Tirat Zvi
טִירַת צְבִי‎
Tirat Zvi is located in Jezreel Valley region of Israel
Tirat Zvi
Tirat Zvi
Tirat Zvi is located in Israel
Tirat Zvi
Tirat Zvi
Coordinates: 32°25′18″N 35°31′28″E / 32.42167°N 35.52444°E / 32.42167; 35.52444
CountryIsrael
DistrictNorthern
CouncilValley of Springs
AffiliationReligious Kibbutz Movement
Founded30 June 1937
Founded byGerman, Polish and Romanian Jews
Population
 (2021)
975[1]
Websitetiratzvi.org.il

Tirat Zvi (Hebrew: טִירַת צְבִי, lit. Zvi Castle) is a religious kibbutz in the Beit She'an Valley, ten kilometers south of the city of Beit She'an, Israel, just west of the Jordan River and the Israel-Jordan border. It falls under the jurisdiction of Valley of Springs Regional Council. In 2021 it had a population of 975.[1]

Etymology

Tirat Zvi means Zvi's Fort. It was named after Rabbi Zvi Hirsch Kalischer (1795-1874), one of the fathers of the Zionist Movement and a leader of Hovevei Zion, while the tira or "fort" refers to a two-story mud-brick structure purchased from the Arab landowner, Musa al-Alami.[2]

History

Tirat Zvi 1939
Tirat Zvi 1937

The kibbutz was founded on 30 June 1937, during the 1936–1939 Arab revolt in Palestine, as part of the Tower and Stockade settlement enterprise. The founders were Jews from Germany, Poland and Romania[2] and came from three groups: Kvutzat Rodges near Petah Tikva, Kvutzat Shahal near Rehovot, and Kfar Yavetz.[2] The Rodges group was named after the German village where the Religious Zionist hakhshara centre (agricultural farm preparing youth for aliyah, or resettlement in Mandate Palestine) was located through which many of the founders of Tirat Zvi had passed. Kvutzat Shahal was named after the founder of the Mizrachi movement, Shmuel Chaim Landau (1892–1928), known by his Hebrew acronym "ShaChaL", or "lion".

Tirat Zvi synagogue

The kibbutz was attacked on 28 February 1938, still during the Arab revolt, by a group of armed Arabs. The attack was repelled with many casualties on both sides.[2] On 20 February 1948, before the neighboring Arab nations officially joined the 1948 Arab–Israeli War, a battalion of the Arab Liberation Army led by Muhammed Safa attacked Tirat Zvi. The ALA unit was repelled after 60 of the attackers being killed. One kibbutz member, Naftali Friedlander, was also killed in the fighting.

The settlement of Tirat Zvi was established on the land of the now-depopulated villages of al-Khunayzir and al-Zarra'a.[3]

Climate

Tirat Zvi sits 220 meters below sea level. On 21 June 1942, it recorded the highest daytime temperature in Asia (54 °C; 129.2 °F),[4] although the validity of this measurement has been questioned. Based on the published thermograph data it seems to have been somewhere between 52.0 to 54.4 °C and possibly less than it.[5]

Economy

The kibbutz operates a meat processing factory, Tiv, which sells its products locally and abroad. Tirat Zvi is the largest date-palm grower in Israel, with 18,000 trees.[6] The kibbutz also has a lulav business. Working with scientists from the Volcani Institute, Tirat Zvi developed a method of preserving the palm fronds for several months, allowing them to be harvested in the spring and sold in the fall, for use on the holiday of Sukkot. In 2009, it produced 70,000 lulavs.[6]

References

  1. 1 2 "Regional Statistics". Israel Central Bureau of Statistics. Retrieved 22 February 2023.
  2. 1 2 3 4 History of Kibbutz Tirat Zvi Yorav
  3. ↑ Khalidi, W. (1992). All That Remains: The Palestinian Villages Occupied and Depopulated by Israel in 1948. Washington D.C.: Institute for Palestine Studies. p. 54. ISBN 0-88728-224-5.
  4. ↑ "Eastern Hemisphere: Highest Temperature". World Meteorological Organization. Archived from the original on 2016-08-25. Retrieved 2013-07-18.
  5. ↑ Christopher, Burt. "Hottest Reliably Measured Air Temperatures on Earth". Weather Underground. Retrieved 3 July 2017. The record is questioned by Christopher C. Burt (one of the initiators of the WMO investigation into the now-disqualified El Azizia world record), who claims that the thermograph reading was incorrectly read and the correct reading is only 53°C, in which case Sulaibya in Kuwait holds the record for highest temperature in Asia with 53.6°C.
  6. 1 2 Ashkenazi, Eli (30 September 2009). "Lulav growers: Egyptian imports are pushing down prices". Haaretz. Archived from the original on 3 October 2009. Retrieved 29 September 2013.

Further reading

  • Edna Margolis, Isidor Margolis, R. Cohen & J. Cohen, Jew and Arab on the Border: A story of Religious Pioneering, Hapoel Hamizrachi of America, 1940, New York, Edited by Aaron Binnun.
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