51°20′49″N 2°14′50″W / 51.3469°N 2.24734°W / 51.3469; -2.24734

The Hall, south front

The Hall, at times known as Kingston House and The Duke's House, is a Grade I listed Jacobean mansion in Bradford-on-Avon, Wiltshire, England.

History

The Hall was built around 1610 for John Hall, a wealthy mill owner, and is at the east end of the town.[1][2][3] The Hall family of Bradford can be traced back to at least the 13th century, under the name of "De Aulâ" or "De la Sale" (salle being french for hall). John Hall's grandson, also named John Hall, had no legitimate children and left his estate to his great-niece Rachel Baynton. She later married William Pierrepont, who became Duke of Kingston-upon-Hull, giving the house its alternate names. After the second Duke died without issue, the house was sold to Thomas Divett, in 1802, who established a woollen mill, and sublet the house, which fell into disrepair. In 1848, the house was sold to Stephen Moulton, who undertook major restorations. During the restoration, many old documents were discovered, which were catalogued by Canon J.E.Jackson.[4]

Architecture

The Hall, in particular the south front, is notable for having "more glass than wall".[1] Not all contemporaries approved of the style. Francis Bacon in On Building refers to "fair houses so full of glass that one cannot tell where to become to be out of the sun or cold".[5][6] The architect is not known. Similarities of style to Longleat, not far away and built about 30 years earlier, have led to suggestions that Robert Smythson may have been involved in the design.[6]

The building sits high on a terrace. The south front has three projecting bays of two stories, with gables above. The outer two bays are wider than the central one, and have semi-circular projections. Open rings above the bays form a kind of balustrade. The terrace has a balustrade with a central staircase, leading to the main doorway of the house, which has a round arch, flanking Tuscan columns, and scroll-work above. Inside, the ceilings are high, and there are a number of Jacobean chimney-pieces and moulded plaster ceilings.

Gardens

The house stands in grounds of some 3.5 acres (1.4 ha), which were landscaped in the mid-19th century and recorded at Grade II on the National Register of Historic Parks and Gardens in 1987. John Moulton, the younger son of Stephen Moulton who inherited the estate in 1894, carried out extensive improvements and added many plants and trees. Further improvements were made from the 1960s by John's grandson Alex Moulton, who used the north-east corner of the site for his Moulton bicycle works.[7][8]

The landscaping is in several sections. Just east of the house, a square lawn is surrounded by a clipped yew hedge. To the west, a path across another lawn leads to a small stone temple, probably 19th-century, having a triangular pediment supported by two Doric columns.[9] South of the house is a large Grade II* listed balustraded terrace with 18th-century stonework, added to in the 19th century.[10] In the far south is an octagonal building in rubble stone, from the late 18th century or early 19th; originally a dovecote, it was later an entrance lodge and is now a dwelling.[11] The eastern parts of the grounds are informal pleasure gardens, with stables (created from a barn by Harold Brakspear in 1901–02)[2] and a paddock;[7] here is another small temple, probably from the 18th century, with four Tuscan columns.[12]

Assessment

The Hall has been highly regarded from its early days to the present. John Aubrey (1670) described it as "the best built house for the quality of a gentleman in Wiltshire".[4] W. J. Loftie in 1893 called it the most perfect of the smaller houses in the "second Elizabethan" style. [15] The house was selected as the model for the pavilion which was built for the 1900 Exhibition in Paris.[14][16]

The house was designated as Grade I listed in 1954.[17] Pevsner and Cherry (1975) refer to it as of national importance.[18]

Present day

After the death in 2012 of Alex Moulton, great-grandson of Stephen Moulton, under the terms of his will the house – along with investments, land, outbuildings and cottages – was gifted to a charitable trust.[19] In 2020 the trust was reorganised as a charitable incorporated organisation, the Alex Moulton Charitable Trust,[20] which continues to preserve and maintain the Hall and its collections, and promote engineering and design.[19] The trust runs occasional tours of the building and holds events in the grounds.[21]

References

  1. 1 2 Oswald, Arthur (1962). "The Hall, Bradford-on-Avon - I". Country Life. 132 (3423): 840–844. ISSN 0045-8856.
  2. 1 2 Orbach, Julian; Pevsner, Nikolaus; Cherry, Bridget (2021). Wiltshire. The Buildings Of England. New Haven, US and London: Yale University Press. pp. 172–173. ISBN 978-0-300-25120-3. OCLC 1201298091.
  3. ↑ Gomme, Andor Harvey; Maguire, Alison (2008). Design and Plan in the Country House: From Castle Donjons to Palladian Boxes. Yale University Press. pp. 207–208. ISBN 978-0-300-12645-7.
  4. 1 2 3 Jackson, J.E. (1854). "Kingston House, Bradford". Wiltshire Archaeology and Natural History Magazine. 1: 265–302.
  5. ↑ Bacon, Francis (1909). Essays, civil and moral. New York: P.F. Collier and Son. pp. 114–117.
  6. 1 2 Oswald, Arthur (1962). "The Hall, Bradford-on-Avon - II". Country Life. 132 (3424): 900–904. ISSN 0045-8856.
  7. 1 2 Historic England. "The Hall, Bradford-on-Avon: Park and Garden (1001233)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 7 May 2022.
  8. ↑ Oswald, Arthur (1962). "The Hall, Bradford-on-Avon - III". Country Life. 132 (3425): 1020–1023. ISSN 0045-8856.
  9. ↑ Historic England. "Garden seat with Portico in grounds to west of the Hall (1300720)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 7 May 2022.
  10. ↑ Historic England. "Terraces with ornamental balustrades and steps to south of the Hall, including retaining walls running to east and west and garden wall with gatepiers to east side of terraces (1036053)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 7 May 2022.
  11. ↑ Historic England. "6, Kingston Road (1200610)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 7 May 2022.
  12. ↑ Historic England. "Garden seat with Portico in grounds to east of the Hall (1036054)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 7 May 2022.
  13. 1 2 Richardson, Charles James (1837). Observations on the Architecture of England During the Reigns of Queen Elizabeth and King James I. &c. &c. J. Weale. OCLC 1008320177.
  14. 1 2 Tipping, H.A. (1900). Gardens, old and new; the country house & its garden environment. Volume 1. London: Country Life. pp. 211–214.
  15. ↑ Loftie, William John (1893). Inigo Jones and Wren: Or, The Rise and Decline of Modern Architecture in England. Rivington, Percival & Company. OCLC 1000939204.
  16. ↑ Allwood, John (1977). The Great Exhibitions. Studio Vista. p. 99. ISBN 978-0-289-70792-0.
  17. ↑ Historic England. "The Hall, Holt Road (1200529)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 4 December 2021.
  18. ↑ Pevsner, Nikolaus; Cherry, Bridget (1975). The Buildings of England: Wiltshire (2 ed.). Harmondsworth: Penguin. pp. 135–136. ISBN 0140710264.
  19. 1 2 "The Alex Moulton Charitable Trust: Accounts and Trustees' Report". Charity Commission. 31 December 2020. p. 1. Retrieved 7 May 2022.
  20. ↑ "The Alex Moulton Charitable Trust, registered charity no. 5151483". Charity Commission for England and Wales.
  21. ↑ "Alex Moulton Charitable Trust". Retrieved 7 May 2022.

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