Tropical Storm Arthur
Tropical Storm Arthur shortly after being named on July 15
Meteorological history
FormedJuly 14, 2002
ExtratropicalJuly 16
DissipatedJuly 19, 2002
Tropical storm
1-minute sustained (SSHWS/NWS)
Highest winds60 mph (95 km/h)
Lowest pressure997 mbar (hPa); 29.44 inHg
Overall effects
Fatalities1 indirect
DamageMinimal
Areas affectedSoutheastern United States, Bermuda, Newfoundland
IBTrACS
Part of the 2002 Atlantic hurricane season

Tropical Storm Arthur was the first tropical cyclone of the relatively quiet 2002 Atlantic hurricane season. The origins of the storm are believed to have been from a decaying cold front in the Gulf of Mexico, which dropped light to moderate rainfall across the southeastern United States. Developing on July 14 near the coast of North Carolina, Arthur tracked quickly east-northward through much of its duration as a tropical cyclone. It reached peak winds of 60 mph (97 km/h) on July 16, though as it interacted with a mid-level cyclone and cooler waters it transitioned into an extratropical cyclone. The remnants of Arthur passed over Newfoundland with gusty winds and rainfall, where one person drowned. Arthur was the first tropical storm to form in the month of July since Alex of 1998.

Meteorological history

Map plotting the storm's track and intensity, according to the Saffir–Simpson scale
Map key
Saffir–Simpson scale
  Tropical depression (≤38 mph, ≤62 km/h)
  Tropical storm (39–73 mph, 63–118 km/h)
  Category 1 (74–95 mph, 119–153 km/h)
  Category 2 (96–110 mph, 154–177 km/h)
  Category 3 (111–129 mph, 178–208 km/h)
  Category 4 (130–156 mph, 209–251 km/h)
  Category 5 (≥157 mph, ≥252 km/h)
  Unknown
Storm type
triangle Extratropical cyclone, remnant low, tropical disturbance, or monsoon depression

The origins of Tropical Storm Arthur are believed to have been from a decaying cold front in the northeastern Gulf of Mexico in July 2002. By July 9, a weak low-level circulation was first detected,[1] in association with a broad low pressure area. Across the region, surface pressures were high, while upper level wind shear was marginally favorable for slow tropical development.[2] The system tracked slowly north-northwestward, gradually becoming better defined, although thunderstorm activity remained limited and disorganized.[3]

By July 11, dry air and unfavorable wind shear prevented the convection from developing near the center.[4] The low became elongated, though on July 12 the overall convection became more concentrated as it turned to a northeast drift.[5] An approaching mid-level trough caused the system to accelerate northeastward across Florida Panhandle,[1] though upon doing so the thunderstorm activity quickly diminished. On July 13, forecasters expected the system to be absorbed by the approaching trough.[6] However, the low pressure area emerged into the western Atlantic Ocean near North Carolina early on July 14, and upon doing so its convection increased and became better organized.[7] The circulation and convection became further defined, and the National Hurricane Center estimates the system developed into Tropical Depression One late on July 14 about 45 miles (72 km) west-southwest of Hatteras, North Carolina.[1]

Upon becoming a tropical cyclone, the depression was moving quickly to the east-northeast, due to a deepening mid-level low south of the Canadian Maritimes. It maintained good upper-level outflow, and its track over the gulf stream allowed for steady strengthening.[8] Early on July 15, convection increased over the center and developed an organized rainband southwest of the center;[9] as a result, the National Hurricane Center upgraded the depression to Tropical Storm Arthur. After continuing to steadily intensify, Arthur attained peak winds of 60 mph (97 km/h) early on July 16 about 490 miles (790 km) south-southeast of Halifax, Nova Scotia.[1] Upon reaching peak intensity, the convection had become well-organized over the center despite westerly wind shear.[10] Subsequently, the center became separated from the area of deepest convection,[11] and Arthur maintained its peak intensity as it began transitioning into an extratropical cyclone. The storm turned northward around the larger mid-level low, and by July 17 Arthur completed extratropical transition. Shortly thereafter, the extratropical remnants crossed eastern Newfoundland. On July 19, the remnants of Arthur turned to a southeast drift between Newfoundland and Greenland, and by late in the day its winds decreased to below gale force.[1]

Impact

Rainfall Summary for Tropical Storm Arthur

The precursor tropical disturbance dropped light to moderate precipitation in Florida, Georgia, and South Carolina,[1] peaking at 4.49 inches (114 mm) in Weston, Florida. The system produced scattered precipitation across North Carolina, generally between 1–3 inches (25–76 millimetres).[12] On July 16, Arthur passed north of Bermuda, where it brought gusty winds and 0.57 inches (14 mm) of rainfall.[13] As an extratropical storm, Arthur produced gusty winds and dropped about 1 inch (25 mm) of rainfall in Newfoundland.[1] Strong waves capsized a boat in the Conne River, killing one person.[14]

Five ships recorded tropical storm force winds in association with Arthur, of which two were when the storm was extratropical. Early on July 16, a vessel with the call sign Weston reported sustained winds of 51 mph (82 km/h) from the south-southwest, which was the strongest ship reported wind speed. As the storm approached Canada as an extratropical storm, a buoy reported an 8-minute average wind speed of 45 mph (72 km/h), along with a wind gust of 60 mph (97 km/h).[1]

See also

References

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Tropical Storm Arthur (2002).
  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Miles Lawrence (2002). "Tropical Storm Arthur Tropical Cyclone Report" (PDF). National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2015-05-26.
  2. ↑ Stacy Stewart (2002). "July 9 Tropical Weather Outlook". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2008-01-07.
  3. ↑ Lixion Avila (2002). "July 10 Tropical Weather Outlook". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2008-01-07.
  4. ↑ Stacy Stewart (2002). "July 11 Tropical Weather Outlook". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2008-01-07.
  5. ↑ Lixion Avila (2002). "July 12 Tropical Weather Outlook". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2008-01-07.
  6. ↑ Lixion Avila (2002). "July 12 Tropical Weather Outlook (2)". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2008-01-07.
  7. ↑ Stacy Stewart (2002). "July 14 Tropical Weather Outlook". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2008-01-07.
  8. ↑ Stacy Stewart (2002). "Tropical Depression One Discussion One". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2008-01-07.
  9. ↑ Jack Beven (2002). "Tropical Depression One Discussion Three". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2008-01-07.
  10. ↑ Stacy Stewart (2002). "Tropical Storm Arthur Discussion Five". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2008-01-07.
  11. ↑ Richard Pasch (2002). "Tropical Storm Arthur Discussion Six". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2008-01-07.
  12. ↑ David Roth (2007). "Rainfall Summary for Tropical Storm Arthur". Hydrometeorological Prediction Center. Retrieved 2008-01-07.
  13. ↑ Bermuda Weather Service (2002). "Bermuda Weather for July 2002". Archived from the original on 2012-02-08. Retrieved 2008-01-07.
  14. ↑ Environment Canada (2009). "2002-Arthur". Archived from the original on 2013-10-05. Retrieved 2010-05-23.

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