Timeline of the
1988 Atlantic hurricane season
Season summary map
Season boundaries
First system formedMay 31, 1988
Last system dissipatedNovember 24, 1988
Strongest system
NameGilbert
Maximum winds185 mph (295 km/h)
(1-minute sustained)
Lowest pressure888 mbar (hPa; 26.22 inHg)
Longest lasting system
NameJoan
Duration12.5[nb 1] days
Storm articles

The 1988 Atlantic hurricane season was an event in the annual Atlantic hurricane season in the north Atlantic Ocean. It was an active season during which twelve tropical cyclones formed. The season officially began on June 1, 1988 and ended November 30, 1988. These dates, adopted by convention, historically describe the period in each year when most systems form.[1]

Of this season's 12 named storms, 5 attained hurricane status, of which 3 became a major hurricane – a storm that ranks as a Category 3 or higher on the Saffir–Simpson scale. The most notable storm in 1988 was Hurricane Gilbert, which was at the time the most intense hurricane in the Atlantic on record. Hurricane Gilbert caused about $5 billion in damage and 300 fatalities. The other notable storm was Hurricane Joan, which struck Nicaragua as a category 4 hurricane, and caused about $2 billion in damage and about 200 fatalities. Joan crossed into the Pacific and was renamed Miriam. As a result of their intensity, the names Gilbert and Joan were subsequently retired from reuse in the North Atlantic by the World Meteorological Organization.[2]

This timeline documents tropical cyclone formations, strengthening, weakening, landfalls, extratropical transitions, and dissipations during the season. It includes information that was not released throughout the season, meaning that data from post-storm reviews by the National Hurricane Center, such as a storm that was not initially warned upon, has been included.

By convention, meteorologists one time zone when issuing forecasts and making observations: Coordinated Universal Time (UTC), and also use the 24-hour clock (where 00:00 = midnight UTC).[3] In this time line, all information is listed by UTC first with the respective local time included in parentheses.

Timeline

Tropical Storm Keith (1988)Hurricane Joan–MiriamHurricane GilbertHurricane Florence (1988)Hurricane Debby (1988)Tropical Storm Chris (1988)Tropical Storm Beryl (1988)Tropical Depression One (1988)Saffir-Simpson scale

May

T.D. One on May 30
May 30

June

June 1

The 1988 Atlantic hurricane season official begins.

  • 18:00 UTC (2:00 p.m. EDT) – Tropical Depression One makes landfall along the south coast of Mayabeque Province in Cuba.[4]
June 2
  • 00:00 UTC (8:00 p.m. EDT June 1) – Tropical Depression One dissipates over the Cay Sal Bank in the Bahamas.[4]

July

  • No storms in the month of July.

August

Tropical Storm Beryl on August 9
August
August 7
August 8
  • 0600 UTC (2 a.m. EDT) – Tropical Depression Three forms.

[6]

  • 1200 UTC (8 a.m. EDT) – Tropical Depression Three strengthens into Tropical Storm Beryl.[6]
  • 1200 UTC (8 a.m. EDT) – Tropical storm Alberto becomes extratropical.[5]
August 9
  • 0000 UTC (8 p.m. EDT August 8) – Tropical Storm Beryl makes landfall in Southeastern Louisiana.[6]
August 10
  • 0000 UTC (8 p.m. EDT August 9) – Tropical Storm Beryl weakens into a tropical depression.[6]
  • 1800 UTC (2 p.m. EDT) – Tropical Depression Beryl dissipates.[6]
August 12
  • Unknown time: Tropical Depression Four forms near the Bahamas.[7]
August 13
  • Unknown time: Tropical Depression Four makes landfall near the Florida/Georgia.[7]
August 16
  • Unknown time: Tropical Depression Four dissipates near Mississippi.[7]
August 20
  • Unknown time: Tropical Depression Five forms.[8]
  • Unknown time: Tropical Depression Six forms.[8]
August 21
  • 1200 UTC (8 a.m. EDT) – Tropical Depression Seven forms.

[9]

August 23
  • Unknown time: Tropical Depression Six dissipates as it headed towards Central America.[8]
August 25
August 26
  • Unknown time: Tropical Depression Five degenerates into a tropical wave.[8]
August 27
  • Around 0900 UTC (5 a.m. EDT) Tropical Depression Seven makes landfall in Andros Island with winds of 35 mph.[9]
August 28
August 29
August 30
  • Unknown time: Tropical Depression Chris makes landfall in Nova Scotia with winds of 35 mph.[9]
  • Unknown time: The tropical wave from Tropical Depression Five regenerates about 180 mi (290 km) offshore

North Carolina.[8]

  • 1800 UTC (2 p.m. EDT) – Tropical Depression Chris dissipates after emerging from Nova Scotia.[9]
August 31
  • Unknown time – Tropical Depression Five dissipates again.[8]
  • 1800 UTC – Tropical Depression Eight formed in the Bay of Campeche.

September

Hurricane Gilbert near peak intensity
September 2
  • 0600 UTC – Tropical Depression Eight is upgraded to Tropical Storm Debby.
  • 1800 UTC – Tropical Storm Debby is reclassified to Hurricane Debby.
September 3
  • 0000 UTC – Tropical Depression Nine formed in the central Atlantic.
  • 0000 UTC – Hurricane Debby makes landfall in Tuxpan, Mexico.
  • 0600 UTC – Hurricane Debby weakens back to a tropical storm.
  • 1800 UTC – Tropical Storm Debby weakens to a tropical depression.
  • 1800 UTC – Tropical Depression Nine is upgraded to Tropical Storm Ernesto.
  • Unknown time – Tropical Depression Ten formed in the northern Gulf of Mexico.
September 4
  • Unknown time – Tropical Depression Ten makes landfall in Morgan City, Louisiana.
  • Unknown time – Tropical Depression Ten dissipates over the southern United States.
September 5
  • 0600 UTC – Tropical Storm Ernesto is absorbed by a larger extratropical storm.
  • 0600 UTC – Tropical Depression Debby emerges into the Pacific Ocean and is reclassified as Tropical Depression Seventeen-E.
September 7
  • 0000 UTC – Tropical Depression Thirteen formed in the extreme eastern Atlantic.
  • 0600 UTC – Tropical Depression Eleven formed in the central Gulf of Mexico.
  • 1200 UTC – Tropical Depression Thirteen became a tropical storm but went unnamed.
  • 1800 UTC – Tropical Depression Eleven is upgraded to Tropical Storm Florence.
September 8
  • 1800 UTC – Tropical Depression Twelve formed to the east of the Lesser Antilles.
September 9
  • 0000 UTC – The "Unnamed Tropical Storm" attained peak intensity, sustain winds were at 60 mph (95 km/h) and the minimum central pressure was at 994.
  • 1800 UTC – The "Unnamed Tropical Storm" weakened to a tropical depression.
  • 1800 UTC – Tropical Depression Twelve is upgraded to Tropical Storm Gilbert.
  • 1800 UTC – Tropical Storm Florence is upgraded to a hurricane.
September 10
  • 0000 UTC – The Unnamed Tropical Storm" dissipated.
  • 0000 UTC – Hurricane Florence makes landfall on the Mississippi River Delta with winds 80 mph (130 km/h).
  • 0600 UTC – Hurricane Florence weakened to a tropical storm.
  • 1200 UTC – Tropical Storm Florence weakened to a tropical depression.
September 11
  • 0000 UTC – Tropical Storm Gilbert became strengthened into a hurricane.
  • 1200 UTC – Hurricane Gilbert became a category 2 hurricane.
  • 1200 UTC – Tropical Depression Florence dissipated over northeastern Texas.
  • 1800 UTC – Hurricane Gilbert became a category 3 hurricane.
September 12
  • 1700 UTC – Hurricane Gilbert made landfall in Jamaica with sustained winds at 125 mph (200 km/h).
September 13
  • 1200 UTC – Hurricane Gilbert became a category 4 hurricane.
  • 1800 UTC – Hurricane Gilbert became a category 5 hurricane.
September 14
  • 0000 UTC – Hurricane Gilbert attained its peak intensity as a category 5 with sustained winds at 185 mph (300 km/h) and a minimum pressure of 888, the second lowest pressure recorded in the Atlantic.
  • 1500 UTC – Hurricane Gilbert makes landfall in the Yucatán Peninsula, winds were at 165 mph (265 km/h).
  • 1800 UTC – Hurricane Gilbert weakened to a category 4 hurricane.
September 15
  • 0000 UTC – Hurricane Gilbert weakened to a category 3 hurricane.
  • 0600 UTC – Hurricane Gilbert weakened to a category 2 hurricane.
September 16
  • 0000 UTC – Hurricane Gilbert strengthened into a category 3 hurricane.
  • 2200 UTC – Hurricane Gilbert made landfall in La Pesca, Tamaulipas with winds at 130 mph (210 km/h).
September 17
  • 0000 UTC – Hurricane Gilbert rapidly weakened into a category 1 hurricane.
  • 0600 UTC – Hurricane Gilbert weakened to a tropical storm.
  • 1800 UTC – Tropical Storm Gilbert weakened to a tropical depression.
September 19
  • 1200 UTC – Tropical Depression Gilbert dissipated over Texas.
  • 1800 UTC – Tropical Depression Fourteen formed.[10]
September 20
  • 0600 UTC – Tropical Depression Fourteen is upgraded to Tropical Storm Helene.[10]
September 21
September 22
  • 0600 UTC – Hurricane Helene becomes a category 2 hurricane.[10]
  • 1800 UTC – Hurricane Helene strengthened into a category 3 hurricane.[10]
September 23
  • 1200 UTC – Hurricane Helene becomes a category 4 hurricane.[10]
  • 1800 UTC – Hurricane Helene attained peak intensity, maximum sustained winds were at 145 mph (235 km/h) and the minimum pressure was at 938 mbar.[10]
September 24
  • 1200 UTC – Hurricane Helene weakened back to a category 3 hurricane.[10]
September 25
  • 1200 UTC – Hurricane Helene weakened back to a category 2 hurricane.[10]
September 26
  • 1200 UTC – Hurricane Helene weakened back to a category 1 hurricane.[10]
September 28
  • 1800 UTC – Hurricane Helene re-strengthened into a category 2 hurricane.[10]
  • 1800 UTC – Tropical Depression Sixteen formed in the southern portion of the North Atlantic.[11]
September 29
  • 1800 UTC – Hurricane Helene weakened back to a category 1 hurricane.[10]
September 30
  • 1200 UTC – Hurricane Helene became extratropical.[10]
  • 1800 UTC – Tropical Depression Sixteen is upgraded to Tropical Storm Isaac.[11]

October

Storm track of Hurricane Joan, the track continuing into the Pacific Ocean is the track of Tropical Storm Miriam.
October 1
  • 0000 UTC – Tropical Storm Isaac reached peak intensity; maximum sustained winds were at 45 mph and the minimum central pressure was at 1005 mbar.[11]
  • 1200 UTC (8 p.m. EDT) – Tropical Depression Isaac dissipates near Grenada.
October 10
  • 1800 UTC (2 p.m. EDT) – Tropical Depression Seventeen forms.[12]
October 11
  • 0600 UTC (2 a.m. EDT) – Tropical Depression Seventeen strengthens into Tropical Storm Joan.[12]
October 17
  • 0000 UTC (8 p.m. EDT October 16) – Tropical Storm Joan makes landfall in Venezuela with winds of 60 mph.[12]
  • 0600 UTC (2 a.m. EDT) – Tropical Storm Joan makes landfall in the Guajira Peninsula in Venezuela with winds of 65 mph.[12]
October 18
  • 0000 UTC (8 p.m. EDT October 17) – Tropical Storm Joan strengthens into Hurricane Joan.[12]
October 19
  • 0000 UTC (8 p.m. EDT October 18) – Hurricane Joan strengthens into a category 2 hurricane.[12]
October 20
  • Unknown time: Tropical Depression Eighteen forms north of Colombia.[8]
  • 0000 UTC (8 p.m. EDT October 19) – Hurricane Joan strengthens into a category 3 hurricane.[12]
  • 0600 UTC (2 a.m. EDT) – Hurricane Joan weakens to a category 2 hurricane.[12]
October 21
  • Unknown time: Tropical Depression Eighteen dissipates.
  • 0000 UTC (8 p.m. EDT October 20) – Hurricane Joan weakens into a category 1 hurricane.[12]
  • 0600 UTC (2 a.m. EDT) – Hurricane Joan strengthens back to a category 2 hurricane.[12]
October 22
  • 0000 UTC (8 p.m. EDT October 21) – Hurricane Joan strengthens to a category 4 hurricane.[12]
  • 1100 UTC (7 a.m. EDT) – Hurricane Joan makes landfall south of Bluefields, Nicaragua with winds at 145 mph.[12]
  • 1800 UTC (2 p.m. EDT) – Hurricane Joan rapidly weakened to a category 1 hurricane.[12]
October 23
  • 0600 UTC (2 a.m. EDT) – Hurricane Joan weakens to a tropical storm and exits into the Pacific Ocean, Tropical Storm Joan is renamed Tropical Storm Miriam.[12]

November

Storm path of Tropical Storm Keith
November 17
  • 1700 UTC (1 p.m. EDT) – Tropical Depression Twelve forms in the central Caribbean Sea.

[13]

November 20
November 21
  • 0800 UTC (4 a.m. EDT) – Tropical Storm Keith makes landfall in the Yucatán Peninsula with winds of 70 mph.[13]
  • 0500 UTC (1 a.m. EDT) – Tropical Storm Keith makes landfall in Sarasota, Florida with winds of 65 mph.[13]
November 24
  • 1700 UTC (1 p.m. EDT) – Tropical Storm Keith becomes extratropical while about 145 miles northwest of Bermuda.[13]
November 30
  • The 1988 Atlantic hurricane season officially ends.

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ Denotes number of days Hurricane Joan existed in the Atlantic basin, before crossing over into the Eastern Pacific.

References

  1. ↑ Dorst, Neal (June 1, 2018). "Hurricane Season Information". Frequently Asked Questions About Hurricanes. Miami, Florida: NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory. Retrieved June 29, 2020.
  2. ↑ "Tropical Cyclone Naming History and Retired Names". miami, Florida: NOAA National Hurricane Center. Retrieved July 10, 2020.
  3. ↑ "Understanding the Date/Time Stamps". miami, Florida: NOAA National Hurricane Center. Retrieved July 10, 2020.
  4. 1 2 3 David M. Roth (2012). Extended Best Track Database for CLIQR program (Report). College Park, Maryland: Weather Prediction Center. Retrieved December 25, 2015.
  5. 1 2 3 4 National Hurricane Center (1988). "Preliminary Report for Tropical Storm Alberto". Retrieved March 28, 2007.
  6. 1 2 3 4 5 National Hurricane Center (1988). "Preliminary Report for Tropical Storm Beryl". Retrieved October 11, 2009.
  7. 1 2 3 National Hurricane Center (1988). "Tropical Depression Four". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved October 19, 2009.
  8. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 National Hurricane Center (1988). "Atlantic Tropical Systems of 1988" (PDF). Retrieved October 19, 2009.
  9. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Storm pulse (1988). "Tropical Storm Chris – Storm Pulse". Archived from the original on October 15, 2009. Retrieved October 11, 2009.
  10. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 "Hurricane Helene Preliminary Report". National Hurricane Center. November 10, 1988. Retrieved February 22, 2010.
  11. 1 2 3 Lawrence, Miles (October 30, 1988). "Tropical Storm Isaac Preliminary Report". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved February 22, 2010.
  12. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 National Hurricane Center (1988). "Hurricane Joan – Storm Pulse". Archived from the original on September 11, 2010. Retrieved October 19, 2009.
  13. 1 2 3 4 5 National Hurricane Center (1988). "Preliminary Report for Tropical Storm Keith". Retrieved October 11, 2009.
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