The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Homs, Syria.

Prior to 7th century

7th–19th centuries

  • 636 – Siege of Emesa, city was captured by Rashidun Caliphate.
  • 750 – Abbasids wrested control of Homs.
  • 855 – Christian population revolted in response to additional taxation under the reign of Caliph al-Mutawakkil.[3]
  • 891 – al-Yaqubi noted that Homs was situated along a broad river (Orontes River) which served as a source of drinking water for the inhabitants.[4]
  • 944 – Hamdanids took control of the city.
  • 975 - Byzantine empire under John Tzimiskes took control of the city.
  • 1090 – Seljuk Turks occupied Homs under the leadership of Aq Sunqur al-Hajib.[5]
  • 1149 – The Mosul-based Zengids under Nur al-Din captured the city.[6]
  • 1154 – Al-Idrisi mentioned that Homs was populous, contained open markets, and was frequented by travelers. The residents were pleasant; living with them is easy. The women are beautiful and are celebrated for their fine skin."[7]
  • 1164 – Asad ad-Din Shirkuh became Homs' fief, later known as “Emir of Homs”.
  • 1175 – Saladin gained control of the city.
  • 1225 – Yaqut al-Hamawi mentioned that Homs was large, celebrated and walled, having a strongly fortified castle on its southern hill.[8]
  • 1355 – Ibn Batuta visited Homs, writing that it had fine trees and good markets.
  • 1400 – Timur seized the city. Nevertheless, he did not sack it as he did in Aleppo, Hama and later Damascus, due to a man called “‘Amr bin al-Rawas” who conciled with him offering precious gifts to save the city.[9]
  • 1510 – al-Fadl bin Nu'ayr was sent on an expedition by the governor of Damascus to loot the city markets.[6]
  • 1516 – Ottoman Turks in power.
  • 1549 – Homs Sanjak was created as part of Ottoman Aleppo Eyalet.
  • 1579 – Homs is under Ottoman Tripoli Eyalet.
  • 1785 – French traveler, Volney wrote of the city's once great importance and its current "miserable" condition.
  • 1832–1840 – city was occupied by Muhammad Ali's Egypt led by Ibrahim Pasha.[10][11]
  • 1855 – National Evangelical School was founded by American missionaries.[12]
  • 1860s – The city rebelled against Egyptian rule and consequently, the citadel was destroyed when the Egyptians suppressed the revolt. Ottoman rule was soon restored.[6]
  • 1864 – Homs became part of Ottoman Syria Vilayet.
  • 1870s – Homs' economic importance was boosted again during the depression of the 1870s, as its cotton industry boomed due to a decline European textile production. One British consul referred to Homs as the "Manchester of Syria."[6]
  • 1887 – Al Ghassania Orthodox School was established.[13]

20th century

21st century

See also

References

  1. Dumper, 2007, p. 171.
  2. 1 2 Cook, 1907, p. 362.
  3. Gil, 1997, pp. 296–97.
  4. le Strange, 1890, p. 353.
  5. Dumper, 2007, p. 172.
  6. 1 2 3 4 5 Dumper, 2007, p. 173.
  7. le Strange, 1890, p. 354.
  8. Yaqut al-Hamawi quoted in le Strange, 1890, p. 356.
  9. Mohammad Amin Sheikho (2011). حقيقة تيمورلنك العظيم تظهر في القرن الواحد والعشرين- الجزء الثاني (in Arabic). دار نور البشير. p. 43.
  10. Collelo, Thomas (1987). "Syria – Ottoman Empire". Syria: A Country Study. GPO for the Library of Congress. Retrieved 28 February 2009.
  11. Shaw, 1977, p. 33
  12. "Rev. H.H. Jessup Dead" (PDF). The New York Times. 29 April 1910.
  13. معالم حمص ومشيداتها الأثرية: المدرسة الغسانية.. منارة للعلم والثقافة خلال قرن من الزمن. Zaman Alwsl (in Arabic). 1 February 2014.
  14. متحف حمص. Directorate-General of Antiquities and Museums (in Arabic). 13 December 2012. Retrieved 3 December 2017.
  15. Cleveland, 2000, p. 215.
  16. "Military Training". All Refer. Retrieved 3 December 2017.
  17. Commins, 2004, p. 130.
  18. Seale, 2007, p. 210.
  19. Winckler, 1998, p. 72.
  20. افتتاح مسرح دار الثقافة بحمص.. مشوح: نجهد للارتقاء بالفكر الثقافي. Discover-Syria (in Arabic). 27 June 2014. Retrieved 2 November 2017.
  21. Population Census Report (1981), Central Bureau of Statistics
  22. PUN Demographic Yearbook (1999)
  23. Bassel al-Assad Stadium in Homs
  24. General Census of Population and Housing 2004. Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS). Homs Governorate. (in Arabic)
  25. "Table 8 - Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 or more inhabitants", Demographic Yearbook – 2018, United Nations
  26. Nicholas Blanford (8 May 2014). "Retreat from Homs: Assad conquers cradle of revolution". The Times. United Kingdom.

Bibliography

34°43′51″N 36°42′34″E / 34.73083°N 36.70944°E / 34.73083; 36.70944

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