Cyclone 2A making landfall near Karachi at peak intensity as Category 3 equivalent hurricane in May 1999

Pakistan lies in the temperate zone. The climate is generally arid, characterized by the extreme southwestern part of the country where Gwadar and Karachi are the main port cities. Though cyclones are rare in the Arabian sea which a part of North Indian Ocean, cyclones that form in this sea mostly move towards Western India rather than Pakistan.[1] Cyclones in the Arabian sea form mostly from May till June and then from September till October, monsoon season plays a vital role for the formation of cyclone in this basin. Tropical storms that hit Pakistan are mostly remnants by the time reach Pakistan or make landfall in south eastern Sindh which is not very much populated they rarely move towards the Balochistan coast.

Background

Pakistan has a 1,046-kilometre (650 mi) coastline along the Arabian Sea[2] and the Gulf of Oman in the extreme south western part of the country where Gwadar is the main port city. Though cyclones are rare in the Arabian sea which is a part of North Indian Ocean, cyclones that form in this sea mostly move towardsWestern India rather than Pakistan.[1] Cyclones in the Arabian sea form mostly from May till June and then from September till October, monsoon season plays a vital role for the formation of cyclone in this basin.[3]

Each year before the onset of monsoon that is 15 April to 15 July and also after its withdrawal that is 15 September to 15 December, there is always a distinct possibility of the cyclonic storm to develop in the north Arabian Sea.[4] There is a 98 per cent chance of cyclones to turn towards the Indian state of Gujarat, one per cent chance of moving towards the Gulf and one per cent chance of moving towards the Pakistani coast.[5]

There is only one tropical cyclone warning centre in Pakistan, which is in Karachi in Sindh province.[6]

Cyclone Yemyin making landfall in Balochistan province on 26 June 2007

Cyclones mostly hit the Sindh coast than the Balochistan coast in Pakistan. During the last 125 years a number of cyclonic storms have struck Pakistan's coastal areas. The years involved were 1895, 1902, 1907, 1944, 1948, 1964, 1985, 1999, 2007 and 2010. Other cyclones that are listed below caused rains as remnants.[4]

Systems

Pre-1900

  • 10 July 1894 – A land depression moved westward through India, entering current-day Pakistan at Sindh.[7]
  • 18 June 1895 – A cyclonic storm hit the Makran coast in Balochistan province.[4]

1900–1949

  • 3 May 1901 – Originating off the southwest coast of India, a cyclone passed near Oman before making landfall along Balochistan. The storm moved through the country and dissipated on 5 May.[8]
  • 13 May 1902 – A cyclonic storm struck the coast in the vicinity of Karachi.[9]
  • 21 June 1906 – After moving across India, a storm crossed into Pakistan.[10]
  • June 1907 – A tropical storm struck the coast near Karachi.[4]
  • 3 September 1926 – A storm moved from Gujarat into Pakistan.[11]
  • 30 June 1936 – A storm moved from India into Pakistan.[12]
  • 2 July 1936 – A tropical cyclone moved through southeastern Pakistan.[13]
  • 15 July 1936 – A depression moved off the coast of Pakistan.[14]
  • 27 July 1944 – A cyclone left some 10,000 people homeless in Karachi.[15]
  • 8 June 1948 – Moving ashore near Pasni along the Makran, a storm brought rainfall to Balochistan and Sindh.[16][17]

1950–1999

  • 12 June 1964 – A cyclone made landfall in Tharparkar and Hyderabad district in Sindh province. It killed 450 people and left some 400,000 people homeless.[15][4]
  • May 1985 – A cyclonic storm made a landfall in the eastern direction of Karachi. The cyclonic storm in 1985 which was moving towards Karachi actually had weakened over the sea while still a few 100 Kilometers away south of Karachi.[18]
  • 16 November 1993 – A cyclone dissipated near the Sindh-Gujarat border. However it caused massive rainfall and flooding in Karachi but Thatta and Badin districts were the worst affected where the cyclone killed 609 people and displaced some 200,000 others.[15][19]
  • 9 June 1998 – Striking Gujarat in neighboring India, a cyclone electrocuted 12 people in Pakistan.[20]
  • 20 May 1999 – The strongest cyclone to hit Pakistan moved ashore near Keti Bandar at Category 3 intensity on the Saffir–Simpson scale. It killed 6,200 people in the country. At least $1 million in relief funds was to be supplied by the government.[21]

2000–present

Cyclone Phet making second landfall near Karachi on 6 June 2010
  • May 2001 – More than 100,000 people evacuated in southeastern Pakistan due to the threat from a powerful cyclone in the Arabian Sea.[22] The storm struck Gujarat as a weakened cyclone on 29 May.[23]
  • 1 October 2004 – Cyclone Onil became the first named storm in the Indian Ocean, and meandered for several days off the coast of Gujarat. In Pakistan, Onil brought heavy rainfall and gusty winds.[24] In Karachi, nine people died from the storm, as flooded streets and power outages contributed to at least two electrocution deaths.[25]
  • June 2007 – Powerful Cyclone Gonu remained well southwest of Pakistan, but it still produced heavy rainfall and strong winds in the city of Gwadar in Balochistan, where it caused damage to dozens of boats and school buildings in the area. It also caused high winds with light rainfall in Karachi and other coastal areas.[26][27]
  • 23 June 2007 – Cyclone Yemyin, which developed over the Bay of Bengal and intensified into a cyclone over the Arabian Sea, killed 200 people alone in Karachi city due to heavy rainfall and intense windstorms as it was moving towards Balochistan province.[28] It made landfall near the towns of Ormara and Pasni in the Balochistan province on 26 June where it killed 300 people.[29] Overall it killed 730 people and affected the lives of 2 million people in Pakistan making it the third deadliest cyclone in the history of the country.[30]
  • In November 2009, remnants of Cyclone Phyan caused gusty winds along the Sindh coast including Karachi. However six Pakistani fishermen were trapped in the storm later rescued by the Indian Navy.[31]
  • 6 June 2010 – Cyclone Phet made landfall near Karachi as a depression,[32] having earlier dropped heavy rainfall along the Makran coast. Gwadar recorded 370 mm (15 in) of rainfall,[33] which damaged 10,000 houses,[34] and disrupted portions of the Makran Coastal Highway.[35] Phet killed at least 18 people in Pakistan – 11 by electrocution, and 7 due to collapsed walls.[36] The storm also injured dozens of others and left thousands of Pakistanis homeless.[37] Damage was estimated at RS7 billion (US$80 million).[34]
  • November 9  - 12, 2010 - The remnants of Cyclone Jal impacted Pakistan.[38]
  • 18 May 2021 – Cyclone Tauktae's landfall in Gujarat caused a roof to collapse in Karachi by a severe dust storm, killing four people in the city.[39]
  • 30 September 2021 – A developing depression – later named Shaheen – produced gusty winds and rainfall in Karachi.[40] A person died in Orangi from electrocution.[41]
  • 15 June 2023 - Cyclone Biparjoy just made landfall on the border of Pakistan and India.

Climatological statistics

Storms affecting Pakistan by month
Month Number of storms
May
6
June
10
July
4
September
2
October
1
November
3
Storms affecting Pakistan by period
Period Number of storms
1800s
2
1900–49
5
1950s
0
1960s
1
1970s
0
1980s
1
1990s
3
2000s
5
2010s
2
2020s
2

See also

Weather in Pakistan

References

  1. 1 2 "History of Past Cyclones". Archived from the original on 2010-03-02. Retrieved 2010-12-17.
  2. ↑ "Pakistan Coastline - Geography".
  3. ↑ "Registered & Protected by MarkMonitor".
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 "Cyclone History for Karachi". 6 June 2010.
  5. ↑ "Pakistan: Cyclone Phet losing intensity: Met office - Pakistan". 4 June 2010.
  6. ↑ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2010-09-01. Retrieved 2010-12-17.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  7. ↑ https://ncics.org/ibtracs/index.php?name=v04r00-1894184N25089
  8. ↑ Knapp, K. R.; M. C. Kruk; D. H. Levinson; H. J. Diamond; C. J. Neumann (2010). 1901 Missing (1901115N06074). The International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship (IBTrACS): Unifying tropical cyclone best track data (Report). Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society. Retrieved January 22, 2016.
  9. ↑ "IBTrACS - International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship".
  10. ↑ "IBTrACS - International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship".
  11. ↑ "IBTrACS - International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship".
  12. ↑ "IBTrACS - International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship".
  13. ↑ "IBTrACS - International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship".
  14. ↑ "IBTrACS - International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship".
  15. 1 2 3 "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-07-09. Retrieved 2010-12-28.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  16. ↑ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-02-19. Retrieved 2017-02-18.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  17. ↑ https://ncics.org/ibtracs/index.php?name=v04r00-1948157N17063
  18. ↑ "Unisys Weather: 1985 Hurricane/Tropical Data for Northern Indian Ocean". www.wxp.unisys.com. Archived from the original on 2016-11-16.
  19. ↑ http://arabnews.com/world/article60813.ece
  20. ↑ Gary Padgett (July 14, 1998). "Monthly Tropical Cyclone Summary for June 1998". Typhoon 2000. Retrieved February 9, 2009.
  21. ↑ https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=-zgcAAAAIBAJ&sjid=tFkEAAAAIBAJ&dq=pakistan%20cyclone&pg=5489%2C512207
  22. ↑ Agence France-Presse (May 29, 2001). "100,000 Pakistanis who fled storm to return home". ReliefWeb. Retrieved December 13, 2009.
  23. ↑ Joint Typhoon Warning Center (2002). "Cyclone 01A Best Track". Naval Meteorology and Oceanography Command. Archived from the original on June 6, 2011. Retrieved June 3, 2010.
  24. ↑ Gary Padgett (May 17, 2005). "Monthly Tropical Weather Summary for October 2004". Australia Severe Weather. Retrieved June 10, 2010.
  25. ↑ Staff Writer (October 3, 2004). "A cyclone in southern Pakistan kills nine people". Associated Press. Archived from the original on November 4, 2012. Retrieved June 10, 2010.
  26. ↑ "Weather report europe - topics".
  27. ↑ "KARACHI: Light rain in parts of city". 6 June 2007.
  28. ↑ "Storms in Karachi kill 200 people". BBC News. 24 June 2007.
  29. ↑ "Government of Pakistan". Archived from the original on 2007-06-29. Retrieved 2007-06-26.
  30. ↑ Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters. "EM-DAT: The Emergency Events Database". Université catholique de Louvain.
  31. ↑ http://videosfromindia.smashits.com/view/10962/rescued-pak-teenagers-of-phyan-cyclone-seek-early-repatriation&page=1&viewtype=&category=mr
  32. ↑ B.K. Bandyopadhyay, ed. (2011). WMO/ESCAP Panel on Tropical Cyclones Annual Review 2010 (PDF) (Report). World Meteorological Organization. pp. 40, 54–55, 115–129.
  33. ↑ "Country Report of Pakistan" (PDF). WMO/ESCAP Panel on Tropical Cyclones Thirty-Eighth Session (Report). World Meteorological Organization. 2011. Appendix VII. Retrieved April 9, 2019.
  34. 1 2 June 2010 Monthly Cat Recap –Impact Forecasting (PDF) (Report). AON Benfield. 2010. Retrieved November 14, 2016.
  35. ↑ Saleem Shahid (June 6, 2010). "Pakistan: Heavy rain batters Gwadar, cyclone eyes Karachi". ReliefWeb. DAWN Group of Newspapers. Retrieved September 15, 2016.
  36. ↑ Zeb-u-Nisa; Zahid Habib Bhutta, eds. (April 2011). Annual Report (PDF) (Report). National Disaster Management Authority. pp. 31–32. Archived from the original (PDF) on January 18, 2017. Retrieved November 8, 2016.
  37. ↑ Syed Moazzam Hashmi (June 7, 2010). "Cyclone "Phet" leaves 15 dead, thousands homeless in Pakistan". Xinhua. Archived from the original on June 10, 2010. Retrieved November 8, 2016.
  38. ↑ http://www.rsmcnewdelhi.imd.gov.in/images/pdf/publications/annual-rsmc-report/rsmc-2010.pdf
  39. ↑ "Cyclone Tauktae: 4 killed in roof collapse incidents after dust storm in Karachi". 19 May 2021.
  40. ↑ https://rsmcnewdelhi.imd.gov.in/uploads/report/26/26_c88fdf_Brief%20Report%20Cyclone%20Shaheen_updated.pdf
  41. ↑ "Live Karachi weather updates: Cyclone Shaheen to recurve to Oman after tomorrow evening".
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