| Timeline of the 2023 Atlantic hurricane season | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 Season summary map | |||||
| Season boundaries | |||||
| First system formed | January 16, 2023 | ||||
| Last system dissipated | October 29, 2023 | ||||
| Strongest system | |||||
| Name | Lee | ||||
| Maximum winds | 165 mph (270 km/h) (1-minute sustained) | ||||
| Lowest pressure | 926 mbar (hPa; 27.35 inHg) | ||||
| Longest lasting system | |||||
| Name | Philippe | ||||
| Duration | 12.75 days | ||||
| |||||
The 2023 Atlantic hurricane season saw an above average number of named storms and an average number of hurricanes and major hurricanes (category 3 or higher on the 5-level Saffir–Simpson wind speed scale). There were twenty named storms during the season;[nb 1] seven of them strengthened into hurricanes, and three of those reached major hurricane intensity.[1] The season officially began on June 1, 2023, and ended on November 30. These dates, adopted by convention, historically describe the period in each year when most subtropical or tropical cyclones form in the Atlantic.[2] However, tropical cyclone formation is possible at any time of the year, as was the case this season, when an unnamed subtropical storm formed on January 16.[3] The last system to dissipate was Hurricane Tammy, on October 29.
This timeline documents tropical cyclone formations, strengthening, weakening, landfalls, extratropical transitions, and dissipations during the season. It includes information that was not released throughout the season, meaning that data from post-storm reviews by the National Hurricane Center, such as a storm that was not initially warned upon, has been included.
By convention, meteorologists use one time zone when issuing forecasts and making observations: Coordinated Universal Time (UTC), and also use the 24-hour clock (where 00:00 = midnight UTC).[4] The National Hurricane Center uses both UTC and the time zone where the center of the tropical cyclone is currently located. The time zones utilized (east to west) are: Greenwich, Cape Verde, Atlantic, Eastern, and Central.[5] In this timeline, all information is listed by UTC first, with the respective regional time zone included in parentheses. Additionally, figures for maximum sustained winds and position estimates are rounded to the nearest 5 units (knots, miles, or kilometers), following National Hurricane Center practice. Direct wind observations are rounded to the nearest whole number. Atmospheric pressures are listed to the nearest millibar and nearest hundredth of an inch of mercury.
Timeline
January
January 16
The unnamed subtropical storm off the coast of New England on January 16
- 12:00 UTC (8:00 a.m. AST) at 37°06′N 66°06′W / 37.1°N 66.1°W – A subtropical storm forms about 345 mi (555 km) southeast of Nantucket, Massachusetts.[nb 2][6]
January 17
- 00:00 UTC (8:00 p.m. AST, January 16) at 39°48′N 61°36′W / 39.8°N 61.6°W – The unnamed subtropical storm reaches peak intensity with maximum sustained winds of 70 mph (110 km/h) and a minimum central pressure of 976 mbar (28.82 inHg), about 345 mi (555 km) south-southeast of Halifax, Nova Scotia.[6]
- 12:45 UTC (8:45 a.m. AST) at 45°54′N 60°00′W / 45.9°N 60.0°W – The unnamed subtropical storm makes landfall at Louisbourg, Nova Scotia, with sustained winds of 50 mph (85 km/h).[6]
- 18:00 UTC (2:00 p.m. AST) at 48°24′N 60°12′W / 48.4°N 60.2°W – The unnamed subtropical storm transitions to a post-tropical low south of the coast of far eastern Quebec, and subsequently dissipates.[6]
June
June 1
- The Atlantic hurricane season officially begins.[2]
- 12:00 UTC (7:00 a.m. CDT) at 27°42′N 86°12′W / 27.7°N 86.2°W – Tropical Depression Two forms off the western coast of Florida.[7]
June 2
- 18:00 UTC (1:00 p.m. CDT) at 27°18′N 86°24′W / 27.3°N 86.4°W – Tropical Depression Two strengthens into Tropical Storm Arlene.[7]
June 3
- 00:00 UTC (7:00 p.m. CDT, June 2) at 25°54′N 85°42′W / 25.9°N 85.7°W – Tropical Storm Arlene reaches peak intensity with maximum sustained winds of 40 mph (65 km/h) and a minimum central pressure of 998 mbar (29.47 inHg).[7]
- 06:00 UTC (1:00 a.m. CDT) at 25°00′N 85°36′W / 25.0°N 85.6°W – Tropical Storm Arlene weakens to a tropical depression.[7]
- 12:00 UTC (8:00 a.m. EDT) at 24°24′N 85°18′W / 24.4°N 85.3°W – Tropical Depression Arlene degenerates into a remnant low, and subsequently dissipates.[7]
June 19
- 06:00 UTC (2:00 a.m. AST) at 10°42′N 37°18′W / 10.7°N 37.3°W – Tropical Depression Three forms from a tropical wave about 1,495 mi (2,410 km) east of Barbados.[8]
- 18:00 UTC (2:00 p.m. AST) at 11°06′N 40°54′W / 11.1°N 40.9°W – Tropical Depression Three strengthens into Tropical Storm Bret about 1,100 mi (1,770 km) east of Barbados.[8]
June 22
Tropical Storm Bret (left) and Tropical Depression Four (right) approaching the Windward Islands on June 22
- 00:00 UTC (8:00 p.m. AST, June 21) at 10°24′N 39°54′W / 10.4°N 39.9°W – Tropical Depression Four forms from a tropical wave over the central tropical Atlantic.[9]
- 06:00 UTC (2:00 a.m. AST) at 13°30′N 55°54′W / 13.5°N 55.9°W – Tropical Storm Bret reaches peak intensity with maximum sustained winds of 70 mph (110 km/h) and a minimum central pressure of 996 mbar (29.41 inHg), east of Barbados.[8]
June 23
- 00:00 UTC (8:00 p.m. AST, June 22) at 11°30′N 44°48′W / 11.5°N 44.8°W – Tropical Depression Four strengthens into Tropical Storm Cindy east of the Lesser Antilles.[9]
- 03:15 UTC (2:15 a.m. AST) at 13°18′N 61°12′W / 13.3°N 61.2°W – Tropical Storm Bret makes landfall with sustained winds of 65 mph (100 km/h) on Saint Vincent, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines.[8]
June 24
- 06:00 UTC (2:00 a.m. AST) at 14°36′N 51°12′W / 14.6°N 51.2°W – Tropical Storm Cindy reaches peak intensity with maximum sustained winds of 50 mph (80 km/h) and a minimum central pressure of 1004 mbar (29.65 inHg).[9]
- 12:00 UTC (8:00 a.m. EDT) at 13°00′N 70°54′W / 13.0°N 70.9°W – Tropical Storm Bret opens into a trough about 70 mi (110 km) northwest of Aruba, and subsequently dissipates.[8]
June 26
- 03:00 UTC (11:00 p.m. AST, June 25) at 22°48′N 60°00′W / 22.8°N 60.0°W – Tropical Storm Cindy degenerates to an open wave about 375 mi (605 km) north-northeast of the Northern Leeward Islands.[nb 3][11]
July
July 14
- 00:00 UTC (8:00 p.m. AST, July 13) at 32°30′N 46°42′W / 32.5°N 46.7°W – Subtropical Storm Don forms from an area of low pressure about 1,180 mi (1,900 km) southwest of the Azores.[12]
July 16
- 12:00 UTC (8:00 a.m. AST) at 38°54′N 48°30′W / 38.9°N 48.5°W – Subtropical Storm Don weakens to a subtropical depression about 1,150 mi (1,850 km) west of the Azores.[12]
July 17
Hurricane Don off the coast of Atlantic Canada on July 22
- 06:00 UTC (6:00 a.m. GMT) at 39°18′N 45°00′W / 39.3°N 45.0°W – Subtropical Depression Don transitions to a tropical depression about 960 mi (1,545 km) west of the Azores.[12]
July 18
- 00:00 UTC (12:00 a.m. GMT) at 37°48′N 40°54′W / 37.8°N 40.9°W – Tropical Depression Don strengthens into a tropical storm about 750 mi (1,205 km) west of the Azores.[12]
July 22
- 18:00 UTC (2:00 p.m. AST) at 39°30′N 50°06′W / 39.5°N 50.1°W – Tropical Storm Don strengthens into a Category 1 hurricane and simultaneously reaches peak intensity with maximum sustained winds of 75 mph (120 km/h) and a minimum central pressure of 986 mbar (29.12 inHg), about 1,230 mi (1,980 km) west-northwest of the Azores.[12]
July 23
- 06:00 UTC (5:00 a.m. AST) at 42°00′N 49°24′W / 42.0°N 49.4°W – Hurricane Don weakens to a tropical storm about 1,190 mi (1,915 km) northwest of the Azores.[12]
July 24
- 06:00 UTC (6:00 a.m. GMT) at 46°42′N 44°06′W / 46.7°N 44.1°W – Tropical Storm Don transitions to a post-tropical cyclone about 1,020 mi (1,640 km) northwest of the Azores.[12]
August
August 19
- 06:00 UTC (2:00 a.m. AST) at 15°24′N 47°48′W / 15.4°N 47.8°W – Tropical Depression Six forms from a tropical wave east of the northern Leeward Islands.[13]
August 20
- 00:00 UTC (8:00 p.m. AST, August 19) at 18°00′N 36°42′W / 18.0°N 36.7°W – Tropical Storm Emily forms from a tropical wave over the open tropical Atlantic.[14]
- 12:00 UTC (8:00 a.m. AST) at 19°24′N 38°18′W / 19.4°N 38.3°W – Tropical Storm Emily reaches peak intensity with maximum sustained winds of 50 mph (85 km/h) and a minimum central pressure of 998 mbar (29.47 inHg).[14]
- 12:00 UTC (8:00 a.m. AST) at 16°42′N 53°30′W / 16.7°N 53.5°W – Tropical Depression Six strengthens into Tropical Storm Gert east of the northern Leeward Islands.[13]
- 21:00 UTC (5:00 p.m. AST) at 14°36′N 67°06′W / 14.6°N 67.1°W – Tropical Storm Franklin forms from an area of low pressure about 270 mi (435 km) south-southeast of Isla Saona, Dominican Republic.[15]
August 21
- 06:00 UTC (2:00 a.m. AST) at 20°36′N 40°36′W / 20.6°N 40.6°W – Tropical Storm Emily degenerates to a remnant low.[nb 4][14]
- 12:00 UTC (8:00 a.m. AST) at 17°06′N 57°30′W / 17.1°N 57.5°W – Tropical Storm Gert weakens to a tropical depression about 375 mi (605 km) east of the northern Leeward Islands.[13]
- 21:00 UTC (4:00 p.m. AST) at 25°12′N 91°36′W / 25.2°N 91.6°W – Tropical Depression Nine forms about 375 mi (605 km) east-southeast of Port Mansfield, Texas.[nb 5][18]
August 22
- 06:00 UTC (1:00 a.m. CDT) at 25°48′N 94°24′W / 25.8°N 94.4°W – Tropical Depression Nine strengthens into Tropical Storm Harold about 195 mi (315 km) east-southeast of Port Mansfield.[19]
- 12:00 UTC (8:00 a.m. AST) at 17°24′N 59°30′W / 17.4°N 59.5°W – Tropical Depression Gert degenerates to a remnant low east-southeast of the northern Leeward Islands.[13]
- 15:00 UTC (10:00 a.m. CDT) at 27°06′N 97°24′W / 27.1°N 97.4°W – Tropical Storm Harold reaches peak intensity with maximum sustained winds of 50 mph (85 km/h) and a minimum central pressure of 996 mbar (29.41 inHg), and simultaneously makes landfall at Padre Island, Texas, about 35 mi (55 km) north of Port Mansfield.[20][21]
- 21:00 UTC (4:00 p.m. CDT) at 27°36′N 99°18′W / 27.6°N 99.3°W – Tropical Storm Harold weakens to a tropical depression about 15 mi (25 km) east of Laredo, Texas.[22]
August 23
- 12:00 UTC (8:00 a.m. EDT) at 17°54′N 71°12′W / 17.9°N 71.2°W – Tropical Storm Franklin makes landfall with sustained winds of 50 mph (85 km/h), about 25 miles (40 km) south-southwest of Barahona, Dominican Republic.[23]
- 15:00 UTC (10:00 a.m. CDT) at 30°24′N 104°24′W / 30.4°N 104.4°W – Tropical Depression Harold degenerates to a remnant low about 155 mi (250 km) southeast of El Paso, Texas.[24]
August 26
- 15:00 UTC (11:00 a.m. AST) at 23°30′N 66°42′W / 23.5°N 66.7°W – Tropical Storm Franklin strengthens into a Category 1 hurricane about 315 mi (505 km) east-northeast of Grand Turk Island.[25]
- 21:00 UTC (4:00 p.m. CDT) at 21°06′N 86°06′W / 21.1°N 86.1°W – Tropical Depression Ten forms about 65 mi (105 km) northeast of Cozumel, Quintana Roo.[26]
August 27
- 15:00 UTC (11:00 a.m. AST) at 25°06′N 69°18′W / 25.1°N 69.3°W – Hurricane Franklin intensifies to Category 2 strength about 275 mi (445 km) north-northeast of Grand Turk Island.[27]
- 15:15 UTC (10:15 a.m. CDT) at 19°54′N 85°48′W / 19.9°N 85.8°W – Tropical Depression Ten strengthens into Tropical Storm Idalia about 80 mi (130 km) east-southeast of Cozumel.[28]
August 28
- 09:00 UTC (5:00 a.m. EDT) at 27°12′N 70°48′W / 27.2°N 70.8°W – Hurricane Franklin intensifies to Category 3 strength about 395 mi (635 km) north of Grand Turk Island.[29]
- 11:35 UTC (7:35 a.m. EDT) at 27°24′N 70°48′W / 27.4°N 70.8°W – Hurricane Franklin intensifies to Category 4 strength about 405 mi (650 km) north of Grand Turk Island.[30]
August 29
Hurricane Franklin displaying annular characteristics on August 29
- 00:00 UTC (8:00 p.m. EDT, August 28) at 29°00′N 71°06′W / 29.0°N 71.1°W – Hurricane Franklin reaches peak intensity with maximum sustained winds of 150 mph (240 km/h) and a minimum central pressure of 926 mbar (27.34 inHg), about 440 mi (710 km) west-southwest of Bermuda.[31]
- 00:00 UTC (8:00 p.m. AST, August 28) at 27°42′N 51°42′W / 27.7°N 51.7°W – Tropical Depression Eleven forms over the central subtropical Atlantic from a tropical wave.[32]
- 09:00 UTC (4:00 a.m. CDT) at 22°06′N 85°00′W / 22.1°N 85.0°W – Tropical Storm Idalia strengthens into a Category 1 hurricane about 85 mi (135 km) north of the western tip of Cuba.[33]
- 18:00 UTC (2:00 p.m. EDT) at 31°00′N 70°12′W / 31.0°N 70.2°W – Hurricane Franklin weakens to Category 3 strength about 330 mi (530 km) west-southwest of Bermuda.[34]
- 21:00 UTC (5:00 p.m. EDT) at 26°06′N 84°48′W / 26.1°N 84.8°W – Hurricane Idalia intensifies to Category 2 strength about 195 mi (315 km) southwest of Tampa, Florida.[35]
August 30
- 06:00 UTC (2:00 a.m. EDT) at 28°18′N 84°30′W / 28.3°N 84.5°W – Hurricane Idalia intensifies to Category 3 strength about 100 mi (160 km) southwest of Cedar Key, Florida.[36]
- 09:00 UTC (5:00 a.m. EDT) at 29°06′N 84°06′W / 29.1°N 84.1°W – Hurricane Idalia intensifies to Category 4 strength and simultaneously reaches peak intensity with maximum sustained winds of 130 mph (215 km/h) and a minimum central pressure of 940 mbar (27.76 inHg), about 60 mi (95 km) west of Cedar Key.[37]
- 09:00 UTC (5:00 a.m. AST) at 33°00′N 68°12′W / 33.0°N 68.2°W – Hurricane Franklin weakens to Category 2 strength about 205 mi (330 km) west-northwest of Bermuda.[38]
- 11:00 UTC (7:00 a.m. EDT) at 29°36′N 83°48′W / 29.6°N 83.8°W – Hurricane Idalia weakens to Category 3 strength about 55 mi (90 km) northwest of Cedar Key.[39]
- 11:45 UTC (7:45 a.m. EDT) at 29°48′N 83°36′W / 29.8°N 83.6°W – Hurricane Idalia makes landfall with sustained winds of 125 mph (205 km/h), about 20 mi (30 km) south of Perry, Florida.[40]
- 13:00 UTC (9:00 a.m. EDT) at 30°12′N 83°30′W / 30.2°N 83.5°W – Hurricane Idalia weakens to Category 2 strength about 20 mi (30 km) south-southwest of Madison, Florida.[41]
- 15:00 UTC (11:00 a.m. EDT) at 30°36′N 83°12′W / 30.6°N 83.2°W – Hurricane Idalia weakens to Category 1 strength about 15 mi (25 km) south-southeast of Valdosta, Georgia.[42]
- 21:00 UTC (5:00 p.m. EDT) at 32°12′N 81°42′W / 32.2°N 81.7°W – Hurricane Idalia weakens to a tropical storm about 40 mi (65 km) west of Savannah, Georgia.[43]
August 31
- 00:00 UTC (8:00 p.m. AST, August 30) at 28°18′N 52°06′W / 28.3°N 52.1°W – Tropical Depression Eleven strengthens into Tropical Storm Jose.[32]
- 18:00 UTC (2:00 p.m. AST) at 28°36′N 57°00′W / 28.6°N 57.0°W – Remnants of Gert re-developes into a tropical depression far north of the Leeward Islands.[13]
- 21:00 UTC (5:00 p.m. AST) at 36°00′N 60°06′W / 36.0°N 60.1°W – Hurricane Franklin weakens to Category 1 strength about 370 mi (595 km) northeast of Bermuda.[44]
- 21:00 UTC (5:00 p.m. EDT) at 33°30′N 73°30′W / 33.5°N 73.5°W – Tropical Storm Idalia transitions to an extratropical cyclone about 65 mi (105 km) southeast of Cape Hatteras, North Carolina.[45]
September
September 1
Three tropical cyclones, Franklin (top center), Gert (bottom center), and Jose (right), simultaneously active in the open Atlantic on September 1; Post‑Tropical Cyclone Idalia (left) is also visible
- 00:00 UTC (8:00 p.m. AST, August 13) at 31°36′N 52°30′W / 31.6°N 52.5°W – Tropical Storm Jose reaches peak intensity with maximum sustained winds of 65 mph (100 km/h) and a minimum central pressure of 996 mbar (29.41 inHg).[32]
- 15:00 UTC (2:00 p.m. CVT) at 19°36′N 28°18′W / 19.6°N 28.3°W – Tropical Depression Twelve forms from an area of low pressure about 375 mi (605 km) northwest of Cabo Verde.[46]
- 18:00 UTC (2:00 p.m. AST) at 27°54′N 54°48′W / 27.9°N 54.8°W – Tropical Depression Gert re-strengthens to a tropical storm.[13]
- 18:00 UTC (2:00 p.m. AST) at 37°24′N 49°48′W / 37.4°N 49.8°W – Tropical Storm Jose becomes absorbed into Post‑Tropical Cyclone Franklin.[32]
- 21:00 UTC (5:00 p.m. AST) at 39°30′N 53°48′W / 39.5°N 53.8°W – Hurricane Franklin transitions to an extratropical cyclone about 790 mi (1,270 km) northeast of Bermuda.[nb 6][48]
September 2
- 09:00 UTC (8:00 a.m. CVT) at 22°42′N 29°24′W / 22.7°N 29.4°W – Tropical Depression Twelve strengthens into Tropical Storm Katia about 580 mi (935 km) northwest of Cabo Verde.[49]
- 21:00 UTC (5:00 p.m. AST) at 25°00′N 30°30′W / 25.0°N 30.5°W – Tropical Storm Katia reaches peak intensity with maximum sustained winds of 60 mph (95 km/h) and a minimum central pressure of 998 mbar (29.47 inHg), about 750 mi (1,205 km) north-northwest of Cabo Verde.[50]
September 3
- 00:00 UTC (8:00 p.m. AST, September 2) at 28°36′N 58°30′W / 28.6°N 58.5°W – Tropical Storm Gert reaches peak intensity with maximum sustained winds of 60 mph (95 km/h) and a minimum central pressure of 998 mbar (29.47 inHg).[13]
September 4
- 03:00 UTC (3:00 a.m. GMT) at 27°06′N 33°24′W / 27.1°N 33.4°W – Tropical Storm Katia weakens to a tropical depression about 975 mi (1,570 km) northwest of Cabo Verde.[51]
- 15:00 UTC (11:00 a.m. AST) at 39°24′N 58°00′W / 39.4°N 58.0°W – Tropical Storm Gert degenerates into a remnant low and later dissipates.[13]
- 21:00 UTC (9:00 p.m. GMT) at 28°00′N 34°24′W / 28.0°N 34.4°W – Tropical Depression Katia degenerates to a remnant low about 1,060 mi (1,705 km) northwest of Cabo Verde.[52]
September 5
- 15:00 UTC (11:00 a.m. AST) at 12°30′N 40°12′W / 12.5°N 40.2°W – Tropical Depression Thirteen forms from a tropical wave about 1,425 mi (2,295 km) east of the Lesser Antilles.[53]
- 21:00 UTC (5:00 p.m. AST) at 13°12′N 41°48′W / 13.2°N 41.8°W – Tropical Depression Thirteen strengthens into Tropical Storm Lee about 1,315 mi (2,115 km) east of the Lesser Antilles.[54]
September 6
- 21:00 UTC (5:00 p.m. AST) at 14°54′N 46°24′W / 14.9°N 46.4°W – Tropical Storm Lee strengthens into a Category 1 hurricane about 1,130 mi (1,820 km) east of the northern Leeward Islands.[55]
September 7
- 15:00 UTC (11:00 a.m. AST) at 16°24′N 50°00′W / 16.4°N 50.0°W – Hurricane Lee intensifies to Category 2 strength about 870 mi (1,400 km) northeast of the northern Leeward Islands.[56]
- 15:00 UTC (2:00 p.m. CVT) at 15°42′N 26°24′W / 15.7°N 26.4°W – Tropical Depression Fourteen forms from a tropical wave about 160 mi (255 km) west of Cabo Verde.[57]
- 21:00 UTC (5:00 p.m. AST) at 16°54′N 51°18′W / 16.9°N 51.3°W – Hurricane Lee rapidly intensifies to Category 4 strength about 780 mi (1,255 km) east of the northern Leeward Islands.[58]
- 21:00 UTC (8:00 p.m. CVT) at 16°48′N 28°18′W / 16.8°N 28.3°W – Tropical Depression Fourteen strengthens into Tropical Storm Margot about 290 mi (465 km) west-northwest of Cabo Verde.[59]
September 8
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- 03:00 UTC (11:00 p.m. AST, September 7) at 17°18′N 52°24′W / 17.3°N 52.4°W – Hurricane Lee intensifies to Category 5 strength about 705 mi (1,135 km) east of the northern Leeward Islands.[60]
- 09:00 UTC (5:00 a.m. AST) at 17°48′N 53°30′W / 17.8°N 53.5°W – Hurricane Lee reaches peak intensity with maximum sustained winds of 165 mph (270 km/h) and a minimum central pressure of 926 mbar (27.34 inHg), about 630 mi (1,015 km) east of the northern Leeward Islands.[61]
- 15:00 UTC (11:00 a.m. AST) at 18°12′N 54°30′W / 18.2°N 54.5°W – Hurricane Lee weakens to Category 4 strength about 565 mi (910 km) east of the northern Leeward Islands.[62]
September 9
- 03:00 UTC (11:00 p.m. AST, September 8) at 19°18′N 56°30′W / 19.3°N 56.5°W – Hurricane Lee weakens to Category 3 strength about 440 mi (710 km) east of the northern Leeward Islands.[63]
September 10
- 03:00 UTC (11:00 p.m. AST, September 9) at 21°00′N 59°54′W / 21.0°N 59.9°W – Hurricane Lee weakens to Category 2 strength about 285 mi (460 km) northeast of the northern Leeward Islands.[64]
- 21:00 UTC (5:00 p.m. AST) at 22°06′N 61°42′W / 22.1°N 61.7°W – Hurricane Lee re-intensifies to Category 3 strength and simultaneously reaches a secondary peak with maximum sustained winds of 120 mph (195 km/h) about 285 mi (460 km) north-northeast of the northern Leeward Islands.[65]
September 11
- 21:00 UTC (9:00 p.m. GMT) at 27°00′N 39°48′W / 27.0°N 39.8°W – Tropical Storm Margot strengthens into a Category 1 hurricane about 1,265 mi (2,035 km) northwest of Cabo Verde.[66]
September 13
- 15:00 UTC (3:00 p.m. GMT) at 34°06′N 40°24′W / 34.1°N 40.4°W – Hurricane Margot reaches peak intensity with maximum sustained winds of 90 mph (150 km/h) and a minimum central pressure of 970 mbar (28.64 inHg), about 795 mi (1,280 km) west-southwest of the Azores.[67]
- 18:00 UTC (2:00 p.m. AST) at 26°48′N 67°30′W / 26.8°N 67.5°W – Hurricane Lee weakens to Category 2 strength about 420 mi (675 km) south-southwest of Bermuda.[68]
September 14
- 15:00 UTC (11:00 a.m. AST) at 30°24′N 68°18′W / 30.4°N 68.3°W – Hurricane Lee weakens to Category 1 strength about 245 mi (395 km) west-southwest of Bermuda.[69]
September 15
- 06:00 UTC (2:00 a.m. AST) at 13°36′N 42°12′W / 13.6°N 42.2°W – Tropical Depression Fifteen forms from a tropical wave over the tropical Atlantic.[70]
- 09:00 UTC (9:00 a.m. GMT) at 36°42′N 38°36′W / 36.7°N 38.6°W – Hurricane Margot weakens to a tropical storm about 645 mi (1,040 km) west of the Azores.[71]
September 16
- 09:00 UTC (5:00 a.m. AST) at 41°48′N 66°00′W / 41.8°N 66.0°W – Hurricane Lee transitions to an extratropical cyclone about 230 mi (370 km) south-southwest of Halifax, Nova Scotia.[nb 7][74]
September 17
- 00:00 UTC (8:00 p.m. AST, September 16) at 21°24′N 47°36′W / 21.4°N 47.6°W – Tropical Depression Fifteen strengthens into Tropical Storm Nigel.[70]
- 15:00 UTC (3:00 p.m. GMT) at 34°36′N 42°24′W / 34.6°N 42.4°W – Tropical Storm Margot transitions to a post-tropical cyclone about 885 mi (1,425 km) west of the Azores.[75]
September 18
- 06:00 UTC (2:00 a.m. AST) at 26°00′N 50°36′W / 26.0°N 50.6°W – Tropical Storm Nigel strengthens into a Category 1 hurricane.[70]
September 19
Hurricane Nigel nearing Category 2 strength, as viewed from the International Space Station on September 19
- 18:00 UTC (2:00 p.m. AST) at 31°06′N 54°42′W / 31.1°N 54.7°W – Hurricane Nigel intensifies to Category 2 strength.[70]
September 20
- 00:00 UTC (8:00 p.m. AST, September 19) at 32°24′N 55°00′W / 32.4°N 55.0°W – Hurricane Nigel reaches peak intensity with maximum sustained winds of 100 mph (155 km/h) and a minimum central pressure of 971 mbar (28.67 inHg) over the Central Atlantic.[70]
- 12:00 UTC (8:00 a.m. AST) at 35°12′N 54°42′W / 35.2°N 54.7°W – Hurricane Nigel weakens to Category 1 strength.[70]
September 22
- 06:00 UTC (6:00 a.m. GMT) at 45°24′N 34°24′W / 45.4°N 34.4°W – Hurricane Nigel transitions to an extratropical cyclone, and subsequently dissipates.[70]
- 18:00 UTC (2:00 p.m. EDT) at 32°42′N 76°00′W / 32.7°N 76.0°W – Tropical Storm Ophelia forms from a non-tropical area of low pressure about 150 mi (240 km) southeast of Cape Fear, North Carolina.[nb 8][77]
September 23
- 09:00 UTC (5:00 a.m. EDT) at 34°18′N 76°54′W / 34.3°N 76.9°W – Tropical Storm Ophelia reaches peak intensity with maximum sustained winds of 70 mph (110 km/h) and a minimum central pressure of 981 mbar (28.97 inHg), about 25 mi (40 km) southwest of Cape Lookout, North Carolina.[78]
- 10:15 UTC (6:15 a.m. EDT) at 34°42′N 77°00′W / 34.7°N 77.0°W – Tropical Storm Ophelia makes landfall near Emerald Isle, North Carolina with sustained winds of 70 mph (110 km/h), about 25 mi (40 km) west-northwest of Cape Lookout.[79]
- 15:00 UTC (11:00 a.m. AST) at 15°36′N 38°48′W / 15.6°N 38.8°W – Tropical Depression Seventeen forms about 985 mi (1,585 km) west of Cape Verde.[80]
- 21:00 UTC (5:00 p.m. AST) at 15°36′N 39°42′W / 15.6°N 39.7°W – Tropical Depression Seventeen strengthens into Tropical Storm Philippe about 1,045 mi (1,680 km) west of Cabo Verde.[81]
September 24
- 00:00 UTC (8:00 p.m. EDT, September 23) at 37°00′N 77°36′W / 37.0°N 77.6°W – Tropical Storm Ophelia weakens to a tropical depression about 40 mi (65 km) south-southwest of Richmond, Virginia.[82]
- 03:00 UTC (11:00 p.m. EDT, September 23) at 37°06′N 77°36′W / 37.1°N 77.6°W – Tropical Depression Ophelia degenerates to a remnant low about 30 mi (50 km) south-southwest of Richmond, Virginia.[83]
September 27
- 15:00 UTC (11:00 a.m. AST) at 17°30′N 53°42′W / 17.5°N 53.7°W – Tropical Storm Philippe reaches peak intensity with maximum sustained winds of 50 mph (85 km/h) and a minimum central pressure of 998 mbar (29.47 inHg), about 620 mi (1,000 km) east of the northern Leeward Islands.[84]
September 28
- 06:00 UTC (2:00 a.m. AST) at 15°36′N 44°30′W / 15.6°N 44.5°W – Tropical Storm Rina forms east of the northern Leeward Islands.[85]
September 29
Infrared satellite loop of tropical storms Philippe (left) and Rina (right) early on September 29
- 06:00 UTC (2:00 a.m. AST) at 18°36′N 46°24′W / 18.6°N 46.4°W – Tropical Storm Rina reaches peak intensity with maximum sustained winds of 50 mph (85 km/h) and a minimum central pressure of 999 mbar (29.50 inHg) east of the Northern Leeward Islands.[85]
October
October 1
- 18:00 UTC (2:00 p.m. AST) at 25°48′N 55°18′W / 25.8°N 55.3°W – Tropical Storm Rina degenerates into a remnant low northeast of the northern Leeward Islands.[85]
October 2
- 22:00 UTC (6:00 p.m. AST) at 17°42′N 61°48′W / 17.7°N 61.8°W – Tropical Storm Philippe makes landfall on Barbuda with sustained winds of 50 mph (85 km/h), about 40 mi (65 km) north of Antigua.[86]
October 6
- 15:00 UTC (11:00 a.m. AST) at 30°42′N 64°36′W / 30.7°N 64.6°W – Tropical Storm Philippe transitions to a post-tropical cyclone about 110 mi (175 km) south of Bermuda.[87]
October 11
- 03:00 UTC (11:00 p.m. AST, October 10) at 9°42′N 32°00′W / 9.7°N 32.0°W – Tropical Depression Nineteen forms about 690 mi (1,110 km) southwest of Cabo Verde.[88]
- 09:00 UTC (5:00 a.m. AST) at 10°18′N 33°06′W / 10.3°N 33.1°W – Tropical Depression Nineteen strengthens into Tropical Storm Sean about 725 mi (1,165 km) west-southwest of Cabo Verde.[89]
October 12
- 03:00 UTC (11:00 p.m. AST, October 11) at 12°00′N 36°12′W / 12.0°N 36.2°W – Tropical Storm Sean weakens to a tropical depression about 860 mi (1,385 km) west-southwest of Cabo Verde.[90]
- 15:00 UTC (11:00 a.m. AST) at 13°06′N 37°12′W / 13.1°N 37.2°W – Tropical Depression Sean re-strengthens to a tropical storm about 905 mi (1,455 km) west of Cabo Verde.[91]
October 13
- 09:00 UTC (5:00 a.m. AST) at 14°18′N 40°30′W / 14.3°N 40.5°W – Tropical Storm Sean reaches peak intensity with maximum sustained winds of 45 mph (75 km/h) and a minimum central pressure of 1004 mbar (29.65 inHg), about 1,105 mi (1,780 km) west of Cabo Verde.[92]
October 14
- 15:00 UTC (11:00 a.m. AST) at 16°00′N 44°12′W / 16.0°N 44.2°W – Tropical Storm Sean weakens to a tropical depression about 860 mi (1,385 km) east of the northern Leeward Islands.[93]
October 16
- 03:00 UTC (11:00 p.m. AST, October 15) at 18°12′N 44°12′W / 18.2°N 44.2°W – Tropical Depression Sean degenerates into a remnant low about 905 mi (1,455 km) east of the northern Leeward Islands.[94]
October 18
- 21:00 UTC (5:00 p.m. AST) at 13°00′N 51°42′W / 13.0°N 51.7°W – Tropical Storm Tammy forms about 625 mi (1,005 km) east of the Windward Islands.[95]
October 20
- 14:00 UTC (10:00 a.m. AST) at 14°06′N 58°30′W / 14.1°N 58.5°W – Tropical Storm Tammy strengthens into a Category 1 hurricane about 90 mi (145 km) northeast of the Barbados.[96]
October 22
- 01:15 UTC (9:15 p.m. AST October 21) at 17°36′N 61°48′W / 17.6°N 61.8°W – Hurricane Tammy makes landfall with sustained winds of 85 mph (135 km/h) on the island of Barbuda.[97]
October 23
- 21:00 UTC (5:00 p.m. EDT) at 11°36′N 83°30′W / 11.6°N 83.5°W – Tropical Depression Twenty-One forms about 35 mi (55 km) southeast of Bluefields, Nicaragua.[98]
October 24
- 09:00 UTC (5:00 a.m. EDT) at 13°06′N 84°00′W / 13.1°N 84.0°W – Tropical Depression Twenty-One makes landfall about 75 mi (120 km) north of Bluefields.[99]
- 15:00 UTC (11:00 a.m. EDT) at 13°36′N 84°48′W / 13.6°N 84.8°W – Tropical Depression Twenty-One dissipates inland about 130 mi (210 km) north-northwest of Bluefields.[nb 9][101]
October 25
Hurricane Tammy at peak intensity on October 25
- 09:00 UTC (5:00 a.m. AST) at 25°36′N 60°12′W / 25.6°N 60.2°W – Hurricane Tammy intensifies to Category 2 strength about 540 mi (870 km) south-southeast of Bermuda.[102]
- 15:00 UTC (11:00 a.m. AST) at 26°36′N 59°18′W / 26.6°N 59.3°W – Hurricane Tammy reaches peak intensity with maximum sustained winds of 105 mph (165 km/h) and a minimum central pressure of 965 mbar (28.50 inHg) about 515 mi (830 km) southeast of Bermuda.[103]
October 26
- 03:00 UTC (11:00 p.m. AST, October 25) at 29°54′N 57°48′W / 29.9°N 57.8°W – Hurricane Tammy weakens to Category 1 strength about 445 mi (715 km) east-southeast of Bermuda.[104]
- 09:00 UTC (5:00 a.m. AST) at 30°30′N 58°24′W / 30.5°N 58.4°W – Hurricane Tammy transitions into a post-tropical cyclone about 395 mi (635 km) east-southeast of Bermuda.[105]
October 27
- 15:00 UTC (11:00 a.m. AST) at 32°12′N 61°06′W / 32.2°N 61.1°W – Extratropical Cyclone Tammy redevelops into a tropical storm about 215 mi (345 km) east of Bermuda.[106]
October 29
- 09:00 UTC (5:00 a.m. AST) at 32°24′N 53°18′W / 32.4°N 53.3°W – Tropical Storm Tammy transitions into a post-tropical cyclone about 670 mi (1,080 km) east of Bermuda.[107]
November
- No tropical cyclones form in the basin during the month of November.[nb 10]
November 30
- The Atlantic hurricane season officially ends.[2]
See also
Notes
- ↑ The total includes an unnamed, belatedly recognized subtropical storm in January.
- ↑ This system was not given the subtropical storm designation by the National Hurricane Center until May 11, 2023, following a review of data gathered on it operationally. While retroactively recognized as the first storm of the 2023 Atlantic hurricane season, it was not given a name.[3]
- ↑ The National Hurricane Center continued to monitor Cindy's remnants until June 28 due to potential for regeneration.[10]
- ↑ The National Hurricane Center continued to monitor Emily's remnants until August 25 due to potential for regeneration.[16]
- ↑ Due to the threat the developing system posed to south Texas, the National Hurricane Center initiated advisories on it, designating it Potential Tropical Cyclone Nine at 15:00 UTC (10:00 a.m. CDT) on August 21.[17]
- ↑ The National Hurricane Center continued to monitor ex-Franklin until September 7 due to potential for regeneration.[47]
- ↑ On September 16, Extratropical Cyclone Lee made landfall on Long Island, in southwestern Nova Scotia, at 20:00 UTC (4:00 p.m. AST) with sustained winds of 70 mph (115 km/h),[72] and near St. John, New Brunswick a few hours later. Then, overnight into September 17, it traversed Prince Edward Island, on its way towards Newfoundland.[73]
- ↑ Due to the threat the developing system posed to the southeastern U.S. coast, the National Hurricane Center initiated advisories on it, designating it Potential Tropical Cyclone Sixteen at 15:00 UTC (11:00 a.m. EDT) on September 21.[76]
- ↑ The remnants of the depression crossed over Central America and contributed to the formation of Tropical Storm Pilar in the Eastern Pacific.[100]
- ↑ At 21:00 UTC on November 16 (4:00 p.m. EST), the National Hurricane Center initiated advisories on a disturbance over the southwestern Caribbean Sea due to the threat it posed to Jamaica, eastern Cuba, Haiti, southeastern Bahamas, and Turks and Caicos Islands, designating it Potential Tropical Cyclone Twenty-Two.[108] The last advisory on the system was issued at 03:00 UTC on November 18 (10:00 p.m. EST, November 17), after it became evident that the disturbance would not become a tropical cyclone or bring sustained tropical-storm-force winds to land areas along its projected path.[109]
References
- ↑ Henson, Bob; Masters, Jeff (November 30, 2023). "The unusual 2023 Atlantic hurricane season ends". New Haven, Connecticut: Yale Climate Connections. Retrieved November 30, 2023.
- 1 2 3 "Hurricanes Frequently Asked Questions". Miami, Florida: Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory. June 1, 2023. Retrieved June 1, 2023.
- 1 2 Barker, Aaron (May 11, 2023). "First storm of 2023 hurricane season formed in January, NHC says". Fox Weather. Retrieved May 12, 2022.
- ↑ "Understanding the Date/Time Stamps". Miami, Florida: NOAA National Hurricane Center. Retrieved July 10, 2020.
- ↑ "Update on National Hurricane Center Products and Services for 2020" (PDF). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. April 20, 2020. Retrieved May 12, 2023.
- 1 2 3 4 Papin, Philippe; Cangialosi, John; Beven, John (July 6, 2023). Tropical Cyclone Report: Unnamed Subtropical Storm (PDF) (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved July 6, 2023.
- 1 2 3 4 5 Reinhart, Brad (July 13, 2023). Tropical Cyclone Report: Tropical Storm Arlene (PDF) (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved July 13, 2023.
- 1 2 3 4 5 Brown, Daniel; Kelly, Larry (October 24, 2023). Tropical Cyclone Report: Tropical Storm Bret (PDF) (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved November 1, 2023.
- 1 2 3 Cangialosi, John (July 27, 2023). Tropical Cyclone Report: Tropical Storm Cindy (PDF) (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved July 27, 2023.
- ↑ Berg, Robbie (June 28, 2023). Seven-Day Graphical Tropical Weather Outlook (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved July 23, 2023.
- ↑ Beven, John (June 25, 2023). Remnants of Cindy Advisory Number 16 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved June 26, 2023.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Landsea, Christopher (November 15, 2023). Tropical Cyclone Report: Hurricane Don (PDF) (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved December 5, 2023.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Kelly, Larry (November 30, 2023). Tropical Cyclone Report: Tropical Storm Gert (PDF) (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved December 2, 2023.
- 1 2 3 Cangialosi, John (November 8, 2023). Tropical Cyclone Report: Tropical Storm Emily (PDF) (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved November 9, 2023.
- ↑ Papin, Philippe (August 20, 2023). Tropical Storm Franklin Advisory Number 1 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved August 21, 2023.
- ↑ Reinhart, Brad (August 25, 2023). Seven-Day Graphical Tropical Weather Outlook (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved August 26, 2023.
- ↑ Cangialosi, John (August 21, 2023). Potential Tropical Cyclone Nine Advisory Number 1 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved August 22, 2023.
- ↑ Cangialosi, John (August 21, 2023). Tropical Depression Nine Advisory Number 2 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved August 22, 2023.
- ↑ Pasch, Richard (August 22, 2023). Tropical Storm Harold Intermediate Advisory Number 3A (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved August 22, 2023.
- ↑ Cangialosi, John (August 22, 2023). Tropical Storm Harold Advisory Number 5 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved August 22, 2023.
- ↑ Cangialosi, John (August 22, 2023). Tropical Storm Harold Intermediate Advisory Number 5A (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved August 22, 2023.
- ↑ Cangialosi, John (August 22, 2023). Tropical Depression Harold Advisory Number 6 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved August 22, 2023.
- ↑ Berg, Robbie (August 23, 2023). Tropical Storm Franklin Intermediate Advisory Number 11A (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved August 23, 2023.
- ↑ Carbin, Greg (August 23, 2023). Remnants of Harold Advisory Number 9 (Report). College Park, Maryland: Weather Prediction Center. Retrieved August 23, 2023.
- ↑ Kelly, Larry; Pasch, Richard (August 26, 2023). Hurricane Franklin Advisory Number 24 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved August 26, 2023.
- ↑ Pasch, Richard (August 26, 2023). Tropical Depression Ten Advisory Number 1 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved August 26, 2023.
- ↑ Kelly, Larry; Pasch, Richard (August 27, 2023). Hurricane Franklin Advisory Number 28 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved August 27, 2023.
- ↑ Pasch, Richard (August 27, 2023). Tropical Storm Idalia Tropical Cyclone Update (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved August 27, 2023.
- ↑ Papin, Philippe (August 28, 2023). Hurricane Franklin Advisory Number 31 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved August 28, 2023.
- ↑ Kelly, Larry; Brown, Daniel (August 28, 2023). Hurricane Franklin Tropical Cyclone Update (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved August 28, 2023.
- ↑ Cangialosi, John (August 28, 2023). Hurricane Franklin Intermediate Advisory Number 33A (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved August 29, 2023.
- 1 2 3 4 Brown, Daniel (December 19, 2023). Tropical Cyclone Report: Tropical Storm Jose (PDF) (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved December 19, 2023.
- ↑ Blake, Eric (August 29, 2023). Hurricane Idalia Advisory Number 11 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved August 29, 2023.
- ↑ Kelly, Larry (August 29, 2023). Hurricane Franklin Intermediate Advisory Number 36A (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved August 29, 2023.
- ↑ Berg, Robbie (August 29, 2023). Hurricane Idalia Advisory Number 13 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved August 29, 2023.
- ↑ Blake, Eric (August 30, 2023). Hurricane Idalia Intermediate Advisory Number 14A (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved August 30, 2023.
- ↑ Blake, Eric (August 30, 2023). Hurricane Idalia Advisory Number 15 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved August 30, 2023.
- ↑ Papin, Philippe (August 30, 2023). Hurricane Franklin Advisory Number 39 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved August 30, 2023.
- ↑ Brown, Daniel; Stevenson, Stephanie (August 30, 2023). Hurricane Idalia Tropical Cyclone Update (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved August 30, 2023.
- ↑ Brown, Daniel; Stevenson, Stephanie (August 30, 2023). Hurricane Idalia Tropical Cyclone Update (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved August 30, 2023.
- ↑ Brown, Daniel; Stevenson, Stephanie (August 30, 2023). Hurricane Idalia Tropical Cyclone Update (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved August 30, 2023.
- ↑ Berg, Robbie (August 30, 2023). Hurricane Idalia Advisory Number 16 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved August 30, 2023.
- ↑ Berg, Robbie (August 30, 2023). Tropical Storm Idalia Advisory Number 17 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved August 30, 2023.
- ↑ Reinhart, Brad (August 31, 2023). Hurricane Franklin Advisory Number 45 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved August 31, 2023.
- ↑ Berg, Robbie (August 31, 2023). Post-Tropical Cyclone Idalia Advisory Number 21 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved August 31, 2023.
- ↑ Berg, Robbie (September 1, 2023). Tropical Depression Twelve Advisory Number 1 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved September 1, 2023.
- ↑ Kelly, Larry (September 7, 2023). Seven-Day Graphical Tropical Weather Outlook (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved September 7, 2023.
- ↑ Reinhart, Brad (September 1, 2023). Post-Tropical Storm Franklin Advisory Number 49 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved September 1, 2023.
- ↑ Roberts, Dave (September 2, 2023). Tropical Storm Katia Advisory Number 4 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved September 2, 2023.
- ↑ Blake, Eric (September 2, 2023). Tropical Storm Katia Advisory Number 6 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved September 3, 2023.
- ↑ Cangialosi, John (September 4, 2023). Tropical Depression Katia Advisory Number 11 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved September 4, 2023.
- ↑ Blake, Eric (September 4, 2023). Post-Tropical Cyclone Katia Advisory Number 14 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved September 4, 2023.
- ↑ Blake, Eric (September 5, 2023). Tropical Depression Thirteen Advisory Number 1 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved September 5, 2023.
- ↑ Blake, Eric (September 5, 2023). Tropical Storm Lee Advisory Number 2 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved September 5, 2023.
- ↑ Brown, Daniel (September 6, 2023). Hurricane Lee Advisory Number 6 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved September 6, 2023.
- ↑ Zelinsky, David (September 7, 2023). Hurricane Lee Advisory Number 9 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved September 7, 2023.
- ↑ Kelly, Larry; Camposano, Samantha (September 7, 2023). Tropical Depression Fourteen Advisory Number 1 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved September 7, 2023.
- ↑ Zelinsky, David (September 7, 2023). Hurricane Lee Advisory Number 10 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved September 7, 2023.
- ↑ Kelly, Larry; Camposano, Samantha (September 7, 2023). Tropical Storm Margot Advisory Number 2 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved September 7, 2023.
- ↑ Berg, Robbie (September 7, 2023). Hurricane Lee Advisory Number 11 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved September 7, 2023.
- ↑ Cangialosi, John (September 8, 2023). Hurricane Lee Advisory Number 12 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved September 8, 2023.
- ↑ Brown, Daniel (September 8, 2023). Hurricane Lee Advisory Number 13 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved September 8, 2023.
- ↑ Berg, Robbie (September 8, 2023). Hurricane Lee Advisory Number 15 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved September 8, 2023.
- ↑ Papin, Philippe (September 9, 2023). Hurricane Lee Advisory Number 19 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved September 9, 2023.
- ↑ Brown, Daniel (September 10, 2023). Hurricane Lee Advisory Number 22 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved September 10, 2023.
- ↑ Blake, Eric; Taylor, Zack (September 11, 2023). Hurricane Margot Advisory Number 18 (Report). College Park, Maryland: Weather Prediction Center. Retrieved September 11, 2023.
- ↑ Orrison, Andrew; Blake, Eric (September 13, 2023). Hurricane Margot Advisory Number 25 (Report). College Park, Maryland: Weather Prediction Center. Retrieved September 14, 2023.
- ↑ Cangialosi, John (September 13, 2023). Hurricane Lee Intermediate Advisory Number 33A (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved September 13, 2023.
- ↑ Brown, Daniel (September 14, 2023). Hurricane Lee Advisory Number 37 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved September 14, 2023.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Kelly, Larry (December 19, 2023). Tropical Cyclone Report: Hurricane Nigerl (PDF) (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved December 21, 2023.
- ↑ Reinhart, Brad (September 15, 2023). Hurricane Margot Advisory Number 32 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved September 15, 2023.
- ↑ Mahoney, Aiden; Hogsett, Wallace; Cangialosi, John; Bucci, Lisa (September 16, 2023). Post-Tropical Cyclone Lee Tropical Cyclone Update (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved September 16, 2023.
- ↑ Urquhart, Mia (September 17, 2023). "New Brunswickers clean up in Lee's wake, thousands still without power". CBC News. Retrieved September 17, 2023.
- ↑ Berg, Robbie (September 16, 2023). Hurricane Lee Advisory Number 44 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved September 16, 2023.
- ↑ Zelinsky, David (September 17, 2023). Post-Tropical Cyclone Margot Advisory Number 41 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved September 17, 2023.
- ↑ Brown, Daniel (September 21, 2023). Potential Tropical Cyclone Sixteen Advisory Number 1 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved September 22, 2023.
- ↑ Reinhart, Brad (September 22, 2023). Tropical Storm Ophelia Intermediate Advisory Number 5A (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved September 22, 2023.
- ↑ Kelly, Larry; Cangialosi, John (September 23, 2023). Tropical Storm Ophelia Advisory Number 8 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved September 23, 2023.
- ↑ Kelly, Larry; Cangialosi, John; Papin, Phillipe; Delgado, Sandy (September 23, 2023). Tropical Storm Ophelia Tropical Cyclone Update (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved September 23, 2023.
- ↑ Zelinsky, David (September 23, 2023). Tropical Depression Seventeen Advisory Number 1 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved September 23, 2023.
- ↑ Zelinsky, David (September 23, 2023). Tropical Storm Philippe Advisory Number 2 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved September 24, 2023.
- ↑ Berg, Robbie (September 23, 2023). Tropical Depression Ophelia Intermediate Advisory Number 10A (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved September 23, 2023.
- ↑ Berg, Robbie (September 23, 2023). Post-Tropical Cyclone Ophelia Advisory Number 11 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved September 23, 2023.
- ↑ Kelly, Larry (September 27, 2023). Tropical Storm Philippe Advisory Number 17 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved October 6, 2023.
- 1 2 3 Reinhart, Brad (November 22, 2023). Tropical Cyclone Report: Tropical Storm Rina (PDF) (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved November 22, 2023.
- ↑ Roberts, Dave; Pasch, Richard (October 2, 2023). Tropical Storm Philippe Tropical Cyclone Update (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved October 2, 2023.
- ↑ Berg, Robbie (October 6, 2023). Post-Tropical Cyclone Philippe Advisory Number 53 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved October 6, 2023.
- ↑ Brown, Daniel (October 10, 2023). Tropical Depression Nineteen Advisory Number 1 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved October 10, 2023.
- ↑ Blake, Eric (October 11, 2023). Tropical Storm Sean Advisory Number 2 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved October 11, 2023.
- ↑ Berg, Robbie (October 11, 2023). Tropical Depression Sean Advisory Number 5 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved October 11, 2023.
- ↑ Kelly, Larry (October 12, 2023). Tropical Storm Sean Advisory Number 7 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved October 12, 2023.
- ↑ Reinhart, Brad (October 13, 2023). Tropical Storm Sean Advisory Number 10 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved October 14, 2023.
- ↑ Kelly, Larry (October 14, 2023). Tropical Depression Sean Advisory Number 15 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved October 14, 2023.
- ↑ Berg, Robbi th e (October 15, 2023). Post-Tropical Cyclone Sean Advisory Number 21 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved October 16, 2023.
- ↑ Berg, Robbie (October 18, 2023). Tropical Storm Tammy Advisory Number 1 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved October 18, 2023.
- ↑ Brown, Daniel (October 20, 2023). Hurricane Tammy Tropical Cyclone Update (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved October 20, 2023.
- ↑ Kelly, Larry; Pasch, Richard (October 21, 2023). Hurricane Tammy Tropical Cyclone Update (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved October 21, 2023.
- ↑ Delgado, Sandy; Cangialosi, John (October 23, 2023). Tropical Depression Twenty-One Advisory Number 1 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved October 23, 2023.
- ↑ Kelly, Larry (October 24, 2023). Tropical Depression Twenty-One Advisory Number 3 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved October 24, 2023.
- ↑ Bucci, Lisa; Zelensky, Rachel (October 25, 2023). Tropical Weather Outlook (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved November 3, 2023.
- ↑ Bucci, Lisa (October 24, 2023). Remnants Of Twenty-One Advisory Number 4 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved October 24, 2023.
- ↑ Kelly, Larry (October 25, 2023). Hurricane Tammy Advisory Number 28 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved October 25, 2023.
- ↑ Bucci, Kisa; Zelinsky, Rachel (October 25, 2023). Hurricane Tammy Advisory Number 29 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved October 25, 2023.
- ↑ Reinhart, Brad (October 25, 2023). Hurricane Tammy Advisory Number 31 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved October 25, 2023.
- ↑ Kelly, Larry (October 26, 2023). Post-Tropical Cyclone Tammy Advisory Number 32 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved October 26, 2023.
- ↑ Pasch, Richard (October 27, 2023). Tropical Storm Tammy Advisory Number 33 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved October 27, 2023.
- ↑ Cangialosi, John (October 29, 2023). Tropical Storm Tammy Advisory Number 40 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved October 29, 2023.
- ↑ Berg, Robbie (November 16, 2023). Potential Tropical Cyclone Twenty-Two Advisory Number 1 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved November 18, 2023.
- ↑ Reinhart, Brad (November 17, 2023). Potential Tropical Cyclone Twenty-Two Discussion Number 6 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved November 18, 2023.
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