat

Tasmannia purpurascens grows in forests with Antarctic beech and eucalypt species, at altitudes of 1,200–1,520 m (4,000–5,000 ft). It is abundant in the Ben Halls Gap and Barrington Tops National Parks, growing where it sometimes snows and where frosts are common in winter.[1][2]

Conservation

Tasmannia purpurascens was previously listed as "Vulnerable" under the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 but was delisted in 2013. It remains listed as "vulnerable" in New South Wales.[9]

Use in horticulture

This plant is difficult to propagate from seed but readily propagated from cuttings taken in early autumn. Its slow growth, attractive appearance and resistance to pests make it useful as an indoor plant.[2]

References

  1. 1 2 Harden, Gwen J. "Tasmannia purpurascens". Royal Botanic Garden Sydney. Retrieved 25 December 2017.
  2. 1 2 3 4 Casey, Brian. "Tasmannia purpurascens". Australian National Botanic Garden. Retrieved 25 December 2017.
  3. ↑ "Drimys purpurascens". APNI. Retrieved 25 December 2017.
  4. ↑ Vickery, Joyce W. (1937). "Two new species and one new variety of Drimys Forst., with notes on the species of Drimys and Bubbia van Tiegh. of south-eastern Australia and Lord Howe Island". Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales: 78–80. Retrieved 25 December 2017.
  5. ↑ "Tasmannia purpurascens". APNI. Retrieved 25 December 2017.
  6. ↑ Smith, Albert C. (1969). "A reconsideration of the genus Tasmannia (Winteraceae)". Taxon. 18 (3): 286–290. doi:10.2307/1218830. JSTOR 1218830.
  7. 1 2 Brown, Roland Wilbur (1956). The Composition of Scientific Words. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press.
  8. ↑ Adam, Paul (1987). New South Wales rainforests : the nomination for the world heritage list. Sydney: National Parks and Wildlife Service of N.S.W. p. 77. ISBN 0-7305-2075-7.
  9. ↑ "Advice to the Minister for the Environment from the Threatened Species Scientific Committee (the Committee) on Amendment to the list of Threatened Species under the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act)" (PDF). Australian Government Department of the Environment. Retrieved 25 December 2017.
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