The following is a timeline of the history of Düsseldorf, Germany.
Prior to 19th century
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- 1186 – Counts of Berg in power.
- 1285 – St. Sebastianus Bruderschaft Kaiserswerth (militia) formed.[1]
- 1288 – Town privileges granted by Adolf VIII of Berg.[2]
- 1316 – St.-Sebastianus-Schützenvereins Düsseldorf (militia) established.[1]
- 1385 – Residence of the Counts of Berg established in Düsseldorf.[2]
- 1567 – Rathhaus built.[3]
- 1609 – Residence of the Electoral Palatinate relocates to Düsseldorf from Heidelberg.[4]
- 1629 – Church of St. Andrew built.[3]
- 1684 – Evangelishche Kirche built.[5]
- 1710 – Electoral palace remodelled.[3]
- 1716
- Residence of the Electoral Palatinate relocates to Heidelberg.[4]
- Neustadt laid out (approximate date).[2]
- 1760 – Jagerhof (electors' hunting lodge) built.[6]
- 1762 – Art Academy founded.
- 1767 – Hofgarten laid out.[7]
- 1774 – School of Law established (approximate date).[5]
- 1787 – Karlstadt laid out.[2]
- 1794 – Town besieged by French forces.[8]
- 1800 – Musik-Academie established.[9]
19th century
- 1802 - Fortifications demolished.[5]
- 1804 – Kastanienallee laid out.
- 1805
- Town becomes capital of Grand Duchy of Berg.[2]
- Palace art collection relocates to Munich.[8]
- 1806 – French in power.[3]
- 1812 – Breidenbacher Hof in business.
- 1813 – Hof-Garten expanded.[6]
- 1815
- 1818 – Lower Rhenish Music Festival held.
- 1819 – New Kunstakademie Düsseldorf founded as Königlich Preußische Kunstakademie (Royal Prussian Academy of Art); Dusselthal Asylum established.[3]
- 1829 – Artists' Society for the Rhinelands and Westphalia (Kunstverein für die Rheinlande und Westphalen) founded.[9]
- 1838 – Bergisch-Märkische railway station opens.
- 1841 – Düsseldorf–Elberfeld railway constructed.
- 1845 – Cologne-Minden railway station opens.
- 1846 – Ducal palace restored.[2]
- 1852
- 1861 – Malkasten artists' club established.[11]
- 1864 – Düsseldorfer Symphoniker (orchestra) active.[12]
- 1867 – Galerie Paffrath in business.[13]
Palace ruins after the 1872 fire
- 1872 – Electoral palace burns down.[6]
- 1875
- 1876
- Trams begin operating.
- Zoological Gardens established.
- 1877 – Rhenish railway station built.
- 1879 – Düsseldorf-Derendorf–Dortmund Süd railway, House of the Rhenish Estates, and Academy of Art building constructed.[6]
- 1881 – Kunsthalle built.[3]
- 1884 – Düsseldorf Exchange founded.[14]
- 1885
- 1891 – Düsseldorf Central Station opens.
- 1893 – Mannesmann (manufacturer) relocates to Düsseldorf.
- 1895 – Population: 175,985.[2]
- 1896 – Industrial art museum built.[2]
- 1898 – Road bridge constructed, carries the electric tram-line to "Crefeld".[2]
- 1899 – Apollo-Theater opens.
- 1900 – Peek & Cloppenburg in business.
20th century
Düsseldorf at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries
- 1902 – Rhine Promenade laid out.[6]
- 1903 – Great Synagogue built.
- 1904 – Löbbecke Museum opens.
- 1905
- Schauspielhausgebäude (theatre) opens.
- Population: 252,630.[2]
- 1907 – Hospitals built.[6]
- 1909 – Ceramics museum founded.
- 1910
- Königsallee Moving Pictures cinema opens.
- Largest Fair on the Rhine relocates to fairgrounds in Oberkassel district.
- 1911 – Population: 312,000.[6]
- 1913 - Museum Kunstpalast opened in its current form.[2]
- 1920 – Labor strike.
- 1921 – Max Planck Institute for Iron Research GmbH relocates to Düsseldorf.
- 1924 – Wilhelm Marx House (high-rise) built.
- 1926 – Planetarium and Rheinstadion built.
- 1927 – Airport opens.
- 1929 – Kaiserswerth becomes part of city.
- 1935
- Robert Schumann Hochschule formed.
- Ice stadium opens on Brehmstraße.
- 1936
- Düsseldorf Central Station rebuilt.
- 1 October: Consulate of Poland relocated from Essen to Düsseldorf.[16]
Concentration camp for Romani people in 1937
- 1937
- Reich's Exhibition of a Productive People held.
- July: Nazi camp for Sinti and Romani people established (see also Porajmos).[17]
- 1943
- 1944
- March/April: DESt forced labour camp established by the SS. Its prisoners were mostly Poles, Russians, Belgians, Dutchmen and Germans.[20]
- 17 May: Kalkum, Berta and DESt forced labour camps converted into subcamps of the Buchenwald concentration camp.[18][19][20]
- 1 September: Berta II subcamp of the Buchenwald concentration camp established. Its prisoners were mostly Poles, Russians and Czechs.[21]
- 1945
- March: Berta, Berta II and DESt subcamps dissolved, prisoners deported to the main Buchenwald camp.[19][21][20]
- 10 April: Kalkum subcamp dissolved, prisoners deported to the main Buchenwald camp.[18]
- 16 April: German Resistance launches Aktion Rheinland.
- 17 April: City taken by U.S. 97th Infantry Division.
- 1946
- City becomes capital of North Rhine-Westphalia.
- Handelsblatt and Rheinische Post newspapers begin publication.
- 1947
- 28 March: Food protest.[22]
- Kom(m)ödchen premieres.
- 1950 – Institut Français Düsseldorf founded.
- 1951 – Drupa printing equipment trade fair begins.
- 1955
- February–March: City co-hosts the 1955 Ice Hockey World Championships.
- Deutsche Oper am Rhein established.
- 1956 – Opernhaus Düsseldorf re-opens.
- 1957 – North bridge constructed.
- 1958 – New Synagogue built.
- 1960
- Willi Becker becomes mayor.
- Dreischeibenhaus built.
- 1961 – Kunstsammlung Nordrhein-Westfalen founded.
- 1962 – Tausendfüßler bridge built.
- 1965 – Marionetten-Theater housed in Palais Wittgenstein.
- 1966 – University of Düsseldorf established.
- 1967 – Kunsthalle Düsseldorf built.
- 1968
- Düsseldorf Grand Prix tennis tournament begins.
- Komödie Düsseldorf founded.
- 1969
- Düsseldorfer Schauspielhaus built.
- Düsseldorf Boat Show begins.
- 1971
- Fachhochschule Düsseldorf founded.
- Philips Halle arena opens.
- 1974 – Botanical garden established.
- 1975 – City districts shaped (approximate date).
- 1977 – City hosts the 1977 IAAF World Cross Country Championships.
- 1979 – Tonhalle Düsseldorf and Flehe Bridge open.
- 1981
- Düsseldorf Stadtbahn (light rail) begins operating.
- Rheinturm built.
- 1982 – Collections Premieren Düsseldorf clothing trade fair begins.[23]
- 1984 – Von hier aus art exhibit held.
- 1986 – Kunstsammlung Nordrhein-Westfalen building inaugurated.
- 1987 – Aquazoo–Löbbecke Museum opens.
- 1993
- Polish Institute founded.[24]
- Rheinufer Tunnel opens.
- 1994 – Schadow Arkaden shopping mall built.
- 1996
- 11 April: Düsseldorf Airport fire.
- Capitol Theater opens.
- 1998 – Neuer Zollhof and Stadttor built.
- 1999 – Joachim Erwin becomes mayor.
- 2000 – Düsseldorf Airport railway station opens.
21st century
- 2001
- Arag-Tower built.
- Museum Kunstpalast opens.[25]
- 2002 – Japan Day festival begins.
- 2005
- Lichtburg Studio Theater opens.
- AMD Academy of Fashion and Design founded.
- 2006 – ISS Dome arena opens.
- 2007 – Kunst im Tunnel established.
- 2008 – Dirk Elbers becomes mayor.
- 2011
- Eurovision Song Contest 2011 held.
- Population: 592,393.
- 2014 – June: Storm.
- 2015 – General-Consulate of China opened.
- 2017 – City hosts the 2017 World Table Tennis Championships.
- 2018 – Honorary Consulate of Monaco opened.
See also
References
- 1 2 Hermann Tallau (2008). "Alteste (100) Schützenvereinigungen 799-1392". Ein Kaleidoskop zum Schützenwesen (in German). Duderstadt: Mecke Druck und Verlag. ISBN 978-3-936617-85-6.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Britannica 1910.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 "Düsseldorf", The Rhine from Rotterdam to Constance, Leipsic: Karl Baedeker, 1882, OCLC 7416969
- 1 2 "Düsseldorf", A Handbook for Travellers on the Continent (17th ed.), London: J. Murray, 1871, OCLC 5358857, OL 6936276M
- 1 2 3 Karl Stieler (1903), "From Dusseldorf to the Dutch Frontier", The Rhine from its source to the sea, London: William Glaisher, OL 14039550M
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 "Düsseldorf", The Rhine, including the Black Forest & the Vosges, Leipzig: Karl Baedeker, 1911, OCLC 21888483
- ↑ "Düsseldorf", Bradshaw's Illustrated Hand-book for Belgium and the Rhine; and Portions of Rhenish Germany, London: W.J. Adams & Sons, 1897
- 1 2 3 "Düsseldorf", Murray's Handbook for Belgium and the Rhine, London: J. Murray, 1852, OL 23365744M
- 1 2 Cecelia Hopkins Porter (1989). "The Reign of the "Dilettanti": Düsseldorf from Mendelssohn to Schumann". Musical Quarterly. 73.
- ↑ Lowell Mason (1854), "Great Musical Festival at Dusseldorf", Musical letters from abroad: including detailed accounts of the Birmingham, Norwich, and Dusseldorf musical festivals of 1852, New York: Mason Brothers
- ↑ W. Pembroke Fetridge (1874), "Düsseldorf", Harper's Hand-Book for Travellers in Europe and the East, New York: Harper & Brothers
- ↑ Colin Lawson, ed. (2003). "Orchestras Founded in the 19th Century (chronological list)". Cambridge Companion to the Orchestra. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-00132-8.
- ↑ "Galerie Paffrath". Retrieved January 3, 2013.
- ↑ Americana 1918.
- ↑ Stadtbuchereien Ladeshauptstadt Düsseldorf. "Geschichte der Stadtbüchereien".
- ↑ Chałupczak, Henryk (2004). "Powstanie i działalność polskich placówek konsularnych w okresie międzywojennym (ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem pogranicza polsko-niemiecko-czechosłowackiego)". In Kaczmarek, Ryszard; Masnyk, Marek (eds.). Konsulaty na pograniczu polsko-niemieckim i polsko-czechosłowackim w 1918–1939 (in Polish). Katowice: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Śląskiego. p. 20.
- ↑ "Lager für Sinti und Roma Düsseldorf". Bundesarchiv.de (in German). Retrieved 8 August 2022.
- 1 2 3 "Düsseldorf (Kalkum)". aussenlager-buchenwald.de (in German). Retrieved 8 August 2022.
- 1 2 3 "Düsseldorf ("Berta")". aussenlager-buchenwald.de (in German). Retrieved 8 August 2022.
- 1 2 3 "Düsseldorf (DESt)". aussenlager-buchenwald.de (in German). Retrieved 8 August 2022.
- 1 2 "Düsseldorf ("Berta II")". aussenlager-buchenwald.de (in German). Retrieved 8 August 2022.
- ↑ "March 24-April 6, 1947". Chronology of International Events and Documents. London: Royal Institute of International Affairs. 3. 1947. JSTOR 40545021.
- ↑ Catherine C. Fraser; Dierk O. Hoffman (2006), Pop Culture Germany, ABC-Clio, ISBN 9781851097388, OL 9491197M, 1851097384
- ↑ "O nas". Instytut Polski w Dusseldorfie (in Polish). Retrieved 8 August 2022.
- ↑ "History". Museum Kunstpalast. Archived from the original on December 29, 2012. Retrieved January 3, 2013.
Bibliography
in English
- "Düsseldorf", Appleton's European Guide Book Illustrated, London: Longmans, Green, Reader, and Dyer, 1871
- Norddeutscher Lloyd (1896), "Düsseldorf", Guide through Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy, Switzerland, France, Belgium, Holland and England, Berlin: J. Reichmann & Cantor, OCLC 8395555
- G. Holscher (1900), "Düsseldorf", A Guide to the Rhine, Cologne: Hoursch & Bechstedt, OCLC 8672751
- . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 8 (11th ed.). 1910. p. 713.
- "Düsseldorf", Encyclopedia Americana, New York: Encyclopedia Americana Corp., 1918
in other languages
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to History of Düsseldorf.
- History of the city of Düsseldorf (in German)
- Stadtarchiv Landeshauptstadt Düsseldorf. "Düsseldorfer Zeitliste" [Düsseldorf Timeline] (in German).
- Links to fulltext city directories for Dusseldorf via Wikisource
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