Theos
Formation2006 (2006)
TypeThink tank
Legal statusCharity
Location
  • Westminster, London, UK
Director
Chine McDonald
Staff
15
Websitewww.theosthinktank.co.uk

Theos (from the Greek: Θεός, theós, "God") is a Christian religion and society think tank researching the relationship between religion, politics and society in the contemporary world. Theos aims to impact opinion around issues of faith and belief in society through research, publications, media engagement, podcasts, animated videos, and events such as debates, seminars and lectures. Theos is headquartered in the United Kingdom in Westminster, London.

Theos maintains an ecumenical position, committed to the traditional creeds of the Christian faith. In addition, it also works with many non-Christian and non-religious individuals and organisations.

History

Early years: 2006-2011

Theos was launched in November 2006 with the support of the then Archbishop of Canterbury, Rowan Williams, and the Catholic Archbishop of Westminster, Cardinal Cormac Murphy-O'Connor. Its first Director was Paul Woolley.

Theos believes that religion is a significant force in public life and should have an active role in public debate. The think tank argues that Christianity has played a seminal role in the formation of British, and Western, politics and ideas.[1] Theos believes faith is “not just important for human flourishing and the renewal of society, but that society can only truly flourish if faith is given the space to do so.”[2]

Opposing the idea that politicians ‘don’t do God’,[3] as stated by Alastair Campbell in 2003, Theos’ first research report was titled ‘“Doing God”: A Future for Faith in the Public Space’ and was published on 1 November 2006. Dr Rowan Williams and Cardinal Cormac Murphy O’Connor wrote the foreword to the report, stating that Theos encourages the “reassessment...of the importance of faith to individuals and society...by increasing public understanding of faith and its contribution to public life”.[4]

As part of Theos' “Rescuing Darwin” project, it commissioned the play "Mr Darwin's Tree" from the Christian playwright Murray Watts, to explore "Darwin's questions about his science, himself, God and suffering"[5][6] The think tank also donated £50 to the Atheist Bus Campaign in 2009, finding it a way to encourage people to consider the question of God.[7]

In its first years, the think tank produced reports on faith in areas of public life on sports,[8] multiculturalism,[9] Christmas,[10] and politics.[11] Its "Rescuing Darwin" project, which coincided with the 200th anniversary of Charles Darwin's birth, explored the extent and nature of evolutionary and non-evolutionary beliefs in the UK and their perceived relationship with theism and atheism.[12] The project included an essay on Darwinism and theism in modern Britain, an extended interview with philosopher Mary Midgley, a "spiritual biography" of Charles Darwin, and two independent research studies conducted by polling company Savanta (then ComRes) and ethnographic social research agency ESRO. [13][14][15][16]

2011-2021

In 2011, Elizabeth Oldfield became the Director of Theos, succeeding Paul Woolley. Under Oldfield’s leadership, Theos sought to promote informed and depolarised conversations about faith in society, with a focus on the belief that humans thrive in relationships of mutual dependence. Theos also expanded its network by collaborating with individuals from various fields, including academics, musicians, actors, and authors.

The think tank launched two ongoing podcasts, ‘The Sacred’ and ‘Reading Our Times’, which serve as platforms for discussing faith and current issues.

In this second phase of its history, Theos released reports on social issues, and on the topics of community,[17][18] work,[19] and social innovation.[20] The research report "Religious London: Faith in a Global City" published in 2020 discussed the role of religion in public life.[21] Its findings were reported in The Guardian, BBC News, The Telegraph, The Times and The Independent.[22][23]

2022 onwards

Chine McDonald, a writer, broadcaster and public theologian, became the Director of Theos in January 2022, succeeding Elizabeth Oldfield. Prior to this role, she worked as a journalist and held communications and fundraising roles in various organisations, including Christian Aid. McDonald is also the author of the book God Is Not a White Man and regularly appears as a commentator on religion and ethics programs, including as a presenter of BBC Radio 4's “Thought for the Day.”[24][25][26]

Since 2022, Theos has published works including “The Nones: Who are they and what do they believe?”[27] and “A Torn Safety Net: How the Cost of Living Crisis Threatens Its Own Last Line of Defence”,[28] produced in partnership with the Church Urban Fund, with a joint foreword by former Archbishop of Canterbury Dr Rowan Williams and former UK Prime Minister Gordon Brown.

Media

Theos has been featured in mainstream media outlets, including articles for publications UnHerd,[29] The Guardian,[30] The Economist, the Financial Times,[31] Prospect,[32] Yorkshire Post, Church Times,[33] Christianity Today,[34] and Comment Magazine.[35] Senior Fellow Nick Spencer hosted a BBC Radio 4 series entitled The Secret History of Science and Religion.[36] Additionally, Theos' work has been extensively quoted in media outlets, including The Washington Post, The New Statesman,[37] The Telegraph,[38] The Times,[39] The Spectator,[40] BBC,[41] BBC 4, BBC 5, and multiple local BBC stations.

Nick Spencer's book, Magisteria: The Entangled Histories of Science & Religion, published in 2023, has received acclaim in New Scientist, Prospect, the Financial Times and the Times Literary Supplement.[42]

The think tank has also collaborated with animation director Emily Downe on several short animations on the topics of science and religion and on exploring the concept of 'worldviews', as well as for the think tank's podcast 'The Sacred'.[43][44][45]

Criticism

British philosopher and author A.C. Grayling has been a critic of the organisation. In his book The God Argument: The Case Against Religion and for Humanism, published in 2013, Grayling devoted a chapter to criticising Theos and its research, arguing that the organisation was conservative and criticising it for what he saw as a lack of transparency in its funding and for its association with conservative Christian organisations.[46] Overall, Grayling's criticism of Theos was part of his wider argument for the separation of religion and state and the promotion of secular humanism as an alternative worldview.

Podcasts

The Sacred

Live recording of The Sacred featuring Richard Ayoade and Lydia Fox, September 2019

The Sacred is a podcast produced by Theos, which is hosted by Elizabeth Oldfield, the former director of the think tank. The podcast explores the things people hold sacred in the broadest sense, including guests' deep principles or values to live by.[47]

The podcast has been releasing episodes since late 2017 and has featured a range of guests from various backgrounds, including academics, journalists, actors, musicians, and politicians. Some notable guests have included Justin Welby, Lord Charles Moore, Ash Sarkar, Rabbi Jonathan Sacks, Dame Prue Leith, Sally Phillips, Richard Ayoade, Nick Cave, and Rainn Wilson.[48]

On 11 September 2019, Theos held a live podcast recording of The Sacred at Curzon Bloomsbury in London, featuring an interview with Richard Ayoade and Lydia Fox. After a break during the COVID-19 pandemic, the podcast has resumed its annual live podcast recordings as of April 2023, with an interview featuring guest Oliver Burkeman.[49]

Reading Our Times

Reading Our Times is a podcast produced by Theos and hosted by Nick Spencer. The podcast aims to explore the books and ideas that are shaping contemporary society and thinking.The guests on the podcast are authors from across the anglosphere, who discuss a range of issues with the host, including meritocracy, justice, populism, human rights, the brain, liberalism, and religion.

Guests who have appeared on the podcast in the past include Thomas Piketty, Marilynne Robinson, Lord Jonathan Sumption, Michael Sandel, Margaret Macmillan, Charles Taylor, Minouche Shafik, Martin Rees, Rowan Williams, Iain McGilchrist, Maryanne Wolf, Alan Rusbridger, and Stefan Dercon.[50]


Annual lectures

Sally Phillips standing at a pulpit with the Theos logo giving a lecture
Sally Phillips delivering the 2019 Theos Annual lecture at King's Place, London

The think tank has held annual lectures in venues around London with British public figures since its third year of existence.

Speaker Topic Date and venue
Dr Kathryn Mannix Dying for beginners: how understanding death can help us to live better 01/11/2023 at 1 Wimpole Street
Tom Holland Humanism: a Christian heresy 23/11/2022 at Conway Hall
Dr Willie Jennings Reimagining Western Education in a Time of Racial Crisis 10/11/2021 online
Prof Michael Sandel The Tyranny of Merit 08/09/2020 online
Sally Phillips Human Dignity, Different Lives & the Illusions of Choice 29/11/2019 at King’s Place
Michael Gove When will there be a harvest for the world? 22/11/2018 at Institute of Directors
Tim Farron What Kind of Liberal Society Do We Want? 28/11/2017 at The Law Society
Prof Terry Eagleton The Death of God and the War on Terror 05/10/2016 at One Birdcage Walk
Baroness Onora O’Neill Freedom of religion and freedom of expression 19/10/2015 at the Inner Temple
Prof Will Hutton How Good We Could Be: Morality, Economics and the Future of Britain 24/11/2014 at The Stationers Hall
Rt Revd. Rt Hon Prof Rowan Williams The Person and the Individual: Human Dignity, Human Relationships and Human Limits 01/10/2012 at Methodist Central Hall
General Lord Richard Dannatt The Battle for Hearts and Minds: Morality and Warfare Today 08/11/2011 at One Birdcage Walk
Baron Ian Blair Religion and Public Order 16/11/2010 at One Birdcage Walk
Baron Jonathan Sacks Religion in Twenty–first century Britain 04/11/2009 at Lewis Media Centre
Mark Thompson Faith, Morality and Media 14/10/2008 at Lewis Media Centre

Publications

Books

Books published by Theos staff members
Author Year Title Link
Nicholas Spencer 2023 Magisteria: The Entangled Histories of Science and Religion [42]
Madeleine Pennington 2021 Quakers, Christ and the Enlightenment [51]
Chine McDonald 2021 God Is Not a White Man: And Other Revelations [24]
Simon Perfect 2021 Freedom of Speech in Universities: Islam, Charities and Counter–terrorism [52]
Nathan Mladin 2021 “The question of surveillance capitalism” in The Robot Will See You Now: Artificial Intelligence and the Christian Faith, eds. John Wyatt and Stephen N. Williams [53]
Ben Ryan 2019 How the West was Lost: The Decline of a Myth and the Search for New Stories [54]
Madeleine Pennington 2019 The Christian Quaker: George Keith and the Keithian Controversy [55]
Ben Ryan 2018 Fortress Britain? Ethical approaches to immigration policy for a post-Brexit Britain [56]
Theos Team 2017 The Mighty and the Almighty: How Political Leaders Do God, ed. Nick Spencer [57]
Nick Spencer 2017 The Political Samaritan: How Power Hijacked a Parable [58]
Nick Spencer 2016 The Evolution of the West: How Christianity Shaped Our Values [1]
Nick Spencer 2014 Atheists: The Origin of the Species [59]
Nick Spencer 2009 Darwin and God [16]

Reports

Title of the report Author(s) Year
Love, Grief, and Hope: Emotional responses to death and dying in the UK Madeleine Pennington and Nathan Mladin 2023
Volunteering After the Pandemic: Lessons from the Homelessness Sector Hannah Rich and George Lapshynov 2023
The United Reformed Church: A Paradoxical Church at a Crossroads Nathan Mladin 2023
Ashes to Ashes: Beliefs, Trends, and Practices in Dying, Death, and the Afterlife Marianne Rozario and Lia Shimada 2023
Data and Dignity: Why Privacy Matters in the Digital Age Nathan Mladin 2023
“Beauty is truth”: What’s beauty got to do with science? Nick Spencer 2023
Science and religion: does gender matter? Hannah Waite 2022
The Nones: Who are they and what do they believe? Hannah Waite 2022
A Torn Safety Net: How the cost of living crisis threatens its own last line of defence Hannah Rich 2022
Briefing Paper: The promise of scientific immortality – who wants to live forever? Hannah Waite and Nick Spencer 2022
Reflections on COP26: What Does Theology Have to Offer the Conversation Around the Climate Crisis? Madeleine Pennington 2022
Briefing Paper: Spiritual Silicon – could robots one day have souls? Hannah Waite and Nick Spencer 2022
‘Science and Religion’: Moving away from the shallow end Nick Spencer 2022
Valuing Women: Making women visible Kathryn Hodges 2022
Beyond Left and Right: Finding Consensus on Economic Inequality Hannah Rich 2021
Just Work: Humanising the Labour Market in a Changing World Paul Bickley 2021
Relationships, Presence and Hope: University Chaplaincy during the COVID–19 Pandemic Simon Perfect 2021
The Church and Social Cohesion: Connecting Communities and Serving People Madeleine Pennington 2020
Nurturing social cohesion: how–to guides for churches and policymakers Madeleine Pennington 2020
Growing Good; Growth, Social Action and Discipleship in the Church of England Hannah Rich 2020
Worldviews in Religious Education Trevor Cooling 2020
Cohesive Societies: Faith and Belief Madeleine Pennington 2020
Bridging the Gap: Economic Inequality and Church Responses in the UK Simon Perfect 2020
Religious London: Faith in a Global City Paul Bickley and Nathan Mladin 2020
Growing Good: Growth, Social Action and Discipleship in the Church of England Hannah Rich and Church Urban Fund 2020
Science and Religion: the perils of misperception Nick Spencer 2019
Forgive Us Our Debts: lending and borrowing as if relationships matter Nathan Mladin and Barbara Ridpath 2019
Faith and Belief on Campus: Division and Cohesion Simon Perfect, Kristin Aune and Ben Ryan 2019
Al Manaar Muslim Cultural Heritage Centre, Grenfell, and mosques in Britain today Amy Plender 2019
The Future of Religious Education: Debating Reform Simon Perfect 2018
People, Place, and Purpose: Churches and Neighbourhood Resilience in the North East Paul Bickley 2018
Killing in the Name of God: Addressing Religiously Inspired Violence Robin Gill 2018
Dignity at the end of life: What's Beneath the Assisted Dying Debate? Andrew Grey 2018
After Grenfell: The Faith Groups' Response Amy Plender 2018
That they all may be one:  Insights into Churches Together in England and contemporary ecumenism Nathan Mladin, Rachel Fidler and Ben Ryan 2017
Religion in Public Life: Levelling the Ground Grace Davie 2017
Mapping Chaplaincy in Norfolk Theos Team 2017
Mapping Chaplaincy in Cornwall Theos Team 2017
Doing Good Better: The Case for Faith-Based Social Innovation Paul Bickley 2017
Christianity and Mental Health: Theology, Activities, Potential Ben Ryan 2017
Action of Churches Together in Scotland: A Review Amy Plender and Nathan Mladin 2017
Religion and Well-being: Assessing the Evidence Nick Spencer, Clare Purtill, Gillian Madden and Joseph Ewing 2016
Passing on Faith Olwyn Mark 2016
Keeping the Faith: A Guide for Faith–Based Organisations Theos Team and Centre for Community and Theology 2016
Christian Funders and Grant Making: An Analysis Ben Ryan 2016
Doing Good: A Future for Christianity in the 21st Century Nick Spencer 2016
Catholic Social Thought and Catholic Charities in Britain Today: Need and Opportunity Ben Ryan 2016
A soul for the union Ben Ryan 2016
Who Wants a Christian Coronation? Nick Spencer 2015
The Problem of Proselytism Paul Bickley 2015
The Church and the Charter: Christianity and the forgotten roots of the Magna Carta Thomas Andrew 2015
A Very Modern Ministry: Chaplaincy in the UK Ben Ryan 2015
“Speaking Up”: Defending and Delivering Access to Justice Today Andrew Caplen and David McIlroy 2015
The State of Play Paul Bickley 2014
The Future of Welfare: A Theos Collection Edited by Nick Spencer 2014
Voting and Values in Britain: Does Religion Count? Ben Clements and Nick Spencer 2014
The Case for Christian Humanism: Why Christians should believe in humanism, and humanists in Christianity Angus Ritchie and Nick Spencer 2014
Just Money: How Catholic Social Teaching can Redeem Capitalism Clifford Longley 2014
How to Think about Religious Freedom Nick Spencer 2014
Good neighbours: How Churches Help Communities Flourish Paul Bickley and Church Urban Fund 2014
The Spirit of Things Unseen: Belief in post–religious Britain The Theos Team 2013
More than an educated guess: Assessing the evidence on faith schools Elizabeth Oldfield, Liane Hartnett and Emma Bailey 2013
Making multiculturalism work: Enabling practical action across deep difference David Barclay 2013
Is there a Religious Right emerging in the UK? Andy Walton 2013
Spiritual Capital: The Present and Future of English Cathedrals Nick Spencer and Paul Bickley 2012
Post-religious Britain: The Faith of the Faithless Nick Spencer and Holly Weldin 2012
From goodness to God: Why religion makes sense of our moral commitments Angus Ritchie 2012
Give us our Ball Back: Reclaiming Sport for the Common Good Paul Bickley and Sam Tomlin 2012
The Politics of Christmas Stephen R Holmes 2011
Multiculturalism: a Christian Retrieval Jonathan Chaplin 2011
Turbulent Priests? The Archbishop of Canterbury in contemporary English politics Daniel Gover 2011
Counting on reform: Understanding the AV referendum Paul Bickley and Iona Mylek 2011
Doing God in Education Trevor Cooling 2010
Free to Believe? Religious Freedom in a Liberal Society Roger Trigg 2010
Doubting Darwin: Creationism and evolution scepticism in Britain today Robin Pharoah, Tamara Hale and Becky Rowe 2009
Mapping the field: A review of the current research evidence on the impact of schools with a Christian ethos Dr Elizabeth Green 2009
Discussing Darwin: An extended interview with Mary Midgley Theos Team 2009
The National Lottery: Is it Progressive? Paul Bickley 2009
Religion and Identity: Divided loyalties? Sean Oliver-Dee 2009
Faith and Darwin: Harmony, Conflict, or Confusion? Caroline Lawes 2009
Rescuing Darwin: God and evolution in Britain today Nick Spencer and Denis Alexander 2009
Talking God: The Legitimacy of Religious Public Reasoning Jonathan Chaplin 2008
Neither Private nor Privileged: The Role of Christianity in Britain Today Nick Spencer 2008
Red, White, Blue… and Brown: Citizens, Patriots and the Prime Minister Stephen Backhouse 2007
Coming off the bench: The past, present and future of religious representation in the House of Lords Andrew Partington and Paul Bickley 2007
"Doing God": A Future for Faith in the Public Square Nick Spencer 2006

Funding

Theos, though editorially independent, is a project of the British and Foreign Bible Society, which provides some core funding. The think tank does not receive any funding from the government, corporations or religious denominations, except when conducting consultancy research for them. Theos relies on regular donations from individuals, and its published research is often funded by charitable trusts, such as the William Leech Research Fellowships, the Halley Stewart Trust, Laing Family Trusts and Sainsbury Family Charitable Trusts. The Annual Lecture of the think tank is currently sponsored by CCLA, an investment fund for charities, churches and the public sector, which is owned by its clients.[60]

References

  1. 1 2 Spencer, Nick (2016). The evolution of the West : how Christianity has shaped our values. London. ISBN 978-0-281-07520-1. OCLC 959272654.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  2. ↑ "About Theos - The Public Theology Think Tank | London | UK". 10 December 2006. Archived from the original on 10 December 2006. Retrieved 21 April 2023.
  3. ↑ "Campbell interrupted Blair as he spoke of his faith: 'We don't do God'". www.telegraph.co.uk. Retrieved 21 April 2023.
  4. ↑ ""Doing God": A Future for Faith in the Public Square". Theos Think Tank. Retrieved 21 April 2023.
  5. ↑ "Mr Darwin's Tree premiere". Theos Think Tank. Retrieved 21 April 2023.
  6. ↑ "Mr. Darwin's Tree Home Page". tour. Retrieved 21 April 2023.
  7. ↑ "Theos think tank - News -> Religious think tank welcomes launch of atheist buses". 22 January 2009. Archived from the original on 22 January 2009. Retrieved 21 April 2023.
  8. ↑ Bickley, Paul (1 January 2012). "Give us our Ball Back: Reclaiming Sport for the Common Good" (PDF). Theos Think Tank. Retrieved 21 April 2023.
  9. ↑ Chaplin, Jonathan (8 January 2012). "Multiculturalism: a Christian Retrieval" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 January 2012. Retrieved 21 April 2023.
  10. ↑ "The Politics of Christmas". Theos Think Tank. Retrieved 21 April 2023.
  11. ↑ "Coming off the Bench". Theos Think Tank. Retrieved 21 April 2023.
  12. ↑ "Rescuing Darwin". Theos Think Tank. Retrieved 21 April 2023.
  13. ↑ "Discussing Darwin". Theos Think Tank. Retrieved 21 April 2023.
  14. ↑ "Faith and Darwin". Theos Think Tank. Retrieved 21 April 2023.
  15. ↑ "Doubting Darwin". Theos Think Tank. Retrieved 21 April 2023.
  16. 1 2 Spencer, Nick (2009). Darwin and God. London: SPCK. ISBN 978-0-281-06082-5. OCLC 316823490.
  17. ↑ "Good Neighbours: How Churches Help Communities Flourish". Theos Think Tank. Retrieved 21 April 2023.
  18. ↑ "The Church and Social Cohesion: Connecting Communities and Serving People". Theos Think Tank. Retrieved 21 April 2023.
  19. ↑ "Just Work: Humanising the Labour Market in a Changing World'". Theos Think Tank. Retrieved 21 April 2023.
  20. ↑ "Doing Good Better: The Case for Faith–based Social Innovation". Theos Think Tank. Retrieved 21 April 2023.
  21. ↑ "Religious London". Theos Think Tank. Retrieved 21 April 2023.
  22. ↑ Heath, Allister (5 April 2023). "This can be the beginning of the end of Sadiq Khan's nightmarish misrule". The Telegraph. ISSN 0307-1235. Retrieved 21 April 2023.
  23. ↑ Sherwood, Harriet (23 June 2020). "London more religious than rest of Britain, report finds". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 21 April 2023.
  24. 1 2 McDonald, Chine (2021). God is not a white man (and other revelations). London. ISBN 978-1-5293-4907-8. OCLC 1242787965.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  25. ↑ "BBC Radio 4 - Thought for the Day, Chine McDonald". BBC. Retrieved 21 April 2023.
  26. ↑ "BBC Radio 4 - Thought for the Day, Chine McDonald - 10/08/2021". BBC. Retrieved 21 April 2023.
  27. ↑ "The Nones: Who are they and what do they believe?". Theos Think Tank. Retrieved 21 April 2023.
  28. ↑ "A Torn Safety Net: How the cost of living crisis threatens its own last line of defence". Theos Think Tank. Retrieved 21 April 2023.
  29. ↑ "King Charles understands the Christian limits of his power". UnHerd. Retrieved 21 April 2023.
  30. ↑ Ryan, Ben (25 January 2016). "The in campaign fixates on business – what about Europe's moral purpose?". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 21 April 2023.
  31. ↑ "Journey to the Edge of Reason by Stephen Budiansky — ruthless logic". Financial Times. 1 June 2021. Retrieved 21 April 2023.
  32. ↑ "God, creator of the universe (they/them)". dlv.prospect.gcpp.io. Retrieved 21 April 2023.
  33. ↑ "Religious 'nones' are not necessarily atheists, Theos report suggests". www.churchtimes.co.uk. Retrieved 21 April 2023.
  34. ↑ White-Cummings, Interview by Chandra. "Chine McDonald on the UK's 'Beautifully Messy' Diverse Churches". ChristianityToday.com. Retrieved 21 April 2023.
  35. ↑ "How Change Happens". Comment Magazine. 16 February 2023. Retrieved 21 April 2023.
  36. ↑ "BBC Radio 4 - The Secret History of Science and Religion, 1. The Nature of the Beast". BBC. Retrieved 21 April 2023.
  37. ↑ Owolade, Tomiwa (30 November 2022). "Immigration isn't undermining British religiousness – it's the only thing sustaining it". New Statesman. Retrieved 21 April 2023.
  38. ↑ "Archbishop of Canterbury defends record in office". www.telegraph.co.uk. Retrieved 21 April 2023.
  39. ↑ McLaughlin, Mark. "Opposing same-sex marriage deters voters and poses questions for Kate Forbes". The Times. ISSN 0140-0460. Retrieved 21 April 2023.
  40. ↑ Spencer, Nick (14 May 2020). "The delicate balance between God and Caesar in modern Britain". The Spectator. Retrieved 21 April 2023.
  41. ↑ "Eight arguments about whether the UK is a Christian country". BBC News. 23 April 2014. Retrieved 21 April 2023.
  42. 1 2 Spencer, Nicholas (2023). Magisteria : the entangled histories of science & religion / Nicholas Spencer. London: Oneworld Publications. ISBN 978-0-86154-461-5. OCLC 1314258980.
  43. ↑ Downe, Emily (11 October 2022), Worlds Apart, retrieved 26 April 2023
  44. ↑ Downe, Emily (13 May 2021), Nobody Stands Nowhere, retrieved 26 April 2023
  45. ↑ Downe, Emily (30 March 2021), My Dream, My Taste, retrieved 26 April 2023
  46. ↑ Grayling, A. C. (2013). The God argument : the case against religion and for humanism. New York: Bloomsbury. pp. 245–284. ISBN 978-1-62040-190-3. OCLC 811597565.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  47. ↑ Samadder, Rhik (12 August 2018). "Think debate has turned irredeemably toxic? I have just the podcasts for you". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 21 April 2023.
  48. ↑ Theos Think Tank. "The Sacred". The Sacred. Retrieved 21 April 2023.
  49. ↑ Sacred Live: Oliver Burkeman on living a meaningful life in the present moment, retrieved 26 April 2023
  50. ↑ Theos Think Tank. "Reading Our Times". Reading Our Times. Retrieved 21 April 2023.
  51. ↑ Pennington, Madeleine (2021). Quakers, Christ, and the Enlightenment. Oxford. ISBN 978-0-19-191607-6. OCLC 1224020029.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  52. ↑ Scott-Baumann, Alison (2021). Freedom of speech in universities Islam, charities and counter-terrorism. Simon Perfect. Abingdon, Oxon. ISBN 978-1-000-35961-9. OCLC 1230230809.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  53. ↑ Wyatt, John (2021). The Robot Will See You Now Artificial Intelligence and the Christian Faith. Stephen N. Williams. LONDON: SPCK. ISBN 978-0-281-08436-4. OCLC 1255228523.
  54. ↑ Ryan, Ben (2019). How the West was lost : the decline of a myth and the search for new stories. London. ISBN 978-1-78738-193-3. OCLC 1089012447.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  55. ↑ Ward, Madeleine (2019). The Christian Quaker : George Keith and the Keithian controversy. Leiden. ISBN 978-90-04-39689-0. OCLC 1096236373.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  56. ↑ Fortress Britain? : ethical approaches to immigration policy for a post-Brexit Britain. Ben Ryan. London. 2018. ISBN 978-1-78450-620-9. OCLC 1032777816.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) CS1 maint: others (link)
  57. ↑ The mighty and the Almighty : how political leaders do God. Nick Spencer. London. 2017. ISBN 978-1-78590-191-1. OCLC 975132103.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) CS1 maint: others (link)
  58. ↑ Spencer, Nick (2017). The political Samaritan : how power hijacked a parable. London, UK. ISBN 978-1-4729-4221-0. OCLC 968772853.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  59. ↑ Spencer, Nick (2014). Atheists : the origin of the species. London. ISBN 978-1-4729-0296-2. OCLC 872712176.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  60. ↑ "Theos Think Tank - Understanding faith. Enriching society". Theos Think Tank - Understanding faith. Enriching society. Retrieved 21 April 2023.
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.