4th century BC
Year | Date | Event |
---|---|---|
328 | Chu military commander Zhuang Qiao invades Yunnan and sets up the Dian Kingdom[1] |
2nd century BC
Year | Date | Event |
---|---|---|
135 BC | Tang Meng creates Jianwei Commandery (modern Zunyi)[1] | |
122 BC | Emperor Wu of Han sends envoys to the southwest in search of a route to Daxia[2] | |
111 BC | Zangke Commandery is created in modern Guiyang and Yelang is vassalized[3] | |
109 BC | Han conquest of Dian: The Dian Kingdom and Tian Kingdom become Han vassals and Yizhou Commandery is created in modern Qujing[3] |
1st century BC
Year | Date | Event |
---|---|---|
86 BC | Rebellion occurs in the southwest[4] | |
83 BC | Rebellion occurs in the southwest[4] | |
27 BC | Aboriginals rebel in the southwest[5] |
1st century
Year | Date | Event |
---|---|---|
12 | Aboriginals in Zangke Commandery (Guizhou) rebel[5] | |
14 | Aboriginals in Yi Province rebel[5] | |
45 | Aboriginals rebel in the southwest[6] | |
51 | An Ailao tribe defects to Han[7] | |
57 | Yongchang Commandery is created in modern Kachin State[6] | |
69 | An Ailao tribe defects to Han[7] |
2nd century
Year | Date | Event |
---|---|---|
107 | Aboriginals rebel in the southwest[6] | |
116 | Aboriginals rebel in the southwest[6] | |
123 | Aboriginals rebel in the southwest[6] | |
146 | Policy of assimilation in the southwest is implemented through education programs[4] | |
156 | Aboriginals rebel in the southwest[6] | |
159 | Aboriginals rebel in the southwest[6] | |
176 | Aboriginals rebel in the southwest[6] |
3rd century
Year | Date | Event |
---|---|---|
225 | Zhuge Liang's Southern Campaign: Zhuge Liang conquers Nanzhong[8] |
4th century
Year | Date | Event |
---|---|---|
338 | Cuan Chen of the Cuanman gains control over Yunnan[9] |
6th century
Year | Date | Event |
---|---|---|
570 | Cuan Zan splits his realm into the Wuman/Black Mywa, ruled by his son Cuan Zhen, in the east and the Baiman/White Mywa, ruled by his eldest son Cuan Wan, in the west | |
593 | The Cuanman rebel in Yunnan[9] | |
597 | A campaign is launched against the Cuanman[9] |
7th century
Year | Date | Event |
---|---|---|
602 | Sui defeats the Cuanman[9] |
8th century
Year | Date | Event |
---|---|---|
703 | Tridu Songtsen of the Tibetan Empire subjugates the White and Black Mywa[10] | |
737 | Piluoge (皮羅閣) unites the six zhaos (kingdoms) of the White Mywa with Tang support[11] | |
751 | Xianyu Zhongtong attacks Nanzhao with an army of 80,000 but is utterly defeated, losing three quarters of his original force[12] | |
754 | Yang Guozhong invades Nanzhao but fails to engage with the enemy until supplies ran out, at which time they were attacked and routed[12] |
9th century
Year | Date | Event |
---|---|---|
801 | Tang and Nanzhao defeat Tibetan Empire and their Abbasid slave soldiers[13] | |
829 | Nanzhao takes Chengdu and captures 20,000 Chinese engineers[14] | |
846 | Nanzhao raids Annam[15] | |
861 | Nanzhao attacks Bo Prefecture and Annam but is repulsed.[16] | |
863 | Nanzhao conquers Annam[17] | |
866 | Gao Pian retakes Annam from Nanzhao[17] | |
869 | Nanzhao lays siege to Chengdu but fails to capture it[18] | |
870 | Nanzhao lays siege to Chengdu (in Sichuan)[17] | |
877 | Nanzhao retreats from Qianzhong Circuit in modern Guizhou[18] |
10th century
Year | Date | Event |
---|---|---|
902 | Zheng Maisi murders the king of Nanzhao and sets up his own Dachanghe regime[9] | |
928 | Zhao Shanzhen kills the king of Dachanghe and sets up Datianxing[9] | |
929 | Yang Hefeng removes Zhao Shanzhen and sets up Dayining[9] | |
937 | Duan Siping defeats Dayining and creates the Dali Kingdom[9] | |
967 | Long Yanyao of Nanning, the Yang clan of Bo Prefecture, and the Tian clan of Si Prefecture submit to the Song dynasty in return for their autonomy[19] | |
Song dynasty recognizes the Bole of the Luodian kingdom, the Mangbu of the Badedian kingdom, and the Awangren of the Yushi kingdom[20] | ||
975 | Emperor Taizu of Song tries to convince Pugui of the Mu'ege Kingdom situated in northwest, central, east, and southeast Guizhou to acquiesce to Song overlordship[21] | |
976 | Song dynasty and aboriginal allies in Guizhou attack the Mu'ege Kingdom, forcing them to retreat to Dafang County[22] | |
980 | Long Yanyao's grandson Long Qiongju presents tribute to the Emperor Taizong of Song[19] | |
995 | Long Hanyao of Nanning presents tribute to the Song court[19] | |
998 | Long Hanyao of Nanning presents tribute to the Song court[19] |
11th century
Year | Date | Event |
---|---|---|
1042 | Song dynasty appoints Degai of the Mu'ege Kingdom as regional inspector[22] | |
1043 | The Yao people of Guiyang rebel[23] | |
1049 | Nong Zhigao of the Zhuang people rebels in Guangnan West Circuit[23] | |
1051 | The Yao rebellion of Guiyang is suppressed[23] | |
1053 | Nong Zhigao's rebellion is suppressed[23] |
12th century
Year | Date | Event |
---|---|---|
1133 | Ayong of the Mu'ege Kingdom leads a large trade delegation of several thousand to the Song city of Luzhou in Sichuan[20] |
13th century
Year | Date | Event |
---|---|---|
1208 | Yao people rebel in Jinghu and are suppressed[24] | |
1252 | summer | Möngke Khan places Kublai Khan in charge of the invasion of the Dali Kingdom[25] |
1253 | September | Kublai Khan's forces set up headquarters on the Jinsha River in western Yunnan and march on Dali in three columns[25] |
1254 | January | The Dali Kingdom is conquered, although its dynasty remains in power, and the king, Duan Xingzhi, is later invested with the title of Maharajah by Möngke Khan; so ends the Dali Kingdom[26] |
winter | Kublai Khan returns to Mongolia and leaves Subutai's son Uryankhadai in charge of campaigns against local Yi tribes[26] | |
1257 | Uriyangkhadai, son of Subutai, pacifies Yunnan and returns to Gansu[26] | |
winter | Mongol invasions of Vietnam: Uriyangkhadai returns to Yunnan and invades the Trần dynasty of Đại Việt[26] |
14th century
Year | Date | Event |
---|---|---|
1332 | March | War of the Two Capitals: Loyalist rebels in Yunnan are defeated[27] |
1360 | Basalawarmi takes control of Yunnan[28] | |
1381 | December | Ming conquest of Yunnan: Ming forces take Qujing[29] |
1382 | April | Ming conquest of Yunnan: Ming forces conquer Yunnan[30] |
1386 | January | Ming–Mong Mao War: Si Lunfa of Mong Mao rebels[31] |
1388 | Ming–Mong Mao War: Mong Mao is defeated by the Ming artillery corps utilizing volley fire[32] | |
1389 | January | Ming forces defeat Yi rebels in Yuezhou[33] |
December | Ming–Mong Mao War: Si Lunfa surrenders to the Ming dynasty[33] | |
1397 | December | Ming–Mong Mao Intervention: Si Lunfa is deposed and requests Ming aid in restoring him to power[34] |
1398 | January | Ming–Mong Mao Intervention: Si Lunfa is restored to power[35] |
15th century
Year | Date | Event |
---|---|---|
1438 | 8 December | Luchuan–Pingmian campaigns: Ming carries out a punitive expedition against Si Renfa of Mong Mao for attacking neighboring tusi, but fails to defeat him[36] |
1441 | 27 February | Luchuan–Pingmian campaigns: Ming forces attack Mong Mao[37] |
1442 | January | Luchuan–Pingmian campaigns: Mong Mao is defeated but Si Renfa escapes to Ava[38] |
1443 | March | Luchuan–Pingmian campaigns: Ming forces defeat Si Jifa but fail to capture him[39] |
1445 | August | Luchuan–Pingmian campaigns: Ava hands over Si Renfa to Ming in return for their support in attacking Hsenwi[40] |
1446 | January | Luchuan–Pingmian campaigns: Si Renfa is executed[40] |
1449 | March | Luchuan–Pingmian campaigns: Ming forces invade Mong Yang for harboring Si Jifa, but he manages to escape again[41] |
1450 | Miao rebellions under the Ming dynasty: Yao and Miao people rebel in Guizhou and Huguang[42] | |
1452 | Miao rebellions under the Ming dynasty: Yao and Miao rebels are suppressed[42] | |
1456 | Miao rebellions under the Ming dynasty: Miao people in Huguang rebel and are suppressed[42] | |
1464 | Hou Dagou of the Yao people rebels in Guangxi[43] | |
1466 | January | Ming forces defeat and capture Hou Dagou, but the rebellion continues anyway[43] |
Miao rebellions under the Ming dynasty: Miao people rebel in Hunan as well as the Sichuan-Guizhou border and are suppressed[44] | ||
1475 | Miao rebellions under the Ming dynasty: Miao people rebel in Hunan and are suppressed[44] | |
1479 | Miao rebellions under the Ming dynasty: Miao people rebel in Sichuan[45] | |
1499 | Yi people rebel in Guizhou[46] |
16th century
Year | Date | Event |
---|---|---|
1502 | Yi rebels in Guizhou are suppressed[46] | |
1589 | Bozhou rebellion: Miao people rebel in Bozhou[47] | |
1592 | 14 July | Ordos Campaign: Ye Mengxiong brings cannons and additional Miao troops to the siege of Ningxia[48] |
1594 | Bozhou rebellion: Ming forces are defeated in Sichuan[49] | |
1598 | Bozhou rebellion: The Miao rebellion is suppressed[49] |
17th century
Year | Date | Event |
---|---|---|
1606 | Army officers in Yunnan riot and kill Yang Rong, a eunuch superintendent of mining[50] | |
1621 | fall | She-An Rebellion: Yi people rebel in Sichuan and Guizhou[51] |
1623 | She-An Rebellion: Ming forces are defeated[51] | |
1624 | She-An Rebellion: Ming forces defeat rebels but are unable to decisively quell the rebellion[51] | |
1629 | She-An Rebellion: The rebels are defeated[51] | |
1656 | March | The Yongli Emperor arrives in Yunnan[52] |
1657 | October | Sun Kewang's forces are defeated by Li Dingguo in eastern Yunnan and he retreats to Guizhou[52] |
1659 | 7 January | Qing forces advance into Yunnan and the Yongli Emperor flees to Toungoo dynasty[53] |
10 March | Qing forces capture Yongchang and defeat Li Dingguo's army, securing Yunnan[53] |
Gallery
- Ancient southern China
- Han conquest of Dian, 109 BC
- Nanzhao, 879
- Song dynasty, 1111
- Dali Kingdom, late 12th century
- Yuan dynasty, 1330
- Qing dynasty, 1820
References
- 1 2 Twitchett 2008, p. 457.
- ↑ Watson 1993, p. 236.
- 1 2 Twitchett 2008, p. 458.
- 1 2 3 Twitchett 2008, p. 459.
- 1 2 3 Twitchett 2008, p. 235.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Twitchett 2008, p. 460.
- 1 2 Twitchett 2008, p. 272.
- ↑ Xiong 2009, p. lxxxviii.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Yang 2008a.
- ↑ Beckwith 1987, p. 64.
- ↑ Wang 2013, p. 103.
- 1 2 Graff 2002, p. 214.
- ↑ Beckwith 1987, p. 157.
- ↑ Herman 2007, pp. 33, 35.
- ↑ Taylor 2013, p. 41.
- ↑ Herman 2007, p. 36.
- 1 2 3 Xiong 2009, p. cxiv.
- 1 2 Herman 2007, p. 37.
- 1 2 3 4 Herman 2007, p. 39.
- 1 2 Herman 2007, p. 43.
- ↑ Herman 2007, p. 40.
- 1 2 Herman 2007, p. 42.
- 1 2 3 4 Twitchett 2009, p. 329.
- ↑ Twitchett 2009, p. 831.
- 1 2 Twitchett 1994, p. 405.
- 1 2 3 4 Twitchett 1994, p. 407.
- ↑ Twitchett 1994, p. 545.
- ↑ Twitchett 1998, p. 72.
- ↑ Twitchett 1998, p. 144.
- ↑ Mote 2003, p. 557.
- ↑ Liew 1996, pp. 163–164.
- ↑ Andrade 2016, p. 158.
- 1 2 Twitchett 1998, p. 160.
- ↑ Fernquest 2006, p. 47.
- ↑ Fernquest 2006, pp. 47–48.
- ↑ Liew 1996, pp. 174–175.
- ↑ Liew 1996, p. 178.
- ↑ Liew 1996, pp. 181–182.
- ↑ Liew 1996, p. 184.
- 1 2 Liew 1996, p. 185.
- ↑ Liew 1996, p. 192.
- 1 2 3 Twitchett 1998, p. 336.
- 1 2 Twitchett 1998, p. 377.
- 1 2 Twitchett 1998, p. 380.
- ↑ Twitchett 1998, p. 383.
- 1 2 Twitchett 1998, p. 381.
- ↑ Lewis 2015, p. 209.
- ↑ Swope 2009, p. 30.
- 1 2 Dardess 2012, p. 9.
- ↑ Twitchett 1998, p. 531.
- 1 2 3 4 Dardess 2012, p. 10.
- 1 2 Twitchett 1998, p. 706.
- 1 2 Twitchett 1998, p. 707.
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- Andrade, Tonio (2016), The Gunpowder Age: China, Military Innovation, and the Rise of the West in World History, Princeton University Press, ISBN 978-0-691-13597-7.
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- Crespigny, Rafe (2007), A Biographical Dictionary of Later Han to the Three Kingdoms (23-220 AD), Brill
- Dardess, John (2012), Ming China 1368-1644 A Concise History of A Resilient Empire, Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc.
- Fernquest, John (2006), Crucible of War: Burma and the Ming in the Tai Frontier Zone (1382-1454)
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