Tovdalselva Topdalselva Tovdalsåna / Tovdalsåni
The river mouth of Tovdalselva into Topdalsfjorden in Kristiansand. To the left, the runway of Kristiansand Airport, Kjevik
Location of the river Show map of Agder Tovdalselva (Norway) Show map of Norway
Location
Country	Norway
Counties	Agder
Municipalities	Bygland, Åmli, Froland, Birkenes, Iveland, Kristiansand
Physical characteristics
Source
• location	Straumsfjorden
• coordinates	59°06′N 7°42′E / 59.1°N 7.7°E / 59.1; 7.7
• elevation	1,101 metres (3,612 ft)
Mouth
• location	Topdalsfjorden
• coordinates	58°12′N 8°06′E / 58.2°N 8.1°E / 58.2; 8.1
• elevation	0 metres (0 ft)
Length	143 km (89 mi)
Basin size	1,800 km2 (690 sq mi)
Discharge
• location	Topdalsfjorden
• average	65 m3/s (2,300 cu ft/s)
Basin features
River system	Tovdalsvassdraget
Waterbodies	Straumsfjorden, Topsæ, Herefossfjorden

Tovdalselva (also known as the Tofdalselva, Tovdalsåna, Tovdalsåni, literally: the Tov valley river) is 143 kilometres (89 mi) long and is one of the longest rivers in Southern Norway. The river flows through Agder county from the mountains on the northeast side of the Setesdal valley in Valle municipality southwards, until it reaches the sea at the Tofdalsfjorden between Hamresanden and Kjevik in Kristiansand. The upper reaches of the river include many lakes such as the Herefossfjorden and the Straumsfjorden (the largest lake on the river). It drains about 1,800 square kilometres (690 sq mi) in territory and the highest point in the watershed is 1,101 metres (3,612 ft) above sea level. The drainage basin includes parts or all of the following municipalities: Fyresdal, Valle, Bygland, Evje og Hornnes, Åmli, Froland, Grimstad, Birkenes, Iveland, Lillesand, and Kristiansand.^[1]

Fishing

Tovdalselva was long considered one of the greatest salmon fishing rivers in the land. From 1880 to 1883, it was Norway's third most productive salmon river, calculated both by weight and by value of the salmon caught. This had decreased seriously by the 1900s. By 1970, the salmon fishing in the Tovdalselva was almost completely lost.^[2]

References