The following is a timeline of the history of the municipality of Rotterdam, Netherlands.
Prior to 19th century
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In 1572 Rotterdam was plundered by the Spanish troops of Count Bossu
Map of Rotterdam, 1649
- ca. 950 - Settlement at the lower end of the fen stream Rotte
- 1270 - Dam built on Rotte.
- 1299 - John I, Count of Holland granted rights to the people of Rotterdam, marking the origin of the town.[1]
- 1328 - Latin school established
- 1340 - City rights granted by William IV, Count of Holland.[2]
- 1350 - Rotterdamse Schie (canal) constructed (approximate date).
- 1466 - Erasmus, philosopher and Catholic theologian born.[1]
- 1477 - Saint Lawrence Church consecrated.
- 1489 - Rotterdam besieged by forces of Frans van Brederode.[1]
- 1563 - Fire.[3]
- 1572 - Spanish in power.[1]
- 1574 - Admiralty of Rotterdam organized.
- 1611 - Guild of Saint Luke active (approximate date).
- 1622 - Erasmus statue by Hendrick de Keyser erected.[4][1]
- 1626 - Collegium Mechanicum established.[5]
- 1632 - Population: 20,000 (approximate).[1]
- 1643 - Scottish Presbyterian church built.[6]
- 1722 - Exchange built.[4]
- 1769 - Batavian Society for Experimental Philosophy founded.
- 1773 - Studium Scientiarum Genetrix literary society formed.[7]
- 1780 - Birth of Hendrik Tollens, poet.[1]
- 1781 - Rotterdamse Academie established.
- 1796 - Population: 53,212.[1]
- 1797 - Netherlands Missionary Society founded.
- 1798 - Organ installed in Saint Lawrence Church.[2]
19th century
Plan of Rotterdam in 1873 with plan of expansion
- 1813 - Johan François van Hogendorp van Heeswijk becomes mayor.
- 1835 - Town Hall rebuilt.[2]
- 1838 - Population: 72,000.[8]
- 1844 - Nieuwe Rotterdamsche Courant begins publication.[9]
- 1847 - Delftsche Poort railway station opens.
- 1849 - Boymans Museum opens.[10]
- 1851 - Royal Maas Yacht Club founded.
- 1857 - Zoo opens.[1]
- 1859 - Rotterdamsch Leeskabinet (library) founded.
- 1863 - Rotterdam Bank established.
- 1866 - Population: 115,277.[11]
- 1869 - Feijenoord becomes part of city.[1]
- 1870 - Municipal waterworks established.[1]
- 1872 - Nieuwe Waterweg constructed.
- 1873 - Netherlands-America Steamship Company in business.
- 1874
- Katendrecht village becomes part of city.
- Oldenzeel art gallery in business.[12]
- Fountain installed at Nieuwe Markt.[4]
- Maritime Museum founded.[13]
- 1875
- Post office built.[1]
- Koninklijke Rotterdamsche Lloyd shipping firm in business.
- 1876 - Rotterdamsche reinigingsdienst formed.
- 1877 - Railway Bridge,[4] Rotterdam Zuid railway station, and Rotterdam Beurs railway station open.
- 1878 - Willemsbrug opens.[4]
- 1879
- 1882 - Fish Market built.[4]
- 1885 - Museum for Geography and Ethnology opens.[14]
- 1886 - Delfshaven becomes part of city.[1]
- 1891 - Population: 203,500.[4]
- 1894 - Municipal gas and electricity established.[1]
- 1895 - Charlois and Kralingen become part of city.[1]
- 1898 - Witte Huis built.
- 1900 - "Record office" established.[1]
20th century
- 1904
- Museum van Oudheden (city history museum) in operation in the Schielandshuis.
- Schiecentrale built.
- 1905
- 1908
- Rotterdam Hofplein railway station opens.
- Wilhelmina football club formed.
- 1913 - Netherlands School of Commerce founded.
- 1920 - Voorwaarts newspaper begins publication.[9]
- 1925 - Economic Faculty Association established.
- 1927 - Natural History Museum established.
- 1930
- Rotterdam Philharmonic Orchestra active.
- Naamlooze Vennootschap Margarine Unie in business.[15][16]
- Rotterdams Conservatorium founded.
- 1931
- Rotterdamse Dansschool founded.
- Van Nelle Factory built.
- 1934
- 1937
- Stadion Feijenoord and Rotterdam Stadion railway station open.
- Museum of Taxation founded.[17]
- 1938
- Pieter Oud becomes mayor.
- Yevhen Konovalets is assassinated in Rotterdam by Pavel Sudoplatov.
- 1940
- May 14: Rotterdam Blitz.[18]
- Diergaarde Blijdorp (zoo) re-opens.
- 1941 - Hillegersberg, IJsselmonde, Overschie, and Schiebroek become part of city.
- 1945 - Pieter Oud becomes mayor again.
- 1946
- Plan for the Reconstruction of Rotterdam adopted.
- Algemeen Dagblad begins publication.
- 1953
- 1956 - Airport opens.
- 1957 - Rotterdam Centraal railway station opens.
- 1958 - Arboretum Trompenburg opens.
- 1960
- 1962 - Port of Rotterdam ranked world's busiest port by cargo tonnage.
- 1964
- Rotterdam Lombardijen railway station opens.
- Hilton Hotel built.
- 1965 - Regional Rinjmond Public Authority created.[19]
- 1966 - De Doelen (concert hall and convention centre) rebuilt.
- 1968 - Rotterdam Metro begins operating.
- 1969 - Rotterdam Alexander railway station opens.
- 1970
- Poetry International first performance.
- NRC Handelsblad begins publication, after the merger between Nieuwe Rotterdamsche Courant and Algemeen Handelsblad
- Nedlloyd shipping firm in business.
- Kralingen Music Festival held.
- 1972 International Film Festival Rotterdam first started.
- 1973
- Charlois, Hoogvliet, and Hoek van Holland sub-municipalities created.[20]
- Maasvlakte in operation.
- 1974 - André van der Louw becomes mayor.
- 1975
- Prins Alexander sub-municipality created.[20]
- Werkcentrum Dans founded.
- 1976
- IJsselmonde and Centrum Noord sub-municipalities created.[20]
- Stoom Stichting Nederland railway museum founded.
- 1977 - Sviib (student association) organized.
- 1979 - HNLMS Buffel museum ship opens.
- 1981
- Rotterdam Marathon begins.
- Baroeg (music venue) in business.
- 1982 - Bram Peper becomes mayor.
- 1984
- Zomercarnaval begins.
- Cube houses built near Oude Haven.
- 1986 - Port of Rotterdam ranked world's busiest container port.
- 1988 - Hogeschool Rotterdam established.
- 1990 - Witte de With Center for Contemporary Art[21] and Shipping and Transport College established.[22]
- 1991 - Gebouw Delftse Poort built.
- 1992 - Kunsthal art museum opens.
- 1993
- Netherlands Architecture Institute relocates to Rotterdam.
- Chabot Museum opens.[23]
- 1994 - V2 Institute for the Unstable Media active.
- 1996
- Erasmus Bridge opens.
- Schouwburgplein (square) redesigned.
- 1997 - MAMA project established by Public Art Squad Foundation.[24]
- 1999
- Ivo Opstelten becomes mayor.
- WORM (Rotterdam) active.[25]
- 2000
- Architecture Film Festival Rotterdam begins.
- Codarts University for the Arts opens.
- KPN Tower built.
21st century
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Map of Rotterdam (2009)
- 2001
- World Port Center built.
- Oceanium (aquarium) opens.
- City designated a European Capital of Culture.
- 2002 - Regio Randstad regional governance group formed.[26]
- 2003 - Netherlands Photo Museum opens.
- 2005 - Montevideo (residential skyscraper) built.
- 2006
- North Sea Jazz Festival begins in Rotterdam.
- Rotterdam Circus Arts founded.
- 2007 - RandstadRail and Betuweroute in operation.
- 2009
- Ahmed Aboutaleb becomes first Muslim mayor of a major European city.
- Maastoren skyscraper built.
- 2010
- Rozenburg becomes part of city.
- Pernis sub-municipality created.
- New Orleans (residential skyscraper) built.
- 2010 Tour de France cycling race starts from Rotterdam.
- 2012 - Population: 616,250.
- 2013 Maasvlakte 2 in operation.
- 2014
- Market Hall built.
- Rotterdam Centraal station in operation.
- 2020 - Population: 651,376
- 2021
- Depot Museum Boijmans Van Beuningen.[27]
- De Zalmhaven built.
- Floating Office Rotterdam (FOR)[28] built, accommodating the Global Center on Adaptation.
See also
- History of Rotterdam
- List of mayors of Rotterdam
- List of churches in Rotterdam
- List of national monuments in Rotterdam
- Timelines of other municipalities in the Netherlands: Amsterdam, Breda, Delft, Eindhoven, Groningen, Haarlem, The Hague, 's-Hertogenbosch, Leiden, Maastricht, Nijmegen, Utrecht
References
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1910). . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 23 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 766.
- 1 2 3 "Rotterdam", Belgium and Holland, Leipzig: Karl Baedeker, 1910, OCLC 397759
- ↑ Hammond's Comprehensive Atlas of the World, New York: Hammond & Co., 1913, OCLC 77937509, OL 23470505M
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 "Rotterdam", Belgium and Holland (3rd ed.), Leipsic: Karl Baedeker, 1891, OCLC 5624932, OL 23280595M
- ↑ Arjan Van Dixhoorn; Susie Speakman Sutch, eds. (2008). The Reach of the Republic of Letters: Literary and Learned Societies in the Late Medieval and Early Modern Europe. Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-16955-5.
- ↑ C.B. Black (1908). "Rotterdam". Holland: its Rail, Tram, and Waterways (3rd ed.). London: Adam and Charles Black.
- ↑ Jim Parrott (ed.). "Chronology of Scholarly Societies". Scholarly Societies Project. Canada: University of Waterloo. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016.
- ↑ "Rotterdam", A hand-book for travellers on the continent (2nd ed.), London: John Murray, 1838, OCLC 2030550
- 1 2 Jan van de Plasse (2005). Kroniek van de Nederlandse dagblad- en opiniepers (in Dutch). Otto Cramwinckel. ISBN 978-90-75727-77-7. (timeline)
- ↑ Beschrijving der schilderijen enz. in het Museum te Rotterdam, gesticht door Mr. F. J. O. Boymans. 1859.
- ↑ "Netherlands". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1869. hdl:2027/nyp.33433081590337.
- ↑ Martha Op de Coul (2002). "In search of Van Gogh's Nuenen studio: the Oldenzeel exhibitions of 1903". Van Gogh Museum Journal. Retrieved November 29, 2012.
- ↑ "Maritiem Museum Rotterdam". Retrieved November 29, 2012.
- ↑ "History". Wereldmuseum Rotterdam. Retrieved November 29, 2012.
- ↑ Unilever Nederland. "Onze geschiedenis" (in Dutch). Retrieved November 29, 2012.
- ↑ "History of Unilever". Unilever. Retrieved November 29, 2012.
- ↑ Charles Adams (1999), For Good and Evil: The Impact of Taxes on the Course of History (2nd ed.), Madison Books, ISBN 1568331231, OL 387134M, 1568331231
- ↑ David T. Zabecki (2015). "Chronology of World War II in Europe". World War II in Europe: An Encyclopedia. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-135-81242-3.
- ↑ Major Cities and Their Peripheries: Co-operation and Co-ordinated Management. Local and Regional Authorities in Europe. Council of Europe Press. 1993. ISBN 978-92-871-2394-7.
- 1 2 3 Robert L. Morlan (1982). "Sub-Municipal Governance in Practice: The Rotterdam Experience". Western Political Quarterly. 35 (3): 425–441. doi:10.2307/447555. JSTOR 447555.
- ↑ "Witte de With Contemporary Art". Retrieved November 29, 2012.
- ↑ "History". STC-Group. Archived from the original on December 1, 2012. Retrieved November 29, 2012.
- ↑ "Chabot Museum". Retrieved November 29, 2012.
- ↑ "Showroom MAMA". Archived from the original on April 23, 2013. Retrieved November 29, 2012.
- ↑ "WORM Rotterdam". Myspace. Archived from the original on December 3, 2012. Retrieved November 29, 2012.
- ↑ Randstad Holland, Netherlands. OECD Territorial Reviews. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. 2007. ISBN 978-92-64-00793-2.
- ↑ https://www.mvrdv.nl/projects/10/depot-boijmans-van-beuningen Depot Museum Boymans Van Beuningen
- ↑ https://www.powerhouse-company.com/for-office Floating Office Rotterdam
Bibliography
In English
- Thomas Nugent (1749), "Rotterdam", The Grand Tour, vol. 1: Netherlands, London: S. Birt, hdl:2027/mdp.39015030762598
- "Rotterdam". Gazetteer of the Netherlands. Attributed to Clement Cruttwell. London: G.G.J. and J. Robinson. 1794.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link) - "Rotterdam". Galignani's Traveller's Guide through Holland and Belgium (4th ed.). Paris: A. and W. Galignani. 1822. hdl:2027/njp.32101073846667.
- . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 23 (11th ed.). 1910. p. 766.
- Frans Dieleman & Robert C. Kloosterman (2000). "Room to manoeuvre: governance, the post-industrial economy, and housing provision in Rotterdam". In Mario Polèse & Richard E. Stren (eds.). The Social Sustainability of Cities: Diversity and the Management of Change. University of Toronto Press. ISBN 978-0-8020-8320-3.
- Anton Kreukels; et al., eds. (2005). "Rotterdam". Metropolitan Governance and Spatial Planning: Comparative Case Studies of European City-Regions. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-134-49606-8.
- Stefan Couperus (2016). "Building Democracy Anew: Neighborhood Planning and Political Reform in Post-Blitz Rotterdam". Journal of Urban History. 42.
In Dutch
- Abraham Jacob van der Aa (1847). "Rotterdam". Aardrijkskundig woordenboek der Nederlanden [Geographical dictionary of the Netherlands] (in Dutch). Vol. 9. Gorinchem: Jacobus Noorduyn. hdl:2027/mdp.39015039364024 – via HathiTrust.
- Rotterdam in den loop der eeuwen [Rotterdam in the course of ages] (in Dutch). Rotterdam: W. Nevens. 1906.
- Henri Zondervan, ed. (1921), "Rotterdam", Winkler Prins' Geillustreerde Encyclopaedie (in Dutch), vol. 14 (4th ed.), Amsterdam: Uitgevers-Maatschappy „Elsevier“, hdl:2027/mdp.39015068347924
External links
Media related to History of Rotterdam at Wikimedia Commons- "All buildings in the Netherlands, shaded according to year of construction". Amsterdam: Waag Society. (map that includes Rotterdam)
- Europeana. Items related to Rotterdam, various dates.
- Digital Public Library of America. Items related to Rotterdam, various dates
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