Thierry Jamin
Thierry Jamin at a conference on his "Alien Project" in Perpignan (France) on 19 October 2017
Born19 December 1967 Edit this on Wikidata

Thierry Jamin (French: [tieʁi ʒamɛ̃]; born 19 December 1967) is a French explorer and pseudohistorian known for his research about Paititi and the presence of the Incas and pre-Inca civilization in the Amazonian rainforest.

In 2010, he reported that he had discovered "a series of new archaeological sites of comparable importance to Machu Picchu" in Manú National Park. In 2013, he claimed to have discovered the tomb of the Inca emperor Pachacutec at Machu Picchu. In 2017, he claimed to have discovered mummies presented, throughout his crowdfunding campaign, as potential biological relics of an unknown species, possibly of extraterrestrial origin.

None of his claims of discovery have been validated by the scientific community, and they have drawn increasing criticism for their methodological flaws, first from Peruvian archaeological authorities, who notably denounced in 2013 the danger of his claims and excavation ventures for Peru's cultural heritage, and then from international research groups in 2017 and 2023.

In search of Paititi and Inca presence

In 2001, Jamin reaches the site of Pantiacolla. The pyramids are in fact natural formations but Jamin said to have find some Inca artefacts in the same area. At the site of Pusharo he realized that some of the petroglyphs are only visible at a certain moment of the day.

In July 2006, Jamin returned to the area of the Pyramids of Pantiacolla. He then returned to Pusharo and studied the petroglyphs. His assumptions are that the ancient rock site could be an ancient roadmap leading to a major archeological site.[1] In the area of Pusharo, he also discovered geoglyphs that are similar to the Nazca lines. According to Jamin this evidence demonstrates an Inca presence in this area.[2]

In 2009, with the help of the French television TF1, the city of Toulouse and private partners, Jamin studied the site of Mameria. A few weeks later, Jamin started a new exploration campaign in the Valley of Lacco. He contributed to valorize some sites like the fortress of Hualla Mocco (area Hualla), and the small cities of Torre Mocco and of Lukma Kancha (area Quinuay). He also contributed to valorize the small cities of Patan Marka and Llaqtapata (area Juy Huay), the ceremonial site of P'ukru (area Mesapata). In the area of Qurimayu, he studied another city, also called Llaqtapata, and composed of about 150 buildings, a dozen streets, and two main squares.[3]

In 2010, Jamin returned to the valleys of Lacco and Chunchusmayu and discovered several archaeological sites.[4] There he explored new areas and studied the ruins of Inka Tampu and the third Llaqtapata. After further investigations at Monte Punku, he returned to Lacco where he studied the citadels of Pantipayana (area Rataratayuq), Apucatina (area Pallamiyuq), Inka Raqay (area Qurimayu), Chawpichullu (area Chawpichullu), Hatun Monte (area Juy Huay) and Puma Qucha (Juy Huay).[5]

2011 : The "secret door" of Machu Picchu

In August 2011, Jamin was contacted by David Crespy, a French engineer from Barcelona, Spain. A year before, while he was visiting Machu Picchu, he noticed what looked like a 'hidden door' located at the bottom of one of the main buildings. After visiting the site, Jamin, confirmed the existence of a door and on December 19, 2011, he submitted a research project with the objective to use ground-penetrating radar technologies to determine if some cavities were located behind the door,[6] which was approved by the Peruvian Ministry of Culture.[7] Jamin's team investigated the site in March 2012.[6]

With the help of several technologies, the team led by Jamin, and composed by the Peruvian archaeologist Hilbert Sumire Bustincio, the Spanish archeologist Daniel Ángel Merino Panizo and the Peruvian architect and specialist in conservation Víctor Armando Pimentel Gurmendi,[8] were able to detect the presence of cavities and the possibility of archaeological material.[9] Based on the results of the non-invasive techniques used by Jamin's team, one of their assumptions is that the site could be the burial tomb of Pachacutec.[10][11]

On May 22, 2012, Jamin submitted a new project proposal to the Ministry of Culture to open the door. In November 2012, the regional Direction of Culture of Cusco denied the authorization to excavate the site[12] and, in February 2013, strongly criticized, along with the Direction of Machu Picchu Archaeological Park, the lack of scientism and methodology of his project and assumptions.[13][14] As per February 2013, the Ministry of Culture from Lima has not made any decision and negotiations are ongoing,[6] and Jamin hopes for a new study conducted by a third party.[15]

Some days after these polemics, Jamin declared to have received anonymous death threats by mail, and that he wanted to sue the Regional Direction of Culture of Cusco for having declared he's a tomb robber.[16]

2017 : the "nazca mummies" of the Alien Project

In January 2017, Thierry Jamin announced on the internet that supposed "mummified bodies and organs" had been discovered in southern Peru in January 2016, that he had been able to obtain some of them, and that he interpreted them as possible «biological relics belonging to unknown terrestrial species or species from outside our planet».[17] On behalf of the Inkari Cusco Institute, he organizes a fundraiser on the participatory financing site Ulule, which enables him, on March 12, 2017, to collect 39,510€ with the aim of "carrying out in various laboratories of international renown the complete analyses" of these "materials".[18]

According to Thierry Jamin's website the "biological material samples" are delivered to three laboratories on 3 May 2017.[19] In a video dated 20 June 2017, Jamin asserts, following a supposed X-ray of one (or more) of the supposed "mummies" that it would be a female with eggs in the abdomen and, consequently, an unknown species.

On July 11, 2017 a conference takes place at Lima's Swiss Hotel, presented by ufologist Jaime Maussan in the company of José de la Cruz Rios and José de Jesús Zalce Benítez,[20] which reveals nothing new or specific; simultaneously, Thierry Jamin, who had previously announced that he would attend the Swiss Hotel conference, exhibits live on YouTube[21] the results of his own analyses, concluding that there is nothing extraterrestrial about the mummies on display.

Reactions

On June 28, 2017, Professor Rodolfo Salas-Gismondi of the Division of Paleontology at the American Museum of Natural History in New York denounced the scientific sham represented by the so-called "alien mummy of Nasca".[22] · [23] He also appears in the report of the French magazine 66 minutes broadcast on the M6 channel on 28 January 2018 ; in which he states that these mummies are probably an assemblage of animal skeletal remains, and that no evidence has been provided to support the hypothesis that they are the skeletons of an unknown species of extraterrestrial origin>[24]

On 8 July 2017, a group of twelve Peruvian and international experts (bio-anthropologists, specialists in the study and conservation of human remains including mummies) issued a statement through the World Congress on Mummy Studies denouncing the fraud of "extraterrestrial mummies".[25] It states that these productions are "undoubtedly human remains Pre-Columbians [...] manipulated and even mutilated to obtain an 'ad hoc' appearance for commercial exploitation". The press release goes on to denounce the authors of these productions and those exploiting them, calling these practices "criminal abuse" that "violates human dignity in a profound way", as well as "numerous national and international norms that watch for the defense of Cultural Heritage".

On July 13, 2017, American archaeologist Carl Feagans concluded that it was a "hoax".[26]

On August 3, 2017, anthropology professors John Hoopes[27] and Jennifer Raff[28] of the University of Kansas call the project pseudoscientific and denounce its lack of respect for indigenous peoples.[29]

On October 28, 2019 the Ministry of Culture of the Republic of Peru demands that the National University San Luis Gonzaga de Ica (controversial[30]) to hand over to the Peruvian state the "fake alien mummies" described as "human remains", explaining that "during the two visits, SDC Ica staff were unable to enter the site where the remains are located, the first time due to the absence of the Vice-Rector for Research, and the second time by decision of the Vice-Rector, despite his own invitation, who proposed scheduling the visit to take photos of the presumed archaeological remains for November 5 this year".[31]

On 13 September 2023, at a session of the Mexican Congress devoted to UFOs,[32] journalist and ufologist Jaime Maussan declared authentic these «Peruvian three-fingered mummies», presenting them as potential evidence of non-human life forms, and stating that scientists from the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM) had concluded that these remains were «not part of our terrestrial evolution» and that almost a third of their DNA was «of unknown origin».[33]

This presentation was criticized by many experts as a hoax denied by the scientific community;[34] Julieta Norma Fierro Gossman, a physics researcher at UNAM, said the university had never reached such conclusions, that many of the analysis presented by Maussan «made no sense» scientifically and were based only on beliefs.[35] UNAM further republished its September 2017 statement, clarifying that it had drawn no conclusions as to the origin of a sample sent to it for Carbon-14 analysis and that it had not carried out any other type of analysis.[36] Wired summarized these reactions by stating that the scientific consensus was unanimous regarding the fact that the «mummies» presented by Maussan are in reality a counterfeit archaeological artifact, citing in particular the conclusions of Flavio Estrada, forensic archaeologist who analyzed the mummies for the Institute of Forensic Medicine and Forensic Sciences of the Public Ministry of Peru, that the remains of the alleged extraterrestrials «are creations made of animal and human bones held together with synthetic glue, which have been covered with fake skin».[37]

On 7 November 2023, at a second session of the Mexican UFO Congress, Jaime Maussan, together with anthropologist Roger Zúñiga Avilés (of the controversial[30] Universidad Nacional San Luis Gonzaga de Ica) and Thierry Jamin (introduced as «Thierre Maurice Pierre, researcher at Institut Inkari»,[38] declared, with the support of a group of Peruvian doctors, that the specimens were probably false but that the bodies were real.[39][34]

Publications

Books and publications written by Jamin include:

  • Jamin, Thierry (July–August 2010). "Jeu de piste chez les Incas". Historia (in French) (126). Archived from the original on 26 January 2012. Retrieved 6 April 2013.
  • Jamin, Thierry (November 2007). Pusharo, la memoria recobrada de los Incas (in Spanish). Lima: Edisa. ISBN 9789972335662.
  • Jamin, Thierry & Ruquier, Pierre-Albert (2006). L'Eldorado Inca : A la recherche de Païtiti (in French). Paris: Hugo & Compagnie. ISBN 978-2755600988.

See also

References

  1. ↑ "Buscan la ciudadela perdida de los incas en selva del Manu". Perú 21 (in Spanish). Peru. 11 November 2008. Archived from the original on 6 April 2011. Retrieved 1 April 2013.
  2. ↑ "Hallan trazos similares a las líneas de Nazca en el Parque del Manu". Perú 21 (in Spanish). Peru. 19 September 2006. Archived from the original on 16 April 2013. Retrieved 1 April 2013.
  3. ↑ "Nuevos Hallazgos. Camino al Gran Paititi. Entrevista a Thierry Jamin". Imágenes (Peru – Brazil) (in Spanish and Portuguese). Lima (Año 6, N˚ 18). December 2010. Archived from the original on 11 April 2013.
  4. ↑ "Hallan el Valle sagrado de los incas, ciudad fundada por nobles que escaparon de la Conquista". Cronica (in Spanish). Mexico. 2011. Retrieved 1 April 2013.
  5. ↑ "Hallan restos arqueológicos de construcciones inkas en valles de Laco y Chunchusmayo. El Comercio, Año CXIV - # 34.010". El Comercio (in Spanish). Peru. 15 October 2010.
  6. 1 2 3 "La Porte Secrete de Machu Picchu" (in French). Euronews. Retrieved 19 February 2013.
  7. ↑ "Machu Picchu: Habrían descubierto posible tumba de Pachacútec y tesoro inca". peru.com (in Spanish). 7 February 2013. Retrieved 4 April 2013.
  8. ↑ "Creen encontrar tumba del Rey inca Pachacútec en Machu Pichu". lagranepoca.com (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 25 September 2013. Retrieved 4 April 2013.
  9. ↑ "Machu Picchu 2012 : The discovery and the geophysical survey". JungleDocProd. Archived from the original (video) on March 4, 2016. Retrieved 17 March 2013.
  10. ↑ "Heritage Daily - Claims of possible burial tomb discovered in Machu Picchu". Heritagedaily. 20 February 2013. Retrieved 16 March 2013.
  11. ↑ Forssmann, Alec (14 February 2013). "¿Esconde algo Machu Picchu?" (in Spanish). National Geographic. Retrieved 16 March 2013.
  12. ↑ "Archaeologist blocked From making breakthrough find at Machu Picchu". IBTimes. 21 February 2013. Archived from the original on 24 February 2013. Retrieved 16 March 2013.
  13. ↑ "Ministerio de Cultura rechazó supuesta tumba de Pachacutec" (in Spanish). LaRepublica.pe. 8 February 2013. Archived from the original on 9 February 2013. Retrieved 2020-10-21.
  14. ↑ "Dirección Regional de Cultura Cusco rechaza supuesto descubrimiento en Machu Picchu". mcultura.gob.pe. 8 February 2013. Archived from the original on 20 February 2014. Retrieved 2020-10-21.
  15. ↑ Timbert, Aline (14 February 2013). "Pérou : L'explorateur français Thierry Jamin, sur les traces des incas, fait grand bruit…". Actu Latino (in French). Retrieved 1 April 2013.
  16. ↑ "Cusco: Arqueólogo Thierry Jamin no fue amenazado de muerte" (in Spanish). RPP Noticias. 27 February 2013. Retrieved 16 March 2013.
  17. ↑ Alien Project, on the ulule.com.
  18. ↑ Frédérique Daurelle, "francebleu.fr/infos/culture-loisirs/l-oeil-du-web-un-appel-de-fonds-pour-analyser-des-momies-1487782045 Un appel de fonds pour analyser des momies", L'œil du web column published on France Bleu on February 22, 2017.
  19. ↑ https://www.the-alien-project.com/2017/05/04/echantillons-biologiques/
  20. ↑ Jois Mantilla, "Las momias de Nazca", July 11, 2017.
  21. ↑ NURÉA TV, ""Relics from Peru: the official explanations" with T. Jamin, Dr. Edson and M. Ribardière", July 11, 2017, YouTube.
  22. ↑ Dr. Rodolfo Salas-Gismondi (2017-06-28). "Científico desmonta el bluf de la momia alienígena de Nazca". sophimania. pe (in Spanish). Retrieved 2017-06-28.
  23. ↑ "Momia de Nasca, parte 2: Análisis de las manos y pies". cientificos.pe (in Spanish). Retrieved 2017-07-02.
  24. ↑ "L'implacable enquête de M6 sur les extraterrestres précolombiens". telerama.fr (in French). 2018-01-29. Retrieved 2023-04-18.
  25. ↑ "World Congress on Mummy Studies". Retrieved 2017-07-08 – via Facebook.
  26. ↑ "A Review of Jaime Maussan's Alien Mummy from Peru". Archaeology Review. 2017-07-12. Retrieved 2017-07-13.
  27. ↑ "John W. Hoopes". Department of Anthropology. 2012-10-30. Retrieved 2019-12-04.
  28. ↑ "Jennifer A. Raff". Department of Anthropology. 2015-08-18. Retrieved 2019-12-04.
  29. ↑ "Documentary exploring evidence of extraterrestrial life in ancient Peru is based on pseudoscience, unfair to indigenous peoples, anthropologists say". The University of Kansas. 2017-08-03. Retrieved 2024-01-01.
  30. 1 2 "¿Qué pasará con la Universidad Nacional San Luis Gonzaga de Ica tras no conseguir la licencia de la Sunedu?". El Comercio Perú (in Spanish). 2019-10-28. Retrieved 2019-10-31.
  31. ↑ "Ministerio de Cultura insta a la Universidad nacional San Luis Gonzaga de Ica poner a disposición presuntos restos y evidencias de época préhispánica" (in Spanish). government of Peru. Retrieved 2021-08-18.
  32. ↑ EFE (2023-09-13). "Jaime Maussan en el Congreso: ¿Qué dijo sobre 'seres no humanos' y ovnis en el espacio aéreo?". El Financiero (in Spanish)..
  33. ↑ Cobham, Tara (2023-09-13). "'Alien corpses' shown to Congress as UFO expert forced to testify under oath". The Independent. Archived from the original on 2023-09-13. Retrieved 2023-09-13.
  34. 1 2 "Mexican Congress holds second UFO session featuring Peruvian mummies". Reuters. 2023-11-07.
  35. ↑ "Scientists call fraud on supposed extraterrestrials presented to Mexican Congress". Associated Press. 13 September 2023. Archived from the original on 13 September 2023. Retrieved 2023-09-14.
  36. ↑ "El Instituto de Física de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM) emite hoy, 13 de septiembre de 2023, el comunicado publicado en 2017, derivado de la misma situación que ahora vuelve a ocupar la atención mediática". dgcs.unam.mx. Archived from the original on 2023-09-14. Retrieved 2023-09-14.
  37. ↑ Lagos, Anna. "No, This Is Not an Alien. Here's Why". Wired. Archived from the original on 14 September 2023. Retrieved 2023-09-15.
  38. ↑ Segunda Audiencia Pública para la Regulación sobre Fenómenos Anómalos No Identificados on YouTube, announced as Thierry Jamin by Jaime Maussan at 47'41", but then presented as Thierre Maurice Pierre on the banner embedded at the bottom of the video and on diputados.gob.mx/index. php/notilegis/se-realiza-en-camara-de-diputados-segunda-audiencia-publica-sobre-fenomenos-anomalos-no-identificados this dispatch of the Mexican Congress, and subsequently by the international press (cf. Sipa USA, Wired).
  39. ↑ "El Congreso de México discute la autenticidad de supuestos cuerpos extraterrestres" (in Spanish). Associated Press. 2023-11-08..
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