Timeline of the Łódź history
Affiliations

Kingdom of Poland 1300s–1569
Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth 1569–1793
Kingdom of Prussia 1793–1807
Duchy of Warsaw 1807-1815
Congress Poland (Russian Empire) 1815–1916
Kingdom of Poland 1916–1918
Republic of Poland 1918–1939
 Nazi Germany 1939–1945
People's Republic of Poland 1945–1989
 Republic of Poland 1989–present

The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Łódź, Poland.

Prior to 19th century

19th century

20th century

1900s–1930s

Plac Wolności ("Freedom Square") with the Tadeusz Kościuszko Monument and the Holy Spirit Church in 1930

World War II (1939–1945)

Invading German troops in Łódź in September 1939
  • 1939
    • 2 September: Germany carried out first air raids, bombing the airport and the Łódź Kaliska train station.[18]
    • 3 September: Further air raids carried out by Germany. The Germans bombed a railway station in the Widzew district, a power plant, a gas plant, a thread factory and many houses.[18]
    • 5 September: The Germans air raided the airport again.[18]
    • 6 September: The Germans air raided a historic palace which housed the command of the Polish Łódź Army.[18]
    • 6 September: the Citizens' Committee of the City of Łódź established.[19]
    • 6–8 September: Battle of Łódź during the German invasion of Poland, which started World War II.
    • 9 September: German troops entered the city, beginning of the German occupation.[19]
    • 11 September: The Germans issued the first occupation decrees.[19]
    • 12 September: The German Einsatzgruppe III entered the city to commit various crimes against the population.[20]
    • 12–15 September: The Germans carried out searches of local county offices and Polish police buildings.[20]
    • 16 September: Local administration took over by a German official, D. Leiste from Rhineland.[19]
    • 21 September: The Germans carried out mass searches in the present-day district of Chojny.[20]
    • September: The Germans carried out first arrests of Poles as part of the Intelligenzaktion and established first prisons for arrested Poles.[21]
    • 12 October – 4 November: City becomes seat of Nazi German General Government of occupied Poland.
    • 31 October: A German transit camp for Poles arrested in the Intelligenzaktion established in the present-day district of Ruda Pabianicka.[21]
    • November: Radogoszcz concentration camp established by the Germans. Its prisoners were mostly people from Łódź, Pabianice and other nearby settlements.[21]
    • 9 November: City annexed directly into Nazi Germany; the Germans destroyed the monument of Polish national hero Tadeusz Kościuszko.[19]
    • 9 November: First prisoners detained in the Radogoszcz concentration camp.[21]
    • November: Hundreds of Poles from Łódź and the region massacred by the Germans in the forest in the present-day district of Łagiewniki as part of the Intelligenzaktion.[22]
    • City renamed "Litzmannstadt" to erase traces of Polish origin.
    • 11 December: The Germans massacred 70 Polish prisoners of the Radogoszcz camp in Łagiewniki.[22]
    • 13 December: The Germans massacred 40 Polish prisoners of the Radogoszcz camp in Łagiewniki.[22]
    • December: 65 prisoners from the transit camp in Pabianice deported to the Radogoszcz concentration camp and then massacred in Łagiewniki.[21]
    • 31 December: First expulsions of Poles from Osiedle Montwiłła-Mireckiego carried out.[23]
    • Hundreds of Poles from Łódź massacred by the Germans in the nearby village of Lućmierz-Las.[24]
Łódź Ghetto in 1940
  • 1940
    • 14–15 January: German police and Selbstschutz carried out mass expulsions of Poles from Osiedle Montwiłła-Mireckiego.[25]
    • February: More prisoners from the liquidated transit camp in Pabianice imprisoned in the Radogoszcz camp; Radogoszcz camp converted into the Radogoszcz prison.[21]
    • February: Łódź Ghetto formed.[26]
    • Hundreds of Poles from Łódź massacred by the Germans in the nearby village of Lućmierz-Las.[24]
    • March: 11 Polish boy scouts from Łódź massacred by the Germans in the Okręglik forest near Zgierz.[24]
    • April–May: The Russians committed the large Katyn massacre, among the victims of which were over 1,200 Poles, who either were born or lived in Łódź or the region before the war.[27]
  • 1941
Public execution of Poles in German-occupied Łódź in 1942
  • 1942
  • 1943
  • 1944
    • August: Łódź Ghetto liquidated.
    • September: Most POWs transported from Stalag Luft II to the Stalag Luft III camp in Żagań.[29]
    • 21 November: Stalag Luft II POW camp liquidated.[29]
  • 1945
    • German concentration camp for kidnapped Polish children disestablished.[30]
    • 17 January: City taken by the Soviet Army and afterwards restored to Poland.

1945–2000

National Film School in Łódź
Grand Theatre, Łódź

21st century

Piotrkowska Street in 2011

See also

References

  1. 1 2 Flatt 1853.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 Popławska 1986.
  3. 1 2 Adna Ferrin Weber (1899), Growth of Cities in the Nineteenth Century, Studies in History, Economics and Public Law, New York: Macmillan Company, OL 24341630M
  4. ↑ Zieliński, Stanisław (1913). Bitwy i potyczki 1863-1864. Na podstawie materyałów drukowanych i rękopiśmiennych Muzeum Narodowego w Rapperswilu (in Polish). Rapperswil: Fundusz Wydawniczy Muzeum Narodowego w Rapperswilu. p. 22.
  5. ↑ Zieliński, p. 35
  6. ↑ Zieliński, p. 47
  7. ↑ "Russia". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1885. hdl:2027/nyp.33433081590469.
  8. ↑ Witold Iwańczak. "Pionierzy polskiej kinematografii". Niedziela.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 27 March 2021.
  9. ↑ Donna M. Di Grazia, ed. (2013). Nineteenth-Century Choral Music. Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-98852-0.
  10. ↑ Britannica 1910.
  11. ↑ Sheila Skaff (2008). The Law of the Looking Glass: Cinema in Poland, 1896-1939. Ohio University Press. ISBN 978-0-8214-1784-3.
  12. ↑ Stephen Pope; Elizabeth-Anne Wheal (1995). "Select Chronology". Dictionary of the First World War. Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-85052-979-1.
  13. ↑ "Lodz". Encyclopedia of Jews in Eastern Europe. Yivo Institute for Jewish Research. Archived from the original on 2013-02-04.
  14. ↑ Webster's Geographical Dictionary, USA: G. & C. Merriam Co., 1960, OL 5812502M
  15. ↑ Abramowicz, Sławomir (2003). "Wypędzeni z Osiedla "Montwiłła" Mireckiego w Łodzi". Biuletyn Instytutu Pamięci Narodowej (in Polish). No. 12–1 (35–36). IPN. p. 28. ISSN 1641-9561.
  16. ↑ Jesús Pedro Lorente (2011). Museums of Contemporary Art: Notion and Development. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. ISBN 978-1-4094-0587-0.
  17. ↑ "History of the Museum of Archaeology and Ethnography in Łódź". Muzeum Archeologiczne i Etnograficzne w Łodzi. Archived from the original on 16 November 2013. Retrieved 30 November 2013.
  18. 1 2 3 4 5 Anna Gronczewska. "Niemieckie ślady wojny w Łodzi. Co zostało z planów wzorcowego miasta Rzeszy?". Dziennik Łódzki (in Polish). Retrieved 25 April 2021.
  19. 1 2 3 4 5 Tomasz Walkiewicz. "Wybuch wojny i początki okupacji hitlerowskiej w Łodzi". Archiwum Państwowe w Łodzi (in Polish). Retrieved 14 March 2021.
  20. 1 2 3 Wardzyńska, Maria (2009). Był rok 1939. Operacja niemieckiej policji bezpieczeństwa w Polsce. Intelligenzaktion (in Polish). Warszawa: IPN. p. 114.
  21. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Wardzyńska, p. 203
  22. 1 2 3 Wardzyńska, p. 204
  23. ↑ Abramowicz, p. 30
  24. 1 2 3 Wardzyńska, p. 205
  25. ↑ Abramowicz, p. 32
  26. 1 2 3 "The establishment of Litzmannstadt Ghetto". Torah Code. Retrieved 14 March 2021.
  27. ↑ Tomasz Walkiewicz. "Łodzianie w grobach katyńskich". Archiwum Państwowe w Łodzi (in Polish). Retrieved 14 March 2021.
  28. 1 2 Megargee, Geoffrey P.; Overmans, Rüdiger; Vogt, Wolfgang (2022). The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Encyclopedia of Camps and Ghettos 1933–1945. Volume IV. Indiana University Press, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. p. 115. ISBN 978-0-253-06089-1.
  29. 1 2 3 4 Megargee, Geoffrey P.; Overmans, Rüdiger; Vogt, Wolfgang (2022). The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Encyclopedia of Camps and Ghettos 1933–1945. Volume IV. Indiana University Press, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. p. 505. ISBN 978-0-253-06089-1.
  30. 1 2 3 Ledniowski, Krzysztof; Gola, Beata (2020). "Niemiecki obóz dla małoletnich Polaków w Łodzi przy ul. Przemysłowej". In Kostkiewicz, Janina (ed.). Zbrodnia bez kary... Eksterminacja i cierpienie polskich dzieci pod okupacją niemiecką (1939–1945) (in Polish). Kraków: Uniwersytet Jagielloński, Biblioteka Jagiellońska. p. 147.
  31. ↑ Megargee, Geoffrey P.; Overmans, Rüdiger; Vogt, Wolfgang (2022). The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Encyclopedia of Camps and Ghettos 1933–1945. Volume IV. Indiana University Press, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. p. 501. ISBN 978-0-253-06089-1.
  32. 1 2 Europa World Year Book 2004. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 1857432533.
  33. ↑ "Lodz Newspapers". WorldCat. USA: Online Computer Library Center. Retrieved 30 November 2013.
  34. 1 2 3 Don Rubin, ed. (2001). "Poland". World Encyclopedia of Contemporary Theatre. Vol. 1: Europe. Routledge. p. 634+. ISBN 9780415251570.
  35. ↑ United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Statistical Office (1976). "Population of capital city and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 1975. New York. pp. 253–279.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  36. ↑ "Historia Muzeum" (in Polish). Muzeum Miasta Łodzi. Retrieved 30 November 2013.
  37. ↑ Janusz Kubik. "Margaret Thatcher w Łodzi. Najbardziej znana kobieta w świecie polityki, nie ukrywała swojej sympatii do Polski". Express Ilustrowany (in Polish). Retrieved 25 April 2021.
  38. ↑ "Orebro". Urząd Miasta Łodzi (in Polish). Retrieved 3 April 2021.
  39. ↑ "Culture.pl". Warsaw: Adam Mickiewicz Institute. Retrieved 30 November 2013.
  40. ↑ "Szeged". Urząd Miasta Łodzi (in Polish). Retrieved 3 April 2021.
  41. 1 2 "Chengdu". Urząd Miasta Łodzi (in Polish). Retrieved 3 April 2021.
  42. ↑ Katarzyna Marchwicka. "Otwarcie Konsulatu Honorowego Republiki Armenii w Łodzi". Urząd Miasta Łodzi (in Polish). Retrieved 3 April 2021.
This article incorporates information from the German Wikipedia and Polish Wikipedia.

Bibliography

in English

  • "Lodz", Jewish Encyclopedia, vol. 8, New York, 1907, hdl:2027/osu.32435029752870{{citation}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  • "Lodz" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 16 (11th ed.). 1910. p. 862.
  • "Lodz", Russia, with Teheran, Port Arthur, and Peking, Leipzig: Karl Baedeker, 1914, OCLC 1328163
  • Zygmunt Gostkowski (1959). "Popular Interest in the Municipal Elections of Łódź, Poland". Public Opinion Quarterly. 23 (3): 371–381. doi:10.1086/266889. JSTOR 2746388.
  • Bronislawa Kopczynska-Jaworska (1983). "Working Class Traditions in Łódź". Urban Anthropology. 12 (3/4): 217–243. JSTOR 40553010.
  • Irena Popławska; Stefan Muthesius (1986). "Poland's Manchester: 19th-Century Industrial and Domestic Architecture in Łódź". Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians. 45 (2): 148–160. doi:10.2307/990093. JSTOR 990093.
  • Zysiak, Agata et al. From Cotton and Smoke: Łódź - Industrial City and Discourses of Asynchronous Modernity, 1897-1994 (Krakow: Jagiellonian University Press, 2019). online review

in other languages

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