Topcoder Open (TCO)
2023 Topcoder Open logo
FrequencyAnnually
CountryUnited States
Years active2001–2023
InauguratedNovember 2–3, 2001
Most recentNovember 17–19, 2022
ActivityCompetitive programming, data science, design, software development
Organized byTopcoder
Websitetco23.topcoder.com

Topcoder Open (TCO) was an annual design, software development, data science and competitive programming championship, organized by Topcoder, and hosted in different venues around US.[1][2][3] In the first two years, 2001 and 2002, the tournament was titled TopCoder Invitational.

In addition to the main championship, from 2001 to 2007 Topcoder was organizing an annual TopCoder Collegiate Challenge tournament, for college students only.[4][5] Also from 2007 to 2010 TopCoder High School competition was held.

From 2015, Topcoder Regional events were held through the year in different countries.[6]

In 2020–2023 in-person Topcoder Open finals were cancelled, and replaced by virtual events due to the impact of COVID-19 pandemic, and subsequent economic slowdown. The 2023 Topcoder Open was the final edition of the contest.[7]

Competition tracks

Competition tracks included in Topcoder Open tournament changed through its history. Many of them resemble the types of challenges offered to Topcoder Community through the year, but there is no 1:1 match. Here is the alphabetical list of all competition tracks ever present at TCO:

Algorithm Competition (SRM)

Timeline: 2001 – 2022

Champions: Belarus Gennady Korotkevich tourist (2022, 2021, 2020, 2019, 2014); Russia Petr Mitrichev Petr (2018, 2015, 2013, 2006); China Yuhao Du xudyh (2017); Japan Makoto Soejima rng_58 (2016, 2011, 2010); Russia Egor Kulikov Egor (2012); China Bin Jin crazyb0y (2009); Poland Tomasz Czajka tomek (2008, 2004, 2003); Netherlands Jan Kuipers Jan_Kuipers (2007); Poland Eryk Kopczyński Eryx (2005); Australia John Dethridge John Dethridge (2002); United States jonmac (2001).

Details:

The only track that was present at all main TCOs events, and at most of the other Topcoder events. Follows the format of regular 1.5 hours Single Round Matches:[8]

  • The Coding Phase – 75 mins: All competitors are presented with the same three algorithmic problems of different complexity, each problem has its own maximal number of points. Problem descriptions are initially invisible. Competitors have 75 minutes to solve these problems. Competitor can open any problem description in any order; once he opened a problem, the number of points he can get for the correct solution of that problem starts decreasing over time. When competitor submits problem solution (a code that successfully compiles), he is awarded with the current number of points he can get for that problem. He can re-submit a solution, getting the further decrease number of points, minus extra penalty for the resubmission. During the phase competitors can see the current points awarded to each participant, but they don't know whether solutions of those participants are correct or wrong, thus whether these scores will hold after The System Testing Phase, or will be reset.
  • The Challenge Phase – 15 mins: Each competitor can see all submission done by other competitors. He can (optionally) challenge any of them, submitting test cases that will cause other competitor's submission produce a wrong result. Submission of correct challenge test case gives submitter 50 points award, submission of an incorrect test case (i.e. the challenged solution can solve it successfully) will lead to 25 points penalty for the test case submitter.
  • The System Testing Phase – In the last phase system tests are automatically executed for all submissions from all competitors. If a submission fails testing, the scores awarded for that submission during The Coding Phase are reset to zero. The final scores after the system testing determine the winner.

First to Finish (F2F)

Timeline: 2009 – 2014, 2016 – 2022

Champions: Turkey Fatih Tas neonray (2022); Greece Thomas Kranitsas thomaskranitsas (2021); Brazil Victor Roberto Gomes da Cunha cunhavictor (2020); Nepal Dilip Kumar Thapa veshu (2019); Russia Dmitry Kondakov kondakovdmitry (2018); Nigeria Akinwale Ariwodola akinwale (2017, 2014); China vvvpig (2016); India Pratap Koritala supercharger (2013); China Lan Luo hohosky (2012); China Yang Li Yeung (2011); Ukraine Margaryta Skrypachova Margarita (2010); China Ninghai Huang PE (2009).

Details:

Officially called as Mod Dash from 2009 to 2013, and First2Finish afterwards. Competitors are provided with set of small programming tasks (like bug fixes / enhancements in an existing codebase), and they get scores based on who correctly resolves each task first. The exact rules for on-site competition may vary from year to year.

Information Architecture

Timeline: 2015 only.

Champions: Spain Silvana Vacchina f0rc0d3r (2015).

Details:

Provided with client requirements for a software product, competitors are asked to create a wireframe mockup of the future app / website.

Marathon Match (MM)

Timeline: 2007 – 2022

Champions: Poland Przemysław Dębiak Psyho (2022, 2017, 2016, 2014, 2013, 2011, 2008); Romania Catalin-Stefan Tiseanu CatalinT (2021);Japan Hironao Tsutsumida iehn (2020); Belarus Gennady Korotkevich tourist (2019, 2018); China Tiancheng Lou ACRush (2015); South Korea Won-Seok Yoo ainu7 (2012); Japan Yoichi Iwata wata (2010); Russia Andrey Lopatin KOTEHOK (2009); Poland Mateusz Zotkiewicz Mojito1 (2007).

Details:

Officially called as just Marathon from 2007 to nowadays. Follows the format of regular MM competitions (a 1–2 weeks long online, and 1 day long during on-site competitions). Competitors are provided with the same algorithmic / data science problem, which is judged objectively with a live leaderboard, visible to everybody. Everybody can submit multiple times with no penalties, with the goal to come up with a code that scores the maximal possible amount of scores on that problem. During the competition the leaderboard is generated based on submissions testing against a limit number of test cases, and after the contest the final results are determined in a testing against a larger test dataset.

Quality Assurance Competition (QA)

Timeline: 2019 – 2022

Champions: Sri Lanka Nuwan Gunarathne codejam (2022, 2021, 2020); Latvia Vladimir Timofejev v.t. (2019)

Details:

The QA competition includes: structured and unstructured testing, structured test case writing, and automated testing.

Software Design

Timeline: 2004–2014

Champions: China Meng Wang albertwang (2014, 2013); Canada Michael Paweska argolite (2012, 2010); China WuJian Ye BLE (2011); Ukraine Olexiy Sadovnikov saarixx (2009); United States Tim Roberts Pops (2008, 2006); United States Sergey Kalinchenko kyky (2007); Russia Nikolay Archak nicka81 (2005); Romania Adrian Carcu adic (2004).

Details:

Officially called as Component Design from 2004 to 2009, and just Design from 2010 to 2014. Competitors were asked to take client requirements for a software component / product as input, and produce development documentation / technical specifications. Solutions were evaluated by a panel of judges according to objective scorecards.

Software Development

Timeline: 2004 – 2022

Champions: China xxcxy (2022); China Jiang Liwu jiangliwu (2021, 2019); Spain Dr. Sergey Pogodin birdofpreyru (2020, 2017); Vietnam Ngoc Pham ngoctay (2018); Poland Łukasz Sentkiewicz Sky_ (2016, 2015, 2014); China Zhijie Liu morehappiness (2013); China Yang Li Yeung (2012, 2010); Philippines Franklin Guevarra j3_guile (2011); China GuanZhuo Jin Standlove (2009 – Architecture, 2004); Argentina Pablo Wolfus pulky (2009 – Assembly); China Yanbo Wu assistant (2009 – Component Development); Canada Piotr Paweska AleaActaEst (2009 – Specification); Brazil Romano Silva romanoTC (2008); China Feng He hefeng (2007); Indonesia Sindunata Sudarmagi sindu (2006); China Qi Liu visualage (2005).

Details:

Officially called as Component Development from 2004 to 2009, and just as Development from 2010 to nowadays. The actual rules differ from year to year, but, typically, competitors are presented with technical specifications for development of a software component / application / tool, or with a more open, hackathon-style requirements, which they must implement in the best possible way in 4 hours. Submitted solutions are evaluated by a panel of judges according to objective scorecards.

UI Design

Timeline: 2007 – 2022

Champions: Thailand Teeraporn Sriponpak iamtong (2022, 2021, 2020, 2018, 2012); India L. O. I. (2019); Indonesia Panji Kharisma kharm (2017); Indonesia Junius Albertho abedavera (2016, 2015, 2013, 2011); Indonesia Faridah Amalia Mandaga fairy_ley (2014); Indonesia Tri Joko Rubiyanto djackmania (2010); Australia Dale Napier djnapier (2009); Philippines Nino Rey Ronda oninkxronda (2008); China Yiming Liao yiming (2007).

Details:

The event was officially called Studio from 2007 to 2014, and UI Design from 2015 onwards. Competitors, provided with client requirements, are asked to create the best UI (visual) design for an software product.

UI Prototype

Timeline: 2015–2018

Champions: Sri Lanka Mouly Gunarathne moulyg (2018, 2017, 2016); Sri Lanka Dileepa Balasuriya dileepa (2015).

Details:

Competitors are provided with design specifications for a website / web-application, and they should create a working prototype of the frontend within a ~4 hours timeframe. The resulting submissions are judged against objective scorecards.

List of Topcoder Open events

These are the main Topcoder Open events, where champions are determined.

The list of Topcoder Open events, and their winners[9]
Date Event Venue Competition Tracks,[note 1] and Their Champions[note 2]
Nov 15–18, 2022 TCO22 (online)[10] Online Dev (China xxcxy), Dg (Thailand Teeraporn Sriponpak iamtong), F2F (Turkey Fatih Tas neonray), MM (Poland Przemysław Dębiak Psyho), QA (Sri Lanka Nuwan Gunarathne codejam), SRM (Belarus Gennady Korotkevich tourist)
Nov 13–20, 2021 TCO21 (online)[11] Online Dev (China Jiang Liwu jiangliwu), Dg (Thailand Teeraporn Sriponpak iamtong), F2F (Greece Thomas Kranitsas thomaskranitsas), MM (Romania Catalin-Stefan Tiseanu CatalinT), QA (Sri Lanka Nuwan Gunarathne codejam), SRM (Belarus Gennady Korotkevich tourist)
Nov 13–22, 2020 TCO20[12] (online[note 3]) Online, at hopin.to platform. Dev (Spain Sergey Pogodin birdofpreyru), Dg (Thailand Teeraporn Sriponpak iamtong), F2F (Brazil Victor Roberto Gomes da Cunha cunhavictor), MM (Japan Hironao Tsutsumida iehn), QA (Sri Lanka Nuwan Gunarathne codejam), SRM (Belarus Gennady Korotkevich tourist)
Nov 13–16, 2019 TCO19[13] (Houston, TX, USA) InterContinental Houston – Medical Center Dev (China Jiang Liwu jiangliwu), Dg (India L. O. I.), F2F (Nepal Dilip Kumar Thapa veshu), MM (Belarus Gennady Korotkevich tourist), QA (Latvia Vladimir Timofejev v.t.), SRM (Belarus Gennady Korotkevich tourist)
Nov 13–16, 2018 TCO18 (Dallas, TX, USA)[14][15][16][17] Southfork Ranch Dev (Vietnam Ngoc Pham ngoctay), Dg (Thailand Teeraporn Sriponpak iamtong), F2F (Russia Dmitry Kondakov kondakovdmitry), MM (Belarus Gennady Korotkevich tourist), Pr (Sri Lanka Mouly Gunarathne moulyg), SRM (Russia Petr Mitrichev Petr)
Oct 21–24, 2017 TCO17 (Buffalo, NY, USA)[18][19][20][21] Buffalo Niagara Medical Campus Dev (Spain Sergey Pogodin birdofpreyru), Dg (Indonesia Panji Kharisma kharm), F2F (Nigeria Akinwale Ariwodola akinwale), MM (Poland Przemysław Dębiak Psyho), Pr (Sri Lanka Mouly Gunarathne moulyg), SRM (China Yuhao Du xudyh)
Nov 18–21, 2016 TCO16 (Washington DC, USA)[22] Booz Allen Hamilton Innovation Center Dev (Poland Łukasz Sentkiewicz Sky_), Dg (Indonesia Junius Albertho abedavera), F2F (China vvvpig), MM (Poland Przemysław Dębiak Psyho), Pr (Sri Lanka Mouly Gunarathne moulyg), SRM (Japan Makoto Soejima rng_58)
Nov 8–10, 2015 TCO15 (Indianapolis, IN, USA)[23][note 4] Omni Severin Hotel Dev (Poland Łukasz Sentkiewicz Sky_), IA (Spain Silvana Vacchina f0rc0d3r), MM (China TianCheng Lou ACRush), SRM (Russia Petr Mitrichev Petr)
Sep 21–22, 2015 TCO15 – Yogyakarta (Indonesia)[23][note 4] Eastparc Hotel Dg (Indonesia Junius Albertho abedavera), Pr (Sri Lanka Dileepa Balasuriya dileepa)
Nov 16–19, 2014 TCO14 – San Francisco (CA, USA)[24][25][26][27] Pier 48 Dev (Poland Łukasz Sentkiewicz Sky_), Dg (Indonesia Faridah Amalia Mandaga fairy_ley), F2F (Nigeria Akinwale Ariwodola akinwale), MM (Poland Przemysław Dębiak Psyho), SDg (China Meng Wang albertwang), SRM (Belarus Gennady Korotkevich tourist)
Nov 10–14, 2013 TCO13 (Washington DC, USA)[28][29] Capital Hilton Hotel Dev (China Zhijie Liu morehappiness), Dg (Indonesia Junius Albertho abedavera), F2F (India Pratap Koritala supercharger), MM (Poland Przemysław Dębiak Psyho), SDg (China Meng Wang albertwang), SRM (Russia Petr Mitrichev Petr)
Sep 30 – October 4, 2012 TCO12 (Orlando, FL, USA)[30][31] Caribe Royale Hotel Dev (China Yang Li Yeung), Dg (Thailand Teeraporn Sriponpak iamtong), F2F (China Kan Luo hohosky), MM (South Korea Won-Seok Yoo ainu7), SDg (Canada Michael Paweska argolite), SRM (Russia Egor Egor)
Sep 25–28, 2011 TCO11 (Hollywood, FL, USA)[32] Westin Diplomat Resort & Spa Dev (Philippines Franklin Guevarra j3_guile), Dg (Indonesia Junius Albertho abedavera), F2F (China Yang Lee Yeung), MM (Poland Przemysław Dębiak Psyho), SDg (China WuJian Ye BLE), SRM (Japan Makoto Soejima rng_58)
Oct 11–14, 2010 TCO10 (Las Vegas, NV, USA)[33] The Mirage Dev (China Yang Li Yeung), Dg (Indonesia Tri Joko Rubiyanto djackmania), F2F (Ukraine Margaryta Skrypachova Margarita), MM (Japan Yoichi Iwata wata), SDg (Canada Michael Paweska argolite), SRM (Japan Makoto Soejima rng_58)
Jun 1–4, 2009 TCO09 (Las Vegas, NV, USA)[34] The Mirage Dev[note 5] (Architecutre: China GuanZhuo Jin Standlove; Assembly: Argentina Pablo Wolfus pulky; Component Development: China Yanbo Wu assistant; Specification: Canada Piotr Paweska AleaActaEst), Dg (Australia Dale Napier djnapier), F2F (China Ninghai Huang PE), MM (Russia Andrey Lopatin KOTEHOK), SDg (Ukraine Olexiy Sadovnikov saarixx), SRM (China Bin Jin crazyb0y)
May 11–15, 2008 TCO08 (Las Vegas, NV, USA)[35][36] The Mirage Dev (Brazil Romano Silva romanoTC), Dg (Philippines Nino Rey Ronda oninkxronda), MM (Poland Przemysław Dębiak Psyho), SDg (United States Tim Roberts Pops), SRM (Poland Tomasz Czajka tomek)
Jun 26–29, 2007 TCO07 (Las Vegas, NV, USA)[37][note 6] The Mirage Dev (China Feng He hefeng), Dg (China Yiming Liao yiming), MM (Poland Mateusz Zotkiewicz Mojito1), SDg (United States Sergey Kalinchenko kyky), SRM (Netherlands Jan Kuipers Jan_Kuipers)
May 3–5, 2006 TCO06 (Las Vegas, NV, USA)[38][39][40][note 7] Aladdin Resort and Casino Dev (Indonesia Sindunata Sudarmagi sindu), SDg (United States Tim Roberts Pops), SRM (Russia Petr Mitrichev Petr)
Oct 12–14, 2005 TCO05 (Santa Clara, CA, USA)[41][note 8] Santa Clara Marriot Dev (China Qi Liu visualage), SDg (Russia Nikolay Archak nicka81), SRM (Poland Eryk Kopczyński Eryx)
Nov 11–12, 2004 TCO04 (Santa Clara, CA, USA)[42][note 9] Santa Clara Marriot Dev (China GuanZhuo Jin Standlove), SDg (Romania Adrian Carcu adic), SRM (Poland Tomasz Czajka tomek)
Dec 4–5, 2003 TCO03 (Uncasville, CT, USA)[43][note 10] Mohegan Sun Casino SRM (Poland Tomasz Czajka tomek)
Nov 22–23, 2002 TCI02 (Uncasville, CT, USA)[44][45][note 11] Mohegan Sun Casino SRM (Australia John Dethridge John Dethridge)
Nov 2–3, 2001 TCI01 (Mashantucket, CT, USA)[46][note 12] Foxwoods Resort Casino SRM (United States jonmac)

Topcoder Open victories by countries represented by champions

Topcoder Open Victories by Countries Represented by Champions[note 13]
Country Total Competition Tracks[note 1]
Dev Dg F2F IA MM Pr QA SDg SRM
Argentina Argentina 1 1
Australia Australia 2 1 1
Belarus Belarus 7 2 5
Brazil Brasil 2 1 1
Canada Canada 3 1 2
China China 22 11 1 4 1 3 2
Greece Greece 1 1
India India 2 1 1
Indonesia Indonesia 8 1 7
Japan Japan 5 2 3
Latvia Latvia 1 1
Nepal Nepal 1 1
Netherlands Netherlands 1 1
Nigeria Nigeria 2 2
Philippines Philippines 2 1 1
Poland Poland 15 3 8 4
Romania Romania 2 1 1
Russia Russia 8 1 1 1 5
South Korea South Korea 1 1
Spain Spain 3 2 1
Sri Lanka Sri Lanka 7 4 3
Thailand Thailand 5 5
Turkey Turkey 1 1
Ukraine Ukraine 2 1 1
Vietnam Vietnam 1 1
United States USA 4 3 1

Notes

  1. 1 2 The following abbreviations are used in the table "The list of Topcoder Open and Regional events": Dev = Software Development (Code); Dg = UI Design (also called as Studio Design); DS = Data Science; F2F = First to Finish (also called Mod Dash); IA = Information Architecture (Wireframes); MM = Marathon Match; Pr = UI Prototype; QA = Quality Assurance Competition; SDg = Software Design (also called Component Design, and just Design); SRM = Algorithm.
  2. ↑ Topcoder member nicknames are given in italic
  3. ↑ Originally planned to be held in Seattle, WA, USA; held online due to COVID-19 pandemic.
  4. 1 2 In 2015, on-site finals for UI Design and UI Prototype competitions were held at TCO15 Yogyakarta event; and other on-site finals: Competitive Programming (SMR), Information Architecture, Marathon Match, Software Development were held at TCO15 Indianapolis event.
  5. ↑ Software development competition that year was online-only, and it was divided into Architecture, Assembly, Component Design, Component Development, and Specification sub-tracks.
  6. ↑ Officially titled 2007 TopCoder Open Sponsored by AOL
  7. ↑ Officially titled 2005 TopCoder Open Sponsored by AMD
  8. ↑ Officially titled 2005 TopCoder Open Sponsored by Sun Microsystems
  9. ↑ Officially titled 2004 TopCoder Open Sponsored by Microsoft
  10. ↑ Officially titled 2003 TopCoder Open Sponsored by Intel
  11. ↑ Officially titled 2002 TopCoder Invitational
  12. ↑ Officially titled 2001 TopCoder Invitational
  13. ↑ Updated up to TCO22, inclusive

References

  1. ↑ Brandel, Mary (January 22, 2008). "Rock star coders". Computerworld. Retrieved April 29, 2018.
  2. ↑ Lai, Eric (July 9, 2007). "Jiazhi Wu: Programming's Crack Competitor". Computerworld. Retrieved April 29, 2018.
  3. ↑ Grover, Sahil (December 2, 2017). "Programming as a sport". Medium. Retrieved April 30, 2017.
  4. ↑ Meloan, Steve (April 2003). "TopCoders Vie For College Crown". Oracle Technology Network. Archived from the original on April 30, 2018. Retrieved April 30, 2018.
  5. ↑ Kanaracus, Chris (October 1, 2007). "College coders vie for cash in enterprise-sponsored contest". Computerworld. Retrieved April 30, 2018.
  6. ↑ "TopCoder Open 2016". ITMO Tech. September 5, 2016. Retrieved April 30, 2018.
  7. ↑ "FAQ - TOPCODER COMMUNITY TOWN HALL WITH DOUG HANSON, TOPCODER CEO". Topcoder. February 24, 2023. Retrieved February 25, 2023.
  8. ↑ Sial, Rashid (April 25, 2017). "SRM Overview". Topcoder Help Center. Retrieved April 23, 2018.
  9. ↑ "The list of main Topcoder Open events". Topcoder. Retrieved April 19, 2018.
  10. ↑ "2022 Topcoder Open".
  11. ↑ "2021 Topcoder Open".
  12. ↑ "2020 Topcoder Open".
  13. ↑ "2019 Topcoder Open". 2019 Topcoder Open. Retrieved September 8, 2018.
  14. ↑ "Topcoder Open 2018".
  15. ↑ "TCO at the Ranch". Topcoder Open 2018. Retrieved July 9, 2018.
  16. ↑ "Gennadiy Korotkevich Wins 2018 Topcoder Open Marathon". ITMO.News. November 19, 2018. Retrieved November 23, 2018.
  17. ↑ Ford, Jessie (December 13, 2018). "Crowdsourcing, Data Science Top Talks at the 2018 Topcoder Open". DevOps.com. Retrieved December 13, 2018.
  18. ↑ "Topcoder Open 2017".
  19. ↑ "Impact of 2017 Topcoder Open on Our Community". Buffalo Niagara Medical Campus Blog. December 7, 2017. Retrieved April 14, 2018.
  20. ↑ Lehman, Jeol (October 6, 2017). "Medical Campus brings best in the world to Buffalo for coding event". Upstart NY. Retrieved April 14, 2018.
  21. ↑ Shippens, Eve (October 26, 2017). "BPS Student James Shippens Takes 1st Place In Topcoder Open". BPTO – Buffalo Parent-Teacher Organization. Retrieved April 14, 2018.
  22. ↑ "Topcoder Open 2016".
  23. 1 2 "Topcoder Open 2015". Retrieved April 16, 2018.
  24. ↑ "Poland has the world's best programmers – and here's proof". Medium. August 27, 2015. Retrieved April 30, 2018.
  25. ↑ Weinberger, Matt (November 18, 2014). "Microsoft: "Nobody loves developers more than us"". Computerworld. Retrieved April 30, 2018.
  26. ↑ "Topcoder Open 2014". Retrieved April 16, 2018.
  27. ↑ "Appirio and Industry Leaders Host 2014 Topcoder Open to Celebrate How Developers Are Changing the World". CISION PR Newswire. October 29, 2014. Retrieved April 23, 2018.
  28. ↑ "Topcoder Open 2013". Retrieved April 18, 2018.
  29. ↑ "Leaders in Change and Innovation to Keynote TopCoder Open Innovation Summit". Market Wire. October 15, 2013. Retrieved April 23, 2018.
  30. ↑ "2012 TopCoder Open". Retrieved April 22, 2018.
  31. ↑ "Polish vice champions of TopCoder Open". Science in Poland. October 19, 2012. Retrieved April 29, 2018.
  32. ↑ "2011 TopCoder Open". Retrieved April 22, 2018.
  33. ↑ "2010 TopCoder Open". Retrieved April 22, 2018.
  34. ↑ "2009 TopCoder Open". Retrieved April 22, 2018.
  35. ↑ "Two Filipinos win in 2008 International Software Component Design Competition". Philippine Information Agency. June 3, 2008. Retrieved April 30, 2018.
  36. ↑ "2008 TopCoder Open". Retrieved April 22, 2018.
  37. ↑ "2007 TopCoder Open Sponsored by AOL". Retrieved April 22, 2018.
  38. ↑ Havenstein, Heather (May 9, 2006). "Programming contest garners enterprise interest". Computerworld. Retrieved April 29, 2018.
  39. ↑ Krazit, Tom (May 3, 2006). "Coding for fame, and dollars". C|Net. Retrieved April 30, 2018.
  40. ↑ "2006 TopCoder Open Sponsored by AMD". Retrieved April 22, 2018.
  41. ↑ "2005 TopCoder Open Sponsored by Sun Microsystems". Retrieved April 22, 2018.
  42. ↑ "TopCoder Open 2004". Retrieved April 22, 2018.
  43. ↑ "Topcoder Open 2003". Topcoder. Retrieved April 22, 2018.
  44. ↑ Biondi, Mary Beth (November 23, 2002). "The Land Down Under comes out On Top!". Topcoder. Retrieved April 19, 2018.
  45. ↑ Consilvio, Jean (December 9, 2002). "And the Winner Is..." Computerworld. Retrieved April 29, 2018.
  46. ↑ "2001 TopCoder Invitational Recap". Topcoder. Retrieved April 19, 2018.
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